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List of Articles
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Open Access Article
1 - The Effect of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation with two Different Currents of Immersion in water
Ali molaiee sedighe hosseinpoor mehran ghahramani reza jabari mohammad jalilvandThis study aimed to investigate the effects of cold-water immersion and transcranial direct current stimulation (TDCS) with the current intensities of 1 and 2 mA on recovery during the recovery period quality of subsequent performance of male swimmers.The research metho MoreThis study aimed to investigate the effects of cold-water immersion and transcranial direct current stimulation (TDCS) with the current intensities of 1 and 2 mA on recovery during the recovery period quality of subsequent performance of male swimmers.The research method was quasi-experimental, and the population was male swimmers over 18 years in Tehran city (n=20). They were randomly selected as a sample after successfully passing the lifeguard entrance test of 200m breaststroke less than 4 minutes in a time interval of 48hr in three days attended to participate in the games of 200m of frontal crawl with maximum intensity every day. Then, they performed one of the three protocols of Cold-Water Immersion (with 12°c), anodal stimulation (with the current intensity of 2mA), and anodal stimulation (with the current intensity of 1mA) for 15 minutes. The ratings of perceived exertion and feelings of swimmers were recorded using each recovery method by TQR and RPE questionnaires. To measure the effectiveness of the studied methods, the participants repeated 200m breaststroke with maximum intensity. To analyze the data, a dependent t-test, analysis of covariance was used.The results indicated that swimming performance significantly improved the TDCS group (with the current intensity of 2mA) (P = 0.001). The suitable current intensity of TDCS to affect reducing central fatigue and also recovery quality was better in the cold-water immersion group, and it could refer to the increase of venous return and excretion. In addition, the recovery quality was better in the cold-water immersion, and it could refer to the increase of venous return and excretion. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Developing a Model for the Role of Exercise in Leisure Time to Reduce Social Harms, Grounded Theory
Safdar Pornasrolah shahab bahrami hossein aydi Developing a model for the role of exercise in leisure time to reduce social harmful issues. This research was carried out using semi-structured interviews using the qualitative method (Grounded Theory approach). The sample consisted of 13 sports management lectur More Developing a model for the role of exercise in leisure time to reduce social harmful issues. This research was carried out using semi-structured interviews using the qualitative method (Grounded Theory approach). The sample consisted of 13 sports management lecturers (5 students), sociology lecturers (4 persons), police commanders (2 persons), and offenders (2 persons) who were selected using purposeful sampling. The data collection method was a study of previous research and interviews. To examine the face and content validity, the research findings were presented to the participants, and the study's text was studied, and their point of view was applied. The method used to examine reliability was an intra-subject agreement method. The average agreement within the subject was 0.79. Based on the findings, the causative conditions include the status of culture and social acceptance; ground conditions including socio-cultural, software,hardware; intervening conditions including architectural sites, environmental factors, demographic features; strategies including infrastructure and incentives the internal and implications included economic, behavioral, and cultural-social categories. Therefore, it is suggested to pay attention to identified indicators to reduce social harm through leisure-time exercise. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - The Developing a Structural Modeling of a Customer Loyalty in Sports Services Based on Relationship Marketing
sajad moemeni gholamreza shabanibahar majid kiyani parvin mohammadiCurrently, customer loyalty is one of the keys to success and a basis for the profitability of the Sports Clubs. Hence, the purpose of this study was to develop structural modeling of customer loyalty in sports services based on relationship marketing by using structura MoreCurrently, customer loyalty is one of the keys to success and a basis for the profitability of the Sports Clubs. Hence, the purpose of this study was to develop structural modeling of customer loyalty in sports services based on relationship marketing by using structural equation modeling partial least square method.The population was included all both customers’ genders in fitness clubs of the Hamedan city (n=376), that were selected by random sampling. Measurement tools in the study for gathering data were the relationship marketing questionnaire (Abasi, 2002) and customer loyalty questionnaire (Huang, 1998), and the validity and reliability were approved. SmartPls v.3 and IBM SPSS Softwares