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List of Articles
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Open Access Article
1 - An Inquiry to the Meaning of a Verse of Hafez
Mehdi Tadayyon Seyed Ali Mahmoudi Lahijaniحافظ اگر سجدة تو کرد مکن عیب کافر عشق ای صنم گناه نداردThis verse is one of the verses that seem complex and ambiguous in terms of meaning. Many commentators misinterpreted the meaning of the verse, which rooted in the lack of observation of the exact meaning of the com Moreحافظ اگر سجدة تو کرد مکن عیب کافر عشق ای صنم گناه نداردThis verse is one of the verses that seem complex and ambiguous in terms of meaning. Many commentators misinterpreted the meaning of the verse, which rooted in the lack of observation of the exact meaning of the composition "unbeliever to love", which has caused most commentators have referred to the general meaning of the verse and they did not interpret the key phrases. Therefore, most of the descriptions of this verse are not based on correct logic and reasoning, and some commentators have repeated the same mistakes of their predecessors. Accordingly, this question is raised that what is the meaning of this verse based on the prevailing thought of Hafez's sonnets? This article is focused on reviewing the critiques of the verse and their critique. Based on the meaning of the combination of "unbeliever to love" in Persian literature, it can be seen that the beloved blamed Hafiz for prostrating to others than god, and in response, Hafiz considered the infidel of love innocent of any sin and error; Because this mistake and sin arise by the lover. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - An Analysis on Simplification in Bijan Jalali's Lyrics
Davood Malekzaade Abdul-Hossein Farzad Mansoureh SabetzadeBijan Jalali was one of the first poets to turn to prose poetry in simple language from the beginning, and his choice was not due to the development of modern poetry in Iran, especially Nima, but due to his presence in France and the influence of European literature. Ja MoreBijan Jalali was one of the first poets to turn to prose poetry in simple language from the beginning, and his choice was not due to the development of modern poetry in Iran, especially Nima, but due to his presence in France and the influence of European literature. Jalali’s poetry neither is half-hearted nor has the characteristics of white poetry, and in a sense it can be considered as a mediator between poetry and prose or white poetry or prose poetry. The kind of glorious expression in simplification and shorthand is a reflection of his life that has been internalized in the poet, so it is not acquired or artificial. After the forties and fifties, and the decline of symbolic and ideological expression, new poets, especially the new generation, have turned to glorious poetry. The point that has been neglected in introduction and review of Bijan Jalali's poems in the shadow of his simplification is his romances. At a glance, it seems that the poet has a tendency towards nature and mysticism, and the mentality of single life but his love poems have been ignored. The love we are talking about here is different from the love of nature and God and animals. Specifically, we are talking about earthly love and women, which has been addressed directly and indirectly in various collections. After studying Jalali's poems, the frequency of romances in different periods of his life is so great that makes it possible to publish a book solely on a selection of his romance poems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Golshiri's Modernism in the Novel Prince Ehtejab Using Grotesque Elements
Seyd Esmaeil Ghafelebashi Fereshte Sadat HosseiniAdherence to form and technique in the story constitutes the framework of Golshiri’s ideas. To demonstrate the movement and dynamism in the literature, he broke with tradition and turned the story into a means for knowing himself and others. Following the mentione MoreAdherence to form and technique in the story constitutes the framework of Golshiri’s ideas. To demonstrate the movement and dynamism in the literature, he broke with tradition and turned the story into a means for knowing himself and others. Following the mentioned perspective, the novel Prince Ehtejab seeks to explore the depths and penetrates the hidden layers of the characters’ minds, discovers and knows oneself and others, and expresses the realities of society by disrupting the continuous order and sequence of time. Moreover, he used the grotesque genre to open his readers’ eyes to truths overlooked in everyday life in the face of reality. In this article, authors have studied modern techniques in this novel using analytical and library research methods and revealed that the novel Prince Ehtejab has been able to indicate the author to be a modernist. Furthermore, given the characteristics of deviation from accepted norms, metamorphosis, induction of a bitter and odious laughter, personification, depiction of madness in a romantic sense, depiction of dark and terrifying locations, description of horrific tortures, and presentation of a bitter death using metaphor and trope, he has illustrated the events occurred to four generations of an ancestry using the grotesque genre. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - A Review of the Need Love in the Personalities of Tahmineh and Soudabeh based on Abraham Maslow's Theory
