Effect of Phosphate Solubilizing Rhizobacteria on the Growth of Maize in the Seedling Stage

Subject Areas : Journal of Quality and Durability of Agricultural Products and Food Stuffs

Farzaneh Mohammadi ¹ (M.S, Department of Microbiology, Kerman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran)
Farokh Rokhbakhsh-Zamin ² (Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology, Kerman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran)
Sayed MohammadReza Khoshroo ³ (Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology, Kerman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran)

Received: 2021-09-05 Accepted : 2021-09-17 Published : 2021-10-02

Keywords:

Abstract :

There is a great consideration on the usage of biofertilizers as the alternative for chemical fertilizers. Some species of Enterobacter are described to be used in biofertilizers with direct and indirect plant growth promotion. This research aims to isolate phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) and evaluate their effects on maize growth. So, rhizobacteria were isolated from the maize rhizosphere, and screening was performed on Sperber and Zinc oxide media. Other rhizobacterial traits such as ammonia and hydrogen cyanide production, nitrogen fixation, nitrate reduction, and the effect of environmental factors were also evaluated. Out of 42 PSB, 5 isolated strains with the best results were used for further tests and they were identified based on their 16S rRNA gene sequence as Enterobacter cloacae, Enterobacter hermoche, and Enterobacter sp. All selected strains were able to solubilize phosphate and zinc and could tolerate NaCl up to 7% and grow in pH 5 to 9, and finally, they could grow in temperatures in a range of 4 to 44oC. All 5 isolates could significantly increase shoot height and root length, and wet weight of shoot and root. Finally, according to the in-vitro and in-vivo results, the evaluated capabilities of bacterial strains isolated from maize are attractive and highlighted and it makes them good candidates for the construction of novel biofertilizers.

References:

1-Fathi A. Effect of phosphate solubiliz-ation microorganisms and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on yield and yield components of corn. Scientia Agric-ulturae. 2017;18(3):66-9. 2-Rosas SB, Rovera M, Andres J, Correa N, editors. Effect of phosphorous solubil-izing bacteria on the rhizobia-legume simbiosis. First international meeting on microbial phosphate solubilization. Spri-nger;2007. 3-Zaidi A, Khan MS. Co-inoculation effe-cts of phosphate solubilizing microorga-nisms and Glomus fasciculatum on green gram-Bradyrhizobium symbiosis. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry. 2006;30(3):223-30. 4-Roesti D, Gaur R, Johri B, Imfeld G, Sharma S, Kawaljeet K, et al. Plant growth stage, fertiliser management and bio-inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and plant growth promoting rhizob-acteria affect the rhizobacterial commu-nity structure in rain-fed wheat fields. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 2006; 38(5):1111-20. 5-Rudresh D, Shivaprakash M, Prasad R. Effect of combined application of Rhizo-bium, phosphate solubilizing bacterium and Trichoderma spp. on growth, nutrient uptake and yield of chickpea (Cicer aritenium L.). Applied soil ecology. 2005;28(2):139-46. 6-Nagaraju Y, Triveni S, Subhashreddy R, Jhansi P. Biofilm formation of zinc solu-bilizing, potassium releasing bacteria on the surface of fungi. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences. 2017;6(4):2037-47. 7-Shakeela S, Padder S, Bhat Z. Isolation and characterization of plant growth pro-moting rhizobacteria associated with me-dicinal plant Picrorhiza Kurroa. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry. 2017;6(3):157-68. 8-Ramachandran K, Srinivasan V, Hamza S, Anandaraj M, editors. Phosphate solu-bilizing bacteria isolated from the rhizos-phere soil and its growth promotion on black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) cuttings. First international meeting on microbial phosphate solubilization. Springer;2007. 9-Rokhbakhsh-Zamin F, Sachdev D, Kaze-mi-Pour N, Engineer A, Pardesi KR, Zinjarde S, et al. Characterization of pla-nt-growth-promoting traits of Acineto-bacter species isolated from rhizosphere of Pennisetum glaucum. Journal of Micr-obiology and Biotechnology. 2011;21(6): 556-66. 10-Singh R, Pandey D, Kumar A, Singh M. PGPR isolates from the rhizosphere of vegetable crop Momordica charantia: ch-aracterization and application as bio-fertilizer. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences. 2017;6(3):1789-802. 11-Moustaine M, Elkahkahi R, Benbo-uazza A, Benkirane R, Achbani E. Effect of plant growth promoting rhizobacterial (PGPR) inoculation on growth in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) and character-ization for direct PGP abilities in Mor-occo. International Journal of Environ-ment, Agriculture and Biotechnology. 2017;2(2):238708. 12-Mandal S, Dutta P, Majumdar S. Plant growth promoting and antagonistic act-ivity of Bacillus strains isolated from rice rhizosphere. International Journal of Pha-rma and Bio Sciences. 2017;8:408-15. 13-Shruti K, Arun K, Yuvneet R. Potential plant growth-promoting activity of rhizo-bacteria Pseudomonas sp in Oryza sativa. Journal of Natural Product and Plant Resource. 2013;3(4):38-50. 14-Paul EA. Soil Microbiology, Ecology, and Biochemistry. Academic Press;2007. 15-Zabihi H, Savabghi GH, Khavazi K, Ganjali A. Response of wheat growth and yield to application of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria at various levels of phosphorus fertilization. Iranian jou-rnal of field crops research. 2009;7(1):41-51. [In Persian] 16-Gammack SM, Paterson E, Kemp JS, Cresser MS, Killham K. Factors affecting the movement of microorganisms in soils. Soil biochemistry. 1992;7:263-305. 17-Farooq N, Raheem A, Ali B. Water-borne Escherichia coli: Biosafety and screening as plant growth promoting rhiz-obacteria. Journal of pure and applied microbiology. 2014;8(5):3963-71. 18-De Gregorio PR, Michavila G, Ricci-ardi Muller L, de Souza Borges C, Pom-ares MF, Saccol de Sá EL, et al. Ben-eficial rhizobacteria immobilized in nan-ofibers for potential application as soy-bean seed bioinoculants. Plos one. 2017; 12(5):e0176930. 19-Katiyar D, Hemantaranjan A, Singh B, Malakar AK. Isolation and characte-rization of plant growth promoting rhizo-bacteria Enterobacter hormaechei and their suppression efficacy against Collet-otrichum falcatum in combination with Chitosan. International Journal of Plant & Soil Science. 2017:1-12. 20-de Lillo A, Ashley FP, Palmer RM, Munson MA, Kyriacou L, Weightman AJ, et al. Novel subgingival bacterial phylotypes detected using multiple univ-ersal polymerase chain reaction primer sets. Oral Microbiol Immunol. 2006; 21(1):61-8. 21-Frank JA, Reich CI, Sharma S, Wei-sbaum JS, Wilson BA, Olsen GJ. Critical evaluation of two primers commonly used for amplification of bacterial 16S rRNA genes. Applied and environmental microbiology. 2008;74(8):2461-70. 22-Palkova L, Tomova A, Repiska G, Babinska K, Bokor B, Mikula I, et al. Evaluation of 16S rRNA primer sets for characterisation of microbiota in paedi-atric patients with autism spectrum disorder. Scientific Reports. 2021;11(1): 6781. 23-Sunithakumari K, Devi SP, Vasandha S. Zinc solubilizing bacterial isolates from the agricultural fields of Coimba-tore, Tamil Nadu, India. Current Science. 2016:196-205.

_||_