were used to analyze the structural equation modeling and partial least square method. The results revealed that relationship marketing had a significant effect on customer loyalty that it is equal to β=0.391. An examination of the effect of relationship marketing components on customer loyalty showed that only the quality-of-service component had a significant effect on customer loyalty (β=0.303). In conclusion, paying attention to the total relationship marketing components is a strategy to influence customer loyalty in Sports Clubs. Consequently, there is a need for club managers and owners to pay particular attention to the basic elements of relational marketing in order to retain a stable and long-term relationship with their customers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Designing a Model for the Development of Environmental Sustainability of Sports in Iran
hassan taherkhani farydeh sharififar reza nikbakhshThe purpose of this research was to design and validate a model of indicators for the development of environmental sustainability in sports. The research method was first coded from the foundation's data theory method and Strauss and Corbin's systematic design and then MoreThe purpose of this research was to design and validate a model of indicators for the development of environmental sustainability in sports. The research method was first coded from the foundation's data theory method and Strauss and Corbin's systematic design and then presented as a conceptual model. The structural equation model method was then used to analyze the effect of the derived indices. Statistical sample: Initially, 15 sports environmental specialists were chosen using a selective process involving semi-structured interviews. The following stage involved selecting 250 staff from sports facilities in Tehran at random and evaluating them using a questionnaire based on the results.The results are presented in the form of a conceptual model, the obtained indicators are environmental actors in sport, environmental behavior in sport, environmental considerations in sport, environmental domains in sport, and environmental documentation and experiences in sport. The findings revealed that there is no significant relationship between environmental actor indicators in sports and the primary phenomena. The core phenomena has no substantial influence on document indices or ambient experiences in sports. However, there is a strong correlation between environmental behavior in sports and the central phenomena, as well as between environmental concerns in sports and environmental areas in sports. The reporting of these findings can benefit sustainable development, policy development, planning, and education in the field of sports environments. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Developing Brand Value Co-Creation Model in Football
bahador haghighi hossein eydi keyvan shabanimoghadamIn sporting services, the practice of delivering value to a shared value creature has changed and advocates are involved in brand value creation. Accordingly, the present study developed a brand value Co-Creation model in football. Mixed method was used to collect data MoreIn sporting services, the practice of delivering value to a shared value creature has changed and advocates are involved in brand value creation. Accordingly, the present study developed a brand value Co-Creation model in football. Mixed method was used to collect data and the population in the qualitative part was the experts in this field. Snowball sampling was conducted with 19 individuals and theoretical saturation was obtained. Based on the results of the interview, 9 concepts were found in the prerequisites section, 5 concepts in the co-creation section, and 5 in the outcomes section. A questionnaire was developed based on the qualitative part of the research. In the exploratory factor analysis, 8 antecedents of value creation and 5 dimensions of proponents of affirmative value were confirmed by eliminating low factor loadings. Furthermore, the effect of pro-value co-creation antecedents on value co-creation has been confirmed. In conclusion, it is necessary to develop a value proposition in the process of creating a brand equivalence to achieve economic and social values at the same time. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Designing and Validation of Ethical Management Questionnaire in the Deputy of Physical Education and Health in the general offices of the Education of the western provinces of the country
