Effect of Strength Training and Carbohydrate Supplementation on the Physical Fitness of Male Bodybuilder

Subject Areas : Sport Sciences Quarterly

ehsan fakharzadeh ¹ (بخش تربیت و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه ازاد اسلامی واحد جهرم، جهرم، ایران)
mohammadamin safari ² (دانشجوی دکتری فیزیولوژی ورزشی، گرایش بیوشیمی و متابولیسم ورزشی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روان شناسی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران)

Received: 2018-04-22 Accepted : 2020-06-20 Published : 2021-04-21

Keywords: strength training, Power, Physical fitness, bodybuilding youth, carbohydrate supplement,

Abstract :

The search for a magical substance that will give it a higher competitive level has always been a concern. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of strength training and carbohydrate supplementation on agility, flexibility, explosive power and speed of bodybuilding men. For this purpose, 36 young bodybuilders volunteered to participate in the study and were randomly divided into three experimental, placebo, and control groups. The experimental group received carbohydrate supplementation and the placebo group received placebo, but the control group did not take any supplement. Subjects in all three groups performed selected strength training with 60-80% of maximal repetition for 8 weeks, 3 sessions per week and 60 minutes each session. Agility, flexibility, explosive power and speed of subjects were measured before and after eight weeks. Data were analyzed by SPSS software and one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc test. Significant level was p≤0.05. The results showed that there was a statistically significant difference in explosive power between the groups (p = 0.019), but no significant differences were found between agility, flexibility, and speed. According to the results of the study, it can be stated that strength training combined with carbohydrate supplementation increases explosive power and it is recommended that bodybuilders, along with their exercise program, use carbohydrate supplements to improve some of their fitness factors, including their explosive power.

References:

-        Aghaalinajad, H., GHarakhanlu, R., & Yosefvand, S. (2009). Estimation of anaerobic power with a new zigzag jump test called Tarbiat Modares Anaerobic Test (TMAT). Olympic,16(2), 97-108. 

-        Apong, P. E. (2019). Nutrition and Dietary Recommendations for Bodybuilders. In Nutrition and enhanced sports performance (pp. 737-750): Elsevier.

-        Arazi, H., Damirchi, A., Moghadam, M. G., & Samadi, A. (2011). Effects of concurrent exercise protocols on strength, aerobic power, flexibility and body composition. Kinesiology: International journal of fundamental and applied kinesiology, 43(2), 155-162.

-        Arazi, H., Faraji, H., & Taheri Gandomani, R. (2007). A comparative study of effects of weight training and plymetrics on athlete’s runining pace and explosive power. Harakat, 28(2), 5-19.

-        Asadi, A., Ramirez-Campillo, R., Arazi, H., & Sáez de Villarreal, E. (2018). The effects of maturation on jumping ability and sprint adaptations to plyometric training in youth soccer players. Journal of sports sciences, 36(21), 2405-2411.

-        Baharirad, N., Komasi, S., Khatooni, A., Moradi, F., & Soroush, A. (2019). Frequency and Causes of Consuming Sports Supplements and Understanding their Side Effects Among Bodybuilders in Fitness Gyms of Kermanshah City. Current Nutrition & Food Science, 15(7), 735-744.

-        Banyard, H. G., Tufano, J. J., Delgado, J., Thompson, S. W., & Nosaka, K. (2019). Comparison of the effects of velocity-based training methods and traditional 1RM-percent-based training prescription on acute kinetic and kinematic variables. International journal of sports physiology and performance, 14(2), 246-255

-        Bertini, I., Pujia, A., & Giampietro, M. (2003). A follow-up study of the variations in the body composition of karate athletes. Acta diabetologica, 40(1), s142-s144.

-        Bianco, A., Mammina, C., Paoli, A., Bellafiore, M., Battaglia, G., Caramazza, G., .Jemni, M. (2011). Protein supplementation in strength and conditioning adepts: knowledge, dietary behavior and practice in Palermo, Italy. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 8(1), 25.

-        Bompa, T. (2009). The theory And Training Methodology (Training Science). (M. Kordi & M. Faramarzi, Trans.  Vol. 1). tehran: samt Publication, 552.

-        Bortolotti, H., Pereira, L. A., Oliveira, R. S., Cyrino, E. S., & Altimari, L. R. (2013). Carbohydrate mouth rinse does not improve repeated sprint performance. Revista Brasileira de Cineantropometria & Desempenho Humano, 15(6), 639-645.

-        Chester, M. V., & Allenby, B. (2019). Toward adaptive infrastructure: flexibility and agility in a non-stationarity age. Sustainable and Resilient Infrastructure, 4(4), 173-191.

-        Cooper, R., Naclerio, F., Allgrove, J., & Larumbe-Zabala, E. (2014). Effects of a carbohydrate and caffeine gel on intermittent sprint performance in recreationally trained males. European journal of sport science, 14(4), 353-361.

-        Currell, K., Conway, S., & Jeukendrup, A. E. (2009). Carbohydrate ingestion improves performance of a new reliable test of soccer performance. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 19(1), 34-46.

-        De Moraes, W. M., de Almeida, F. N., dos Santos, L. E., Cavalcante, K. D., Santos, H. O., Navalta, J. W., & Prestes, J. (2019). Carbohydrate Loading Practice in Bodybuilders: Effects on Muscle Thickness, Photo Silhouette Scores, Mood States and Gastrointestinal Symptoms. Journal of sports science & medicine, 18(4), 772.

