The Effect of Adding Different Level of Fennel Extracted on the Fertility of Drosophila melanogaster and its Effect on the Density of Probiotics in its Intestine Using Qreal-Time PCR Technique
Subject Areas :ابوالحسن رضایی 1 , Masood Ghane 2 , sheida Akhshabi 3
1 - گروه ژنتیک، دانشکده زیست شناسی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تنکابن، تنکابن، ایران
2 - Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Microbiology, Islamic Azad University Tonekabon Branch, Iran
3 - Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Genetics, Islamic Azad University Tonekabon Branch, Iran
Keywords: expression, Drosophila melanogaster, Fennel extraction, probiotics,
Abstract :
IInroduction & Objective:The aim of this study, was additive extraxted fennel in the medium for increasing reproductive performance, concentration of probiotices by using qRT-PCR technique.Materials and Methods:In the present study, fennel extracted was divided into different concentrations. Concentrations including 25, 50 and 75 µg /ml were added to the culture medium. In addition, a control sample was used to confirm the results. Parameters of mating latency and copulation duration, was measured by coronometr instrument. Fecundity and fertility also were count by Loop on the medium. The flies were studied for two months.Results: In this study, concentration of 25,50,75 µg/ ml and control group was used. The results showed concentration of 75µg/ml was significant decreasing mating latency and increasing copulation duration, fecundity and fertility parameters were showed. Moreover were confirmed lactobacilus brevis by PCR technique In addition using qRT-PCR technique and confirmed higher expression in 16srDNA when used 75µg/ml concentration.Conclusion: According to the present study, the higher fennel extracted has been effective on gene expression in probiotics and also on the reproductive performance of flies showed.
منابع
1-طاهریان،ع.، دهقانیان، م. 1386. بررسی اثر عصاره آبی میوه گیاه رازیانه(Foeniculum vulgare ) بر تعدیل درد نوروژنیک و درد التهابی در موش سوری درمدل ارزیابی درد فرمالین، مجله علمی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی کردستان، دوره دوازدهم،شماره 2، صفحه 35 -28.
2- نیتی، م. 1394. بررسی اثر ضد تریکومونایی عصاره های گیاهان ریواس و رازیانه بر روی تریکوموناس واژینالیس در شرایط آزمایشگاهی. مجلّه طب سنّتی اسلام و ایران، سال ششم، شماره سوم، 13-15.
3.Agrawal, N., Pallos, J., Slepko, N., Apostol, BL., Bodai, L. (2005). Identification of combinatorial drug regimens for treatment of Huntington's disease using Drosophila. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA; 102; 3777-3781.
4.Apun‐Molina, JP., Miranda, AS., Gonzalez, AL., Martinez‐Diaz, S.F., Rojas‐Contreras, M. (2009). Effect of potential probiotic bacteria on growth and survival of tilapia Oreochromis niloticus L., cultured in the laboratory under high density and sub‐optimum temperature. Aquaculture Research, 4; 887– 894
5.Apidianakis, Y., Rahme, LG. (2011). Drosophila melanogaster as a model for human intestinal infection and pathology. Dis Model Mech, 4; 21-30.
6.Aymerich, T., Holo H., Håvarstein LS., Hugas, M., Garriga, M., Nes, IF. (1996). Biochemical and genetic characterization of enterocin A form Enterococcus faecium, a new antilisterial bacteriocin in the pediocin family of bacteriocins. Appl Environ Microb, 62; 1676-1682.
7.Apidianakis, Y., Que, YA., Xu, W., Tegos, GP., Zimniak, P., Hamblin, MR. (2012). Down-regulation of glutatione S-transferase α 4 (hGSTA4) in the muscle of thermally injured patients is indicative of susceptibility to bacterial infection. FASEB J, 26(2); 730–737.
8.Buchon, N., Broderick, NA., Chakrabarti, S., Lemaitre, B. (2009a). Invasive and indigenous microbiota impact intestinal stem cell activity through multiple pathways in Drosophila. Genes Dev, 23; 2333–2344.
9.Bangham, J., Chapman, T., Partridge, L. (2002). Effects of body size, accessory gland and testis size on pre- and postcopulatory success in Drosophila melanogaster. Anim. Behav, 64; 915–921.
10.Baird, DT., Collins, J., Egozcue, J., Evers, LH., Gianaroli, L., Leridon, H. (2005). Fertility and ageing. Hum Reprod Update, 11; 261-76.
11.Castro, AF., Coresh, J. (2009). CKD surveillance using laboratory data from the populationbased National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Am. J. Kidney, 53; S46-55.
12.Choi, EM., Hwang, JK. (2004). Antiinflammatory analgesic and antioxidant activities of the fruit of Foeniculum vulgare. Fitoterapia, 75; 557-565.
13.Chapman, TLF., Liddle, JM., Kalb, MF., Partridge, L. (1995). Cost of mating in Drosophila melanogaster females is mediated by male accessory gland products. Nature, 373; 241-244.
14.Chapman, T., Davies, SJ. (2004). Functions and analysis of the seminal fluid proteins of male Drosophila melanogaster fruit flies. Peptides, 25; 1477-1490.
15.Corby Harris, V., Pontaroli, AC., Shimkets, LJ., Bennetzen, JL., Habel, KE. (2007) Geographical distribution and diversity of bacteria associated with natural populations of
Drosophila melanogaster. Applied and Environmental Microbiology,73; 3470-3479.
16.Coulthart, MB., Singh, RS. (1988). Low genie variation in male-reproductive tract proteins of Drosophila melanogaster and D. simulans. Mol Biol Evol., 5; 167-181.
