Synthesis and study of the highly effective catalytic activity of the Pt-LaFeO3 nanoparticles supported on polyaniline-chitosan for methanol electro-oxidation

Subject Areas :

Somaye  Khammarnia ¹ (PhD student, Chemistry Department, Payame Noor University, 19395-4697, Tehran, Iran)
Jilla  Saffari ² (Assistant professor, Department of Chemistry, Zahedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zahedan, Iran)
Mehri-Saddat  Ekrami-Kakhki ³ (Assistant professor, Central Research Laboratory, Esfarayen University of Technology, Esfarayen, North Khorasan, Iran)
Alireza  Akbari ⁴ (Associate professor, Chemistry Department, Payame Noor University, 19395-4697, Tehran, Iran)

Received: 2019-08-04 Accepted : 2020-01-05 Published : 2019-12-22

Keywords: Polyaniline, Chitosan, LaFeO3, Pt, Methanol Electro-oxidation,

Abstract :

In this study, polyaniline (PA) accompanied by chitosan (CH) were used as effective and proper support for nanoparticles. LaFeO3 (LFO) nanoparticles were synthesized by sol-gel method and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) techniques. Pt-LFO/PA-CH nanocatalyst was prepared by chemical reduction of H2PtCl6 by NaBH4 on PA-CH support in the presence of LFO nanoparticles. The morphology and distribution of nanoparticles were determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images. The catalytic activity of Pt-LFO/PA-CH nanocatalyst for methanol electro-oxidation was studied through cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The effects of some experimental factors for methanol electro-oxidation, such as methanol concentration, scan rate and temperature were studied on the prepared catalyst. The activation energy of the anodic peak of methanol oxidation at Pt-LFO/PA-CH was also calculated and its value was obtained 14.17 kJ mol-1. The catalytic activity of Pt-LFO/PA-CH catalyst for methanol electro-oxidation was compared with Pt/PA-CH catalyst. The electrochemically active surface area of Pt-LFO/PA-CH catalyst (77.46 m2g-1Pt) was obtained more than Pt/PA-CH (54.69 m2g-1Pt). At methanol concentration of 1.76 M, the anodic peak current density of methanol oxidation at Pt-LFO/PA-CH (377.58 mA cm-2) was obtained more than Pt/PA-CH catalyst (203.67 mA cm-2). Higher electrochemically active surface area and current density of Pt-LFO/PA-CH for methanol oxidation indicating very improved catalytic activity of Pt-LFO/PA-CH for methanol electro-oxidation. Thus, the prepared catalyst can be utilized as effective catalyst for methanol electro-oxidation in direct methanol fuel cells.

References:

 

[1]       ر. خالقیان مقدم، "بررسی فعالیت کاتالیستی نانوکامپوزیت پالادیم- نانولوله های کربنی جهت الکترواکسایش متانول در پیل های سوختی و مقایسه آن با کاتالیست پلاتینی"، فصلنامه علمی پژوهشی- فرآیندهای نوین در مهندسی مواد، دوره 11، شماره 1، صفحه 161-168، 1396.  

 

[2]     S. T. Hunt, M. Milina, A. C. Alba-Rubio, C. H. Hendon, J. A. Dumesic & Y. Román-Leshkov, “Self-assembly of noble metal monolayers on transition metal carbide nanoparticle catalysts”, Science, Vol. 352, pp. 974–978, 2016.

 

[3]     S. Mondal & S. Malik, “Easy synthesis approach of Pt-nanoparticles on polyaniline surface: an efficient electro-catalyst for methanol oxidation reaction”, J. Power Sources, Vol. 328, pp. 271–279, 2016.

 

[4]     M. E. Scofield, C. Koenigsmann, L. Wang, H. Liu & S. S. Wong, “Tailoring the composition of ultrathin, ternary alloy PtRuFe nanowires for the methanol oxidation reaction and formic acid oxidation reaction”, Energy Environ. Sci., Vol. 8, pp. 350–363, 2015.

 

[5]     J. Suntivich, Z. Xu, C. E. Carlton, J. Kim, B. Han, S. W. Lee, N. Bonnet, N. Marzari, L. F. Allard, H. A. Gasteiger, K. Hamad-Schifferli & Y. Shao-Horn, “Surface composition tuning of Au-Pt bimetallic nanoparticles for enhanced carbon monoxide and methanol electro-oxidation”, J. Am. Chem. Soc., Vol. 135, pp. 7985–7991, 2013.