sajad almasi homayon abbasi Hamid ForoghipourDue to the valuable position of sports in Iranian society, as well as the administrator of the sports community in sports organizations, ethics are expected to be emphasized in these organizations. Thus, the purpose of this study was to design and validate the ethical m MoreDue to the valuable position of sports in Iranian society, as well as the administrator of the sports community in sports organizations, ethics are expected to be emphasized in these organizations. Thus, the purpose of this study was to design and validate the ethical management questionnaire in the deputy of physical education and health of the general offices of the Education in the western provinces of Iran. This research was a kind of exploratory study with practical purposes. The targeted population consisted of the 10 managers and experts in the Ministry of Education and physical education deputies of the general offices in the west of the country. Purposive and snowball sampling methods were used for determining content validity (n=495) in 2017-2018. Using the Morgan table the size of the sample of 216 individuals was determined. In this study, Excel software for determining CVI and CVR indexes and IBM SPSS Software V.22 were used. According to the results, the value of the CVI in the questionnaire was 0.91, and the reliability of all structures and eventually, all parts of the questionnaire were 0.94 and it was confirmed. Considering that questionnaire obtained from effective variables on the ethical management in the deputy of the physical education and health of Iran’s ministry of education was confirmed. Accordingly, this questionnaire can be used in promoting ethical management in the deputy of the physical education and health of the general offices of the Education of the western provinces of the country. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Providing a Relational Model of the Physical Activity Passion and Vitality with the Enjoyment of Sports leisure, the Mediates Social Cohesion in the Employees of the Tehran Municipality Sports Organization
elahe reyahi ali zarei mohammadreza esmailil zinat nikaeeinThe present study was designed to investigate the correlation between a passion for physical activity and vitality with leisure-time enjoyment of physical activity in Tehran municipality sports organizations in 2019. A descriptive-correlational design was used for this MoreThe present study was designed to investigate the correlation between a passion for physical activity and vitality with leisure-time enjoyment of physical activity in Tehran municipality sports organizations in 2019. A descriptive-correlational design was used for this study. The population included all employees of the Tehran Municipality Sports Organization, and the statistical sample was selected by the all-round method (n=200).In this study, Marsh et al.'s (2013) Passion Scale, Ryan et al.'s (1997) Mental Vitality Scale, Groningen Stevens et al.'s (2000) Pleasure Questionnaire, and Lee and Robbins' Social Cohesion in 1995 (1995) were used. Face validity, content validity index, convergence, and construct validity and reliability (Cronbach's alpha coefficient calculation) were evaluated after collecting by a questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using SmartPls 3.0 software. The results showed that there was a significant positive causal relationship between consistent desire and enjoyment of sports leisure (β = 0.33, P = 0.001) in the employees of Tehran Municipality Sports Organization. While there was no causal relationship between extreme desire and enjoyment of sports leisure (β = 0.09, P = 0.384). Also, other results showed that there was no causal relationship between vitality and enjoyment of sports leisure (β = 0.03, P = 0.728). Similarly, there was a significant positive causal relationship between social cohesion and enjoyment of sports leisure (β = 0.85, P = 0.001). The mediating role of social cohesion in the relationship between adaptive desire, extreme desire, and vitality with the enjoyment of sports leisure in the employees of Tehran Municipality Sports Organization was a significant mediating role. It is concluded that the managers of the Tehran Municipality Sports Organization should implement sports programs for some days of the week and in the form of family festivals in order to encourage employees to participate in physical activity during their free time. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Designing a Model of Success Factors for Iranian Basketball
elham jeyhoni nasrola momamadi morteza doosti saeid amirnejadThis study aimed to develop a model of Iranian basketball success paths. A combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods was used, involving the level managers of the basketball federation and the country's sports management specialists in the qualitative MoreThis study aimed to develop a model of Iranian basketball success paths. A combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods was used, involving the level managers of the basketball federation and the country's sports management specialists in the qualitative section. In the qualitative section, a semi-structured interview was conducted with 15 members of the qualitative community to achieve theoretical saturation. In the quantitative part, considering that between 5 to 10 samples were required for each question, 322 people were considered as the sample size by stratified random sampling method. The research measurement tool in the qualitative part included a semi-structured interview and in the quantitative part a questionnaire consisted of 59 questions taken from the interview. Exploratory factor analysis was used to psychometric the research structures. In order to ensure the validity of the structure and to confirm the factors identified in the previous step (exploratory factor analysis), the factors were used using the confirmatory factor analysis test by partial square method. It is concluded that 7 factors of management, environment, social and cultural, education, economic and political, talent identification and athlete affect the success of Iranian basketball. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Identifying the Effective Factors on the Management of Iranian Basketball Club Fans