17.Franklin, A., Acar, J., Anthony, F., Gupta, R., Nicholls, T., Tamura, Y. (2001). Antimicrobial resistance: harmonisation of national antimicrobial resistance monitoring and surveillance programmes in animals and in animal derived food. Scientific and Technical Review of the Office International des Epizooties (Paris), 20; 859–870.
18.Fujiki, H., Sueoka, E., Watanabe, T., Suganuma, M. (2015). Primary cancer prevention by green tea, and tertiary cancer prevention by the combination of green tea catechins and anticancer compounds. Journal of Cancer Prevention, 20(1); 1–4.
19.Forester, S. C., Lambert, J. D. (2011). The role of antioxidant versus pro-oxidant effects of green tea polyphenols in cancer prevention. Molecular Nutrition and Food Research, 55(6); 844- 854.
20.Gildberg, A., Mikkelsen, H. (1998). Effect of supplementing the feed of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) fry with lactic acid bacteria and immunostimulating peptides during a challenge trial with Vibrio anguillarum. Aquaculture, 167; 103–113.
21.Gatesoupe, F.J. (1994). Lactic acid bacteria increase the resistance of turbot larvae, Scophthalmus maximus, against pathogenic Vibrio. Aquat. Living Resour, 7; 277–282.
22.Hedges, LM., JC., Brownlie SL.,’Neill, O., Johnson, KN. (2008). Wolbachia and Virus Protection in Insects. Science, 322; 702.
23.Healy, DL., Trounson, AO., Andersen, AN. (1994). Female infertility: causes and treatment. Lancet, 343; 1539-44.
24.Ingman-Baker, J. Candido, E.P.M. (1980). Proteins of the Drosophila melanogaster male reproductive system: Two dimensional gel patterns of proteins synthesized in the XO, XY, and XYY testis and paragonial gland and evidence that the Y chromosome does not code for structural sperm proteins. Biochem. Genet, 18; 809-828.
25.Khani, B., Mehrabian, F., Khalesi, E., Eshraghi, A. (2011). Effect of soy phytoestrogen on metabolic and hormonal disturbance of women with PCOS. J Res Med Sci, 16; 297- 230.
26.Khazaei, M., Montaseri, A., Khazaei, MR., Khanahmadi, M. (2011). Study of Foeniculum vulgare effect on folliculogenesis in female mice. Int J Fertil Steril., 5; 122-7.
27.Kumazaki, T., Hamada, K., Mitsui, Y. (1994). Detection of mRNA expression in a single cell by direct RT-PCR. Biotechniques, 16; 1017–1019.
28.Lau, DC., Yan, H., Dhillon, B. (2006). Metabolic syndrome: a marker of patients at high cardiovascular risk. Can J Cardiol., 22; 85B-90B.
29.Lee, DH., Jeong, HS., Kim, TE., Oh, Sh., Kim, IS. (2008). Real-Time RT-PCR for validation of reovirus type 3 safety during the manufacture of mammalian cell culture-derived biopharmaceuticals. Korean. J. Microbiol., 44(2); 56-65
30.Mirzayi, F., Kazemi, N. (2008). Prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome in women with type 2 diabetes in Kerman, Iran. Metab Syndr Relat Disord, 6; 215-217.
31.Ostad, SN., Soodi, M., Shariffzadeh, M., Khorshidi, N., Marzban, H. (2001).The effect of fennel essential oil on uterine contraction as a model for dysmenorrhea, pharmacology and toxicology study. J Ethnopharmacology,76; 299-304.
32.Panayidou, S., Ioannidou, E., Apidianakis, Y. (2014). Human pathogenic bacteria, fungi, and viruses in Drosophilae: Disease modeling, lessons, and shortcomings. Virulence, 5; 253-269.
33.Senatore, F., Oliviero, F., Scandolera, E., Taglialatela-Scafati, O., Roscigno, G., Zaccardelli, M. (2013) Chemical composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of anethole-rich oil from leaves of selected varieties of fennel [Foeniculum vulgare Mill. ssp. vulgare var. azoricum (Mill.) Thell]. Fitoterapia, 90; 214-9.
34.Schmidt, T., Stumm-Zollinger, E., Chen, P.S. (1985). Protein metabolism of Drosophila melanogaster male accessory glands-III. Stimulation of protein synthesis following copulation. Insect Biochemistry,15;391–401.
35.Stevenson, FT., Wheeldon, CM., Gades, MD., Kaysen, GA., Stern, JS., van Goor, H. (2000). Estrogen worsens incipient hypertriglyceridemic glomerular injury in the obese. Zucker rat. Kidney Int, 57; 1927- 1935.
36.Tajabadi, N., Mardan, M., Manap, M. Y. A., Shuhaimi, M., Meimandipour, A., Natheghi, L. (2011). Detection and identification of Lactobacillus bacteria found in the honey stomach of the giant honeybee Apis dorsata. Apidologie, 42; 642.946
37.Whalen, M., Wilson, G.T. (1986). Variation and genomic localization of genes encoding Drosophila melanogaster accessory gland proteins separated by SDSPAGE. Genetics, 114; 77-92.
38.Wolfner, MF. (1997). Tokens of love: functions and regulation of Drosophila male accessory gland products. Insect Biochem Mol Biol., 27;179–192.
39.Wolfner, M. F. (2002). The gifts that keep on giving: physiological functions and evolutionary dynamics of male seminal proteins in Drosophila. Heredity, 88; 85–93.
_||_