 

[6]     Q. Chang, Y. Xu, Z. Duan, F. Xiao, F. Fu, Y. Hong, J. Kim, S. I. Choi, D. Su & M. Shao, “Structural evolution of sub-10 nm octahedral platinum-nickel bimetallic nanocrystals”, Nano Lett., Vol. 17, pp. 3926–3931, 2017.

 

[7]     P. Wang, X. Zhang, J. Zhang, S. Wan, S. Guo, G. Lu, J. Yao & X. Huang, “Precise tuning in platinum-nickel/nickel sulfide interface nanowires for synergistic hydrogen evolution catalysis”, Nat. Commun., Vol. 8, pp. 14580, 2017.

 

[8]     J. Li, H. Rong, X. Tong, P. Wang, T. Chen & Z. Wang, “Platinum-silver alloyed octahedral nanocrystals as electrocatalyst for methanol oxidation reaction”, J. Colloid Interf. Sci., Vol. 513, pp. 251–257, 2017.

 

[9]     K. W. Park, J. H. Choi, B. K. Kwon, S. A. Lee, Y. E. Sung, H. Y. Ha, S. A. Hong, H. Kim & A. Wieckowski, “Chemical and electronic effects of Ni in Pt/Ni and Pt/Ru/Ni alloy nanoparticles in methanol electrooxidation”, J. Phys. Chem. B, Vol. 106, pp. 1869–1877, 2002.

 

[10] C. T. Hsieh & J. Y. Lin, “Fabrication of bimetallic Pt–M (M = Fe, Co, and Ni) nanoparticle/carbon nanotube electrocatalysts for direct methanol fuel cells”, J. Power Sources, Vol. 188, pp. 347–352, 2009.

 

[11] J. Xu, K. Hua, G. Sun, C. Wang, X. Lv & Y. Wang, “Electrooxidation of methanol on carbon nanotubes supported Pt–Fe alloy electrode”, Electrochem. Commun., Vol. 8, pp. 982–986, 2006.

 

[12] J. R. Rodriguez, R. M. Félix, E. A. Reynoso, Y. Gochi-Ponce, Y. Verde Gómez, S. Fuentes Moyado & G. Alonso-Núñez, “Synthesis of Pt and Pt-Fe nanoparticles supported on MWCNTs used as electrocatalysts in the methanol oxidation reaction”, J. Energy Chem., Vol. 23, pp. 483–490, 2014.

 

[13] Y. T. Liu, Q. B. Yuan, D. H. Duan, Z. L. Zhang, X. G. Hao, G. Q. Wei & S. B. Liu, “Electrochemical activity and stability of core–shell Fe₂O₃/Pt nanoparticles for methanol oxidation”, J. Power Sources, Vol. 243, pp. 622–629, 2013.

 

[14] Z. Tang & G. Lu, “High performance rare earth oxides LnOx (Ln = Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr and Nd) modified Pt/C electrocatalysts for methanol electrooxidation”, J. Power Sources, Vol. 162, pp. 1067–1072, 2006.

 

[15] D. M. Gu, Y. Y. Chu, Z. B. Wang, Z. Z. Jiang, G. P. Yin & Y. Liu, “Methanol oxidation on Pt/CeO₂–C electrocatalyst prepared by microwave-assisted ethylene glycol process”, Appl. Catal. B: Environ., Vol. 102, pp. 9–18, 2011.

 

[16] T. Arakawa, N. Ohara, H. Kurachi & J. Shiokawa, “Catalytic oxidation of methanol on LnCoO₃ (Ln = La, Eu) perovskite oxides”, J. Colloid Interf. Sci., Vol. 108, pp. 407–410, 1985.

 

[17] M. S. Ekrami-Kakhki, N. Farzaneh & E. Fathi, “Superior electrocatalytic activity of Pt-SrCoO_3−δ nanoparticles supported on functionalized reduced graphene oxide-chitosan for ethanol oxidation”, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 42, pp. 21131–21145, 2017.

 

[18] M. Noroozifar, M. Khorasani-Motlagh, M. S. Ekrami-Kakhki & R. Khaleghian-Moghadam, “Enhanced electrocatalytic properties of Pt-chitosan nanocomposite for direct methanol fuel cell by LaFeO₃ and carbon nanotube”, J. Power Sources, Vol. 248, pp. 130–139, 2014.