ahmad mosalman nasrola mohammadi Farshad EmamiThe purpose of this study was to identify the factors affecting the management of fans of Iranian basketball clubs. The present study was applied in terms of purpose and qualitative research using the grounded theory method. The population included top-level managers of MoreThe purpose of this study was to identify the factors affecting the management of fans of Iranian basketball clubs. The present study was applied in terms of purpose and qualitative research using the grounded theory method. The population included top-level managers of the basketball federation, sports management specialists, coaches, experts, and elites aware of the research literature in the field of basketball. The statistical sample consisted of 14 members of the qualitative community, to achieve theoretical saturation of the semi-structured interview. The research measurement tool in the qualitative section included a semi-structured interview. The reliability of the interviews was 0.78 by the method of intra-subject agreement. To analyze the data, a continuous comparison method was used during the three stages of open, axial, and selective coding. According to the results, 178 codes were obtained in the open coding stage, and 9 axes were identified in the axial coding stage. Finally, 9 factors were identified: welfare facilities, fan center, safety and security, cultural and social, information technology, design and aesthetics of stadiums, marketing, relationships, and evaluation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Presenting a Sports Tourism Development Model with Emphasis on Social Factors (Case study of Lorestan province)
porya baharan najaf aghaei Hamid ForoghipourThis study aimed to present a model for the development of sports tourism in the province of Lorestan, focusing on social factors. In this study, the research method was a survey using structural equation modeling and applied research in the field. The population of thi MoreThis study aimed to present a model for the development of sports tourism in the province of Lorestan, focusing on social factors. In this study, the research method was a survey using structural equation modeling and applied research in the field. The population of this study was all sports tourists in Lorestan province. According to Cochran's formula and cluster random sampling method in the first and second stages of non-probability, sampling method 384 persons were selected.The data-gathering tool in this study was based on expert opinions including 5 dimensions and 29 items. The social factors included security, socio-cultural, economics, tourism services, and advertising. lecturers and experts in terms of content validity approved these questionnaires. Using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, the reliability of cultural and social dimensions was 0. 94, economic 0. 97, security 0. 96, quality of tourism services 0. 92 advertisement and 0. 94. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, chart, mean and standard deviation, and inferential statistics of skewness and elongation test, t-test and SWARA, and structural equation modeling were used. The results showed that security: 30. 261, socio-cultural: 28. 121, quality of tourism services: 25. 759, economics: 25. 433 and advertisement: 20. 307 had a significant effect on the development of sports tourism in the Lorestan province. Among all of these factors, security 30. 261 has obtained the first rank in effects of sports tourism development. Furthermore, according to the structural equation modeling results, the main research model had a good fit, which indicates that the conceptual model of sport tourism development with emphasis on social factors is optimal and fits. Using all dimensions as independent variables, the Lorestan province sports tourism development can be predicted. It is concluded that authorities should focus on all social variables to design a tourism development model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Analysis of Socio-Cultural Components Affecting the Participation of Persons with Disabilities in Physical Activity