Fakhri Zarei Seyedkazem Mosavi Ali Mohammadi AsiabadiDue to the presence of human, literary works can be studied and criticized from the psychological aspect. In fact, these works are the good subject for these researches. Some works show an image of a self-actualized man. Some works show an image of a human being who has MoreDue to the presence of human, literary works can be studied and criticized from the psychological aspect. In fact, these works are the good subject for these researches. Some works show an image of a self-actualized man. Some works show an image of a human being who has achieved self-actualization. Humanitarianism is one of the influential streams of thought in psychology in which man and his achievement of self-actualization are important topics. Maslow, as one of the pioneers of Humanitarianism, presents a model in which basic human needs are classified into five levels. This model can be studied in some works such as Shahnameh which has a human-oriented nature. This research has been done by descriptive-analytical method and its main purpose is, the study of love in the personalities of Tahmineh and Soudabeh based on Abraham Maslow's theory, which can be a good example in the study of other characters, to identify self-actualized man. Hence, these two characters are studied according to the Maslow's hierarchy of needs. By studying these two characters, we can say, Tahmineh is a woman who has achieved self- actualization and Soudabeh has failed in this case. In addition this study show the reasons of Tahmineh's success and the reasons of Soudabeh's defeat. The results of this study show that how much epic-national characters have achieved human intellectual growth and how much they correspond to the developed human characters in psychology. Among the characters of Shahnameh, Tahmineh is one of the lovers of epic-lyrical stories and one can see the characteristics of self-actualized person in her behavior. Love, which is the common theme of this lyrical story and Maslow's theory, causes tahmineh achieve self-actualization. The opposite point of Tahmineh is Soodabeh. Studying Soudabeh personality shows her failure to meet her needs and not to go beyond its lowest levels. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - The Textual Criticism of the Storyology of King Jamshid
Hasan Zolfaghari seyede Ziba BehroozOne of the popular Persian folk tales in the Qajar era is Malek Jamshid, Asef Spell and Crystal Bath, which is the last remaining Persian mythological tradition by Naqib al-Malak. It is one of the rare folk tales that the author has. The author of this book and Amir Ars MoreOne of the popular Persian folk tales in the Qajar era is Malek Jamshid, Asef Spell and Crystal Bath, which is the last remaining Persian mythological tradition by Naqib al-Malak. It is one of the rare folk tales that the author has. The author of this book and Amir Arsalan are the same, but Malek Jamshid has been less known due to Amir Arsalan's fame. The difference between these two books is due to the audiences; Malik Jamshid's audience is general but that of Amir Arsalan is specific. This study aims to familiarize the literary people with this less known story, its literary and social dimensions, and textology of it. Therefore, while introducing the story and its narrator, Mohammad Ali Shirazi, known as Naqib al-Mamalik, and introducing the manuscripts editions and making a report of the story, we try to deal with this work from three perspectives: first, linguistic and literary aspects; second, the narrative aspects and themes of the story, and third, the social aspects. Examining the literary and social dimensions of the story, in addition to revealing some aspects of life in the Qajar era, manifests the thoughts and ideas of people of that era and their tastes and entertainments. The purpose of this article is, thus, to introduce one of the Iranians’ fictional legacies in an era very close to the constitution and literary developments. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - The Analysis of Mystical Look at Pain and Suffering in Selected Mystical Texts of Fifth, Sixth and seventh Centuries
Ahamad Amirikhorasani Fatemeh NikpanahAmong mysticism and literature, suffering is one of the most important feelings and emotions in the human psychic realm. In general, suffering is one of the most influential aspects of human being. This particular category has been one of the seven main concepts and iss MoreAmong mysticism and literature, suffering is one of the most important feelings and emotions in the human psychic realm. In general, suffering is one of the most influential aspects of human being. This particular category has been one of the seven main concepts and issues of man throughout history in various forms and with all the internal concepts and its connection with similar concepts, it has been and will be one of the serious concerns of human beings at any time and place. Therefore, this descriptive-analytical study has examined pain and suffering from the perspective of literature and mysticism and its types in the 5th, 6th and 7th centuries, and its purpose is to find out the type of mystics view of this fundamental category of human beings. The conclusion is that suffering does not mean physical and material pain, but spiritual pain, and this pain is one of the foundations of perfection in the thinking human being, and the experience of the human race and every human being during his lifetime proves that human life it has always and everywhere been accompanied by pain and suffering but the spiritual pain makes man and causes the perfection of his soul and knowledge that this is a mystical and spiritual pain is not only painful but also enjoyable. Suffering first causes the desire to move in man and then informs man and finally creates spiritual perfection in him, which is the evolution of suffering. Manuscript profile
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