 

[19] H. C. Yu, K. Z. Fung, T. C. Guo & W. L. Chang, “Syntheses of perovskite oxides nanoparticles La_1−xSr_xMO_3−δ (M = Co and Cu) as anode electrocatalyst for direct methanol fuel cell”, Electrochim. Acta, Vol. 50, pp. 811–816, 2004.

 

[20] M. S. Ekrami-Kakhki, Z. Yavari, J. Saffari & S. A. Ekrami-Kakhki, “Perovskite-type LaFeO₃ and LaFeO₃-CNTs nanocrystals as active anode for methanol oxidation in alkaline solutions”, J. Electr. Eng., Vol. 4, pp. 88–99, 2016.

 

[21] Z. Merati, J. Basiri Parsa & R. Babaei-Sati, “Electrochemically synthesized polypyrrole/MWCNTs-Al₂O₃ ternary nanocomposites supported Pt nanoparticles toward methanol oxidation”, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 43, pp. 20993–21005, 2018.

 

[22] M. S. Ekrami-Kakhki, A. Naeimi & F. Donyagard, “Pt nanoparticles supported on a novel electrospun polyvinyl alcohol-CuO-Co₃O₄/chitosan based on Sesbania sesban plant as an electrocatalyst for direct methanol fuel cells”, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 44, pp. 1671–1685, 2019.

 

[23] G. Foti, C. Mousty, K. Novy, C. Comninellis & V. Reid, “Pt/Ti electrode preparation methods: application to the electrooxidation of isopropanol”, J. Appl. Electrochem., Vol. 30, pp. 147–151, 2000.

 

[24] Carrillo, T. J. Leo, O. Santiago, F. Acción, E. Moreno-Gordaliza & M. A. Raso, “Polypyrrole and platinum deposited onto carbon substrate to enhance direct methanol fuel cell electrodes behavior”, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 43, pp. 16913–16921, 2018. 

 

[25] R. Yan, B. Jin, D. Li, J. Zheng, Y. Li & C. Qian, “One-step electrochemically co-deposited Pt nanoparticles/polyaniline composites with raspberry structures for methanol electro-oxidation”, Synthetic Met., Vol. 235, pp. 110–114, 2018.

 

[26] L. Brožová, P. Holler, J. Kovářová, J. Stejskal & M. Trchová, “The stability of polyaniline in strongly alkaline or acidic aqueous media”, Polym. Degrad. Stabil., Vol. 93, pp. 592–600, 2008.

 

[27] F. J. Liu, L. M. Huang, T. C. Wen, C. F. Li, S. L. Huang & A. Gopalan, “Platinum particles dispersed polyaniline-modified electrodes containing sulfonated polyelectrolyte for methanol oxidation”, Synthetic Met., Vol. 158, pp. 767–774, 2008.

 

[28] W. Jin, X. Huang, H. Cheng, T. Xu, F. Wang, X. Guo, Y. Wu, Y. Ying, Y. Wen & H. Yang, “Polyaniline hollow tubes loading tiny platinum nanoparticles for boosting methanol oxidation”, Appl. Surf. Sci., Vol. 483, pp. 489–495, 2019.

 

[29] R. Yan, X. Sun, B. Jin, D. Li, J. Zheng & Y. Li, “Preparation of platinum/polyaniline/multi-walled carbon nanotube nanocomposite with sugarcoated haws structure for electrocatalytic oxidation of methanol”, Synthetic Met., Vol. 250, pp. 146–151, 2019.

 

[30] Z. Wang, G. Gao, H. Zhu, Z. Sun, H. Liu & X. Zhao, “Electrodeposition of platinum microparticle interface on conducting polymer film modified nichrome for electrocatalytic oxidation of methanol”, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 34, pp. 9334–9340, 2009.

 

[31] W. Zhou, C. Zhai, Y. Du, J. Xu & P. Yang, “Electrochemical fabrication of novel platinum-poly(5-nitroindole) composite catalyst and its application for methanol oxidation in alkaline medium”, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 34, pp. 9316–9323, 2009.

 

[32]    ف. حیدری، ر. بازرگان لاری و م. ا. بحر العلوم، "ساخت و بررسی خواص نانوکامپوزیت طبیعی و زیست سازگار کایتوسن/مگنتیت"، فصلنامه علمی پژوهشی- فرآیندهای نوین در مهندسی مواد، دوره 9، شماره 3، صفحه 247-256، 1394. 

