A Review of microRNA Applications for Enhancing Biological Processes and Promoting Fish Health
Subject Areas : Molecular detection of biochemical and genetic markersGita Pournik 1 , Mohammad Reza Bigdeli 2 * , Maryam Bananej 3 , Kavous Nazari 4
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2 - Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
3 - Department of Biology, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
4 - Agricultural Research and Education Organization of Iran, Tehran
Keywords: Biomarker, Immune response, miRNA, Regulation of gene expression, Sustainable aquaculture ,
Abstract :
Background and Objective: MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding molecules approximately 22 nucleotides in length, are recognized as key regulators of gene expression at the post-transcriptional level and play a fundamental role in modulating immune responses and enabling fish adaptation to diseases and environmental stressors. By modulating antiviral pathways, enhancing resistance to physicochemical stresses, and directing cellular growth and differentiation processes, miRNAs provide the necessary basis for improving the health and biological performance of aquatic animals. This study aims to elucidate the biological and functional roles of miRNAs in fish and to examine their potential applications for enhancing health and sustainability in the aquaculture industry.
Materials and Methods: This work was conducted as a narrative review. Relevant scientific resources—including research articles, review papers, and technical reports published in reputable international and national databases—were systematically searched and selected. Information was collected using a library-based approach, and data were analyzed through critical evaluation and comparative interpretation of the available evidence.
Results: Evidence indicates that miRNAs are actively involved in multiple pathways related to immunity, disease resistance, and environmental stress adaptation in fish. They can serve as innovative tools for developing rapid disease diagnostic systems, targeted molecular therapies, and advanced breeding programs. Moreover, miRNA-based technologies have the potential to reduce mortality, increase productivity, and improve product quality in aquaculture.
Conclusion: The findings highlight the high potential of miRNA applications in transitioning from reactive to predictive and intelligent aquatic animal health management. Achieving this shift requires investment in research infrastructure, training of specialized personnel, and the development of locally adapted technologies. Implementing such approaches could significantly enhance the sustainability and competitiveness of the aquaculture industry at both national and international levels.
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