Study on the effects of induced obesity combined with garlic extract supplementation and aerobic exercise on the expression levels of semaphorin a3, e3 genes and plexin 1a, 2a, and neuropilin 1 receptors in the hypothalamic tissue of Wistar rats

Subject Areas : Molecular detection of biochemical and genetic markers

Parastoo Roshandel ¹ , Reza Rezaeeshirazi ² , Sayyed-Javad Ziaolhagh ^{3 *} , Neda Aghaei ⁴

1 - Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Human Sciences, Ali-Abad Katool Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ali-Abad Katool, Iran
2 - Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Aliabad Katoul Branch, Islamic Azad University, Aliabad Katoul, Iran
3 - گروه تربیت بدنی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد شاهرود، شاهرود
4 - Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Human Sciences, Ali-Abad Katool Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ali-Abad Katool, Iran

Received: 2024-07-05 Accepted : 2024-12-02 Published : 2024-12-31

Keywords: Obesity, Semaphorin Group 3, Plexin, Neuropilin, Garlic Extract, Aerobic Exercise,

Abstract :

Background & aim: The expression of semaphorin a3, e3, plexin 1a, 2a, and neuroplein 1 genes plays an important role in regulating the growth and development of fat cells and may be involved in processes related to obesity and metabolism. The present study aims to investigate the effect of obesity induction on the expression of semaphorin a3, e3, plexin 1a, 2a, and neuroplein 1 genes along with garlic extract supplementation and aerobic activity in Wistar rats.

Materials & Methods: In this study, 35 male Wistar rats were tested for obesity induction for 12 weeks with a high-fat diet. They were randomly divided into 5 groups: control, obese, obese + garlic, obese + aerobic exercise, and obese + garlic + aerobic exercise. Aerobic exercises included 30 minutes of running per day, 8 m/min, 5 days a week for 12 weeks, and garlic extract was added to daily water intake. Relative gene expression changes were measured by real-time PCR. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to analyze the results.

Results: High-fat diet increased weight. Semaphorin a3 gene expression was significantly increased by high-fat diet, but aerobic and combined exercise decreased expression. Extract and exercise significantly increased gene expression. Plexin a1 gene expression was significantly increased by high-fat diet. A significant decrease was observed in the extract and combined groups. This gene also showed a significant decrease in the extract group compared to the aerobic group. Neuroplein 1 gene expression had a similar pattern to Plexin a2.

Conclusion: Semaphorin a3 gene expression increased with high-fat diet and decreased with exercise and garlic extract. Semaphorin e3 gene expression decreased with high-fat diet but increased with interventions. Plexin A1 gene expression is increased by a high-fat diet and decreased by interventions.

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