 

[33] W. Zheng, R. Liu, D. Peng & G. Meng, “Hydrothermal synthesis of LaFeO₃ under carbonate-containing medium”, Mater. Lett., Vol. 43, pp. 19–22, 2000.

 

[34] K. Kakaei, A. Rahimi, S. Husseindoost, M. Hamidi, H. Javan & A. Balavandi, “Fabrication of Pt–CeO₂ nanoparticles supported sulfonated reduced graphene oxide as an efficient electrocatalyst for ethanol oxidation”, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 41, pp. 3861–3869, 2016.

 

[35] M. S. Ekrami-Kakhki, N. Farzaneh, S. Abbasi & B. Makiabadi, “Electrocatalytic activity of Pt nanoparticles supported on novel functionalized reduced graphene oxide-chitosan for methanol electrooxidation”, J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. El., Vol. 28, pp. 12373–12382, 2017.

 

[36] M. Noroozifarn, M. Khorasani-Motlagh, R. Khaleghian-Moghadam, M. Ekrami-Kakhki & M. Shahraki, “Incorporation effect of nanosized perovskite LaFe_0.7Co_0.3O₃ on the electrochemical activity of Pt nanoparticles-multi walled carbon nanotube composite toward methanol oxidation”, J. Solid State Chem., Vol. 201, pp. 41–47, 2013.

 

[37] H. Zhao, Z. Zheng, J. Li, H. Jia, K. Wong, Y. Zhang & W. M. Lau, “Substitute of expensive Pt with improved electrocatalytic performance and higher resistance to CO poisoning for methanol oxidation: the case of synergistic Pt-Co₃O₄ nanocomposite”, Nano-Micro Lett., Vol. 5, pp.296–302, 2013.

 

[38] R. S. Amin, R. M. Abdel Hameed, K. M. El-Khatib, H. El-Abd & E. R. Souaya, “Effect of preparation conditions on the performance of nano Pt-CuO/C electrocatalysts for methanol electro-oxidation”, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 37, pp. 18870–18881, 2012.

 

[39] K. Ding, Z. Jia, Q. Wang, X. He, N. Tian, R. Tong & X. Wang, “Electrochemical behavior of the self-assembled membrane formed by calmodulin (CaM) on an Au substrate”, J. Electroanal. Chem., Vol. 513, pp. 67–71, 2001.

 

[40] Q. He, W. Chen, S. Mukerjee, S. Chen & F. Laufek, “Carbon- supported PdM (M=Au and Sn) nanocatalysts for the electrooxidation of ethanol in high pH media”, J. Power Sources, Vol. 187, pp. 298–304, 2009.

 

[41] Shafaei Douk, H. Saravani & M. Noroozifar, “A fast method to prepare Pd-Co nanostructures decorated on graphene as excellent electrocatalyst toward formic acid oxidation”, J. Alloy. Compd., Vol. 739, pp. 882–891, 2018.

 

[42] Z. Yavari, M. Noroozifar & M. Khorasani-Motlagh, “Multifunctional catalysts toward methanol oxidation in direct methanol fuel cell”, J. Appl. Electrochem., Vol. 45, pp. 439–451, 2015.

 

[43] M. S. Ekrami-Kakhki, N. Farzaneh, S. Abbasi, H. Beitollahi & S. A. Ekrami-Kakhki, “An investigation of methyl viologen functionalized reduced graphene oxide: chitosan as a support for Pt nanoparticles towards ethanol electrooxidation”, Electron. Mater. Lett., Vol. 14, pp. 616–628, 2018.

 

[44] Z. He, J. Chen, D. Liu, H. Zhou & Y. Kuang, “Electrodeposition of Pt–Ru nanoparticles on carbon nanotubes and their electrocatalytic properties for methanol electrooxidation”, Diam. Relat. Mater., Vol. 13, pp. 1764–1770, 2004.

 

[45] Y. Zhao, R. Wang, Z. Han, C. Li, Y. Wang, B. Chi, J. Li & X. Wang, “Electrooxidation of methanol and ethanol in acidic medium using a platinum electrode modified with lanthanum-doped tantalum oxide film”, Electrochim. Acta, Vol. 151, pp. 544–551, 2015.