Investigating the antibacterial effects of methanolic extract of Myristica fragrans against broad-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Staphylococcus aureus isolates

Subject Areas : Journal of Quality and Durability of Agricultural Products and Food Stuffs

Elham Nikouie ¹ , Ashraf Kariminik ²

1 - Msc, Department of Microbiology, Kerman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran
2 - Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology, Kerman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran

Received: 2023-05-20 Accepted : 2023-07-03 Published : 2023-09-12

Keywords: Staphylococcus aureus, Beta-lactamase, Antibacterial activity, Myristica fragrans,

Abstract :

The increasing development of antibiotic resistance of bacteria has provided the basis for replacing antimicrobial agents with plant origin and with less side effects. This research is a type of laboratory study that was conducted with the aim of determining the antibacterial effect of Myristica fragrans on staphylococcus isolates beta lactamase producing antibiotics. The methanol extract of the plant was prepared by maceration method. The extract was filtered with Whatman No.1 paper and concentrated by rotary evaporator system. Different concentrations of 200, 100, 80, 40, 20, 10, 5, 2.5, 1.25, 0.625 of the extract were prepared in DMSO: Methanol (1:1v/v) solvent. Identification of beta-lactamase producing isolates was done by phenotypic method with cefotaxime antibiotic discs and cefotaxime / clavulanic acid combined disc. Antibacterial activity against 40 isolates of beta-lactamase-producing isolates was investigated by agar wells diffusion method. After incubation for 24 hours at 37°C, the sensitivity of bacteria was determined by measuring the diameter of the growth inhibition zone. Based on the results, out of 60 Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, 67% of isolates were beta-lactamase producers, respectively. All isolates of Staphylococcus aureus showed sensitivity to Myristica fragrans extract, and the average of minimum growth inhibition concentration to beta-lactamase-producing Staphylococcus aureus was 10 mg/ml. Due to increasing antibiotic resistance, it seems that Myristica fragrans extract can be used against beta-lactam-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains in controlling infections, and in this regard, isolation and identification of the effective substances of the plant extract it is suggested.

References:

1. Reddy S, Barathe P, Kaur K, Anand U, Shriram V, Kumar V. Antimicrobial resis-tance and medicinal plant products as pot-ential alternatives to antibiotics in animal husbandry. Antimicrobial Resistance: Un-derlying Mechanisms and Therapeutic Ap-proaches. 2022;1:357-384.


2. Patade SV, Philip VV, Amin HM, Mu-kherjee D, Khan AN, Nair SS, et al. Ant-ibacterial potential of plant extracts on ESBL and carbapenemase producing path-ogens. GSC Biological and Pharmac-eutical Sciences. 2020;10(3):173-83.


3. Ginovyan M, Petrosyan M, Trchounian A. Antimicrobial activity of some plant materials used in Armenian traditional medicine. BMC complementary and alternative medicine. 2017;17(1):50.


4. Naeem N, Rehman R, Mushtaq A, Gh-ania JB. Nutmeg: A review on uses and biological properties. International Journal of Chemical and Biochemical Sciences. 2016;9:107-10.


5. Ashokkumar K, Simal‐Gandara J, Mur-ugan M, Dhanya MK, Pandian A. Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt.) essential oil: A review on its composition, biological, and pharmacological activities. Phytotherapy Research. 2022;36(7):2839-51.


6. Cakupewa MF, Mukeba FB, Mulonda AB, de Dieu J, Mokoso M, Idrissa AZ. Antibacterial activities of 13 medicinal plants used against infectious and parasitic diseases in Kinshasa and its surroundings, DR Congo. IJBPSA. 2022;3(02):039-47.


7. Ahmed SH, Tolba S, Al Zawahry YA. Evaluation of the role of bla genes in beta lactam and methicillin resistant Staphylo-coccus aureus. Egyptian Journal of Bota-ny. 2019;59(1):29-38.


8. Dhara L, Tripathi A. The use of eugenol in combination with cefotaxime and cipr-ofloxacin to combat ESBL‐producing qui-nolone‐resistant pathogenic Enterobacter-iaceae. Journal of Applied Microbiology. 2020;129(6):1566-76.


9. Hassan A, Ullah H. Antibacterial and antifungal activities of the medicinal plant veronica biloba. Journal of chemistry. 2019;2019:1-7.


10. Shahabinejad S, Kariminik A. Anti-bacterial activity of methanol extract of Lawsonia inermis against uropathogenic bacteria. MicroMedicine. 2019;7(2):31-6.


11. Crespo-Piazuelo D, Lawlor PG. Liv-estock-associated methicillin-resistant St-aphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA) preval-ence in humans in close contact with anim-als and measures to reduce on-farm colon-isation. Irish Veterinary Journal. 2021;-74:1-12.


12. Ibrahim KM, Naem RK, Abd-Sahib AS. Antibacterial activity of nutmeg (My-ristica fragrans) seed extracts against some pathogenic bacteria. Al-Nahrain Journal of Science. 2013;16(2):188-92.


13. Shafiei Z, Shuhairi NN, Md Fazly Shah Yap N, Harry Sibungkil C-A, Latip J. Antibacterial activity of Myristica fragrans against oral pathogens. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2012;2012.


14. Nikolic V, Nikolic L, Dinic A, Gajic I, Urosevic M, Stanojevic L, et al. Chemical composition, antioxidant and antimi-crobial activity of nutmeg (Myristica frag-rans Houtt.) seed essential oil. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants. 2021;24(2):-218-27.


15. Akbarian Meymand M J, Faraji kafsh-gari S, Mahmodi E, Vatankhah M. The Effect of using microwave pretreatment in drying roots nutmeg on antimicrobial properties against pathogenic bacteria and spoilage molds. Iran J Med Microbiol 2015; 9 (2) :47-55.