maryam kiyal mahdi naderinasab nima majediThe purpose of the current study was to examine the socio-cultural components affecting the participation of persons with disabilities in physical activity. The method of the present study was applied in terms of purpose, and its data were collected using the descriptiv MoreThe purpose of the current study was to examine the socio-cultural components affecting the participation of persons with disabilities in physical activity. The method of the present study was applied in terms of purpose, and its data were collected using the descriptive-survey method. In the qualitative section for conducting field interviews, the statistical community of the study consisted of lecturers who were aware of the issue of disabled sports, some of the managers who were engaged in the sports field of the Disabled Sports Federation, as well as disabled and veteran athletes. Objectives were selected for qualitative interviews on the topic of research (12 interviews with 12 people and continued to theoretical saturation). In the quantitative part, after collecting the data qualitatively, a questionnaire on social-cultural components affecting the participation of the disabled in physical activity was performed and this questionnaire (29 items in the form of 8 components) among the athletes with a disability (n=386) were distributed.The elongation and skidding indices are used to investigate the distribution of data (normal or abnormal) and to investigate and answer the research questions, a compilation of the model and structural model of IBM SPSS Software v.24, Smart PLS V.2.0, and Pro Max QDA v.Pro were used. The results of the study indicated that 29 conceptual codes and 8 main categories are the socio-cultural components affecting the participation of the disabled in physical activity. Consequently, the results of the present study hopefully can pave the way for those who are in charge of sports for disabled athletes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Developing a Model of Factors Affecting Strategic Thinking in The Ministry of Sport and Youth
saeid nasrolahi mozafar yektayar koroosh veysi mojgan khodamoradporThe purpose of the present study was to present a model of factors affecting strategic thinking in the Ministry of Sports and Youth. The research method was a survey using structural equation modeling and applied research in the field. The statistical population in MoreThe purpose of the present study was to present a model of factors affecting strategic thinking in the Ministry of Sports and Youth. The research method was a survey using structural equation modeling and applied research in the field. The statistical population in the qualitative section included experts familiar with the subject of research, and according to the choice of snowball, 13 people were identified as the research sample. The statistical population of the present study included a small number of all employees of the Ministry of Sports and Youth in the senior, middle and operational management levels. According to the Ministry of Sports and Youth, the research community consisted of 151 people (29 at the senior level, 29 at the intermediate level, and 109 at the operational level). The data collection tool in the present study was a semi-structured interview and a researcher-made questionnaire. The coding method was used to analyze the qualitative research data. Moreover, in a small part, Fuzzy Delphi and structural equation methods were used. The Fuzzy Delphi method was used in three stages and 53 items were identified as factors affecting the development of strategic thinking in the Ministry of Sports and Youth. In the management area, psychological factors, intuitive factors, individual factors, and systemic factors were divided into four categories. Thus, for the Ministry of Sports and Youth to develop strategic thinking it is important to make sure that management, psychological, psychological and intuitive, individual and systemic are all implemented effectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Investigating and Prioritizing the Key Indicators of Ticket Sales for Major Sporting Events in Iran
leila zakeyzade mohammadali safanejad reza nikbakhsh salahdyen naghshnandi mohsen baghryanTicket sales are one of the most effective ways to provide resources for sports clubs. Ticket sales are also one of the most lucrative industries in the country. This study was conducted to review and prioritize key indicators of ticket sales for major sporting events i MoreTicket sales are one of the most effective ways to provide resources for sports clubs. Ticket sales are also one of the most lucrative industries in the country. This study was conducted to review and prioritize key indicators of ticket sales for major sporting events in Iran. The present study is mixed.In the qualitative part, the data-based theory was used and MAXQDA software was used for content analysis. A total of 11 experts were purposefully selected to collect information. According to Mueller's rule of thumb, 370 people were considered within a confirmatory factor analysis using SPSS and AMOS software, and the AHP method was used to prioritize the factors. Based on the components of the paradigm model, 8 causal factors, 4 underlying factors, 7 intervening factors, 8 strategic factors are identified and cross-sectional consequences such as revenue and profitability; And long-term, such as creating social demand and increasing the number of spectators, attracting sponsors and securing income. In causal conditions, technology factor with relative weight (0.169), in background conditions, the factor of using standard gates with relative weight (0.279), in intervention conditions, the factor of coordination with relative weight (0.177), in strategies, culture factor with weight Relative (0.161) and the outcomes, cross-sectional outcomes with relative weight (0.562) were in the priority. Manuscript profile
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