-        Elbadry, N., Hamza, A., Pietraszewski, P., Alexe, D. I., & Lupu, G. (2019). Effect of the French Contrast Method on Explosive Strength and Kinematic Parameters of the Triple Jump Among Female College Athletes. Journal of human kinetics, 69, 225.

-        Falahmohammadi, Z., Pouramir, Z., Sadeghpour, B., & Samavati, M. (2011). The effect of short-term folic acid supplementation on plasma homocysteine levels in young active men following an exhausting exercise session. Olympic, 13(4), 149-159.

-        Fraser, B. J., Blizzard, L., Tomkinson, G. R., Lycett, K., Wake, M., Burgner, D., ... & Olds, T. (2019). The great leap backward: changes in the jumping performance of Australian children aged 11− 12-years between 1985 and 2015. Journal of sports sciences, 37(7), 748-754.

-        Gaeini, A. A., Choobineh, S., Shafiei Neek, L., Satarifard, S., & Mahmoodzadeh, M. (2012). Effect of Zinc supplementation on serum testosterone and plasma lactate in male cyclist after one bout of exhaustive exercise. journal of shahrekord university of medical sciences, 14(3), 51-61.

-        Ghasemnejad, M., & Iranisefat, S. (2013). Women's Fitness Reference (Vol. 1). Tehran: Publication Nashvarzesh, 230.

-        Gualdi-Russo, E., & Zaccagni, L. (2001). Somatotype, role and performance in elite volleyball players. Journal of Sports Medicine and physical fitness, 41(2), 256.

-        Hammami, M., Gaamouri, N., Shephard, R. J., & Chelly, M. S. (2019). Effects of Contrast Strength vs. Plyometric Training on Lower-Limb Explosive Performance, Ability to Change Direction and Neuromuscular Adaptation in Soccer Players. The Journal of strength & conditioning research, 33(8), 2094-2103.

-        Hervás, G., Ruiz-Litago, F., Irazusta, J., Fernández-Atutxa, A., Fraile-Bermúdez, A. B., & Zarrazquin, I. (2018). Physical activity, physical fitness, body composition, and nutrition are associated with bone status in university students. Nutrients, 10(1), 61.

-        Iraki, J., Fitschen, P., Espinar, S., & Helms, E. (2019). Nutrition recommendations for bodybuilders in the off-season: A narrative review. Sports, 7(7), 154.

-        Ishihara, T., Morita, N., Nakajima, T., Okita, K., Yamatsu, K., & Sagawa, M. (2018). Direct and indirect relationships of physical fitness, weight status, and learning duration to academic performance in Japanese schoolchildren. European journal of sport science, 18(2), 286-294.

-        Jorkesh, M., & Sadri, A. (2012). Nutrition and Applied Physiology in Sport (Vol. 1). tehran: varzesh Publication

-        Kazemzadeh, Y. (2012). Effects of Carbohydrate-Protein Intake During Exercise on Hormonal Changes and Muscular Strength After 12-Week Resistance training. Journal of Basic Applied Scientific Research, 2(6), 5945-5951.

-        Kerksick, C. M., Wilborn, C. D., Roberts, M. D., Smith-Ryan, A., Kleiner, S. M., Jäger, R., . . . Galvan, E. (2018). ISSN exercise & sports nutrition review update: research & recommendations. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 15(1), 38.

-        Lit, A. (2009). Sports nutrition for children, Adolescent and youth (F. Rahmaninia, N. Aghaii, S. Shadmehri, & N. Habibzadeh, Trans.  Vol. 1). tehran: Nashvarzesh Publication

-        Luebbers, P. E., Potteiger, J. A., Hulver, M. W., Thyfault, J. P., Carper, M. J., & Lockwood, R. H. (2003). Effects of plyometric training and recovery on vertical jump performance and anaerobic power. The Journal of strength & conditioning research, 17(4), 704-709.

-        Lynch, S. (2013). The differential effects of a complex protein drink versus isocaloric carbohydrate drink on performance indices following high-intensity resistance training: a two-arm crossover design. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 10(1), 31.

-        Morris, J., Nevill, M., Thompson, D., Collie, J., & Williams, C. (2003). The influence of a 6.5% carbohydrate-electrolyte solution on performance of prolonged intermittent high-intensity running at 30 C. Journal of Sports Sciences, 21(5), 371-381.

-        Nabavi, M., & Khaldan, A. (2006). Effect of Football Exercise Program on Physical Fitness Factors of 11-17-year-old boys. Harkat, 22(1), 87-104.

-        Noobrega, A. C., Paula, K. C., & Carvalho, A. C. G. (2005). Interaction between resistance training and flexibility training in healthy young adults. The Journal of strength & conditioning research, 19(4), 842-846.

-        Sarah, J., Lisman, P., Gribbin, T. C., Murphy, K., & Deuster, P. A. (2019). Systematic review of the association between physical fitness and musculoskeletal injury risk: part 3—flexibility, power, speed, balance, and agility. The Journal of strength & conditioning research, 33(6), 1723-1735.

-        Sharma, S. K., & Sridhar, K. (2019). Effects of concurrent strength and endurance training on explosive power. International Journal of Physical Education Sports Management and Yogic Sciences, 9(1), 9-12.

-        Vescovi, J., & Vanheest, J. L. (2010). Effects of an anterior cruciate ligament injury prevention program on performance in adolescent female soccer players. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports, 20(3), 394-402.