The Mental Pattern of Psychologists and Sociologists Regarding the Causes and Cultural Impairments of Child Marriage in Girls

Subject Areas : Sociology

Fatemeh Jalili ¹ , Morteza Monadi ² , Hossein Karimi ³

1 - PhD Student, Department of Educational Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
2 - Associate Professor, Department of Educational Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
3 - PhD Student, Department of Educational Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Bandarabbas Branch, Islamic Azad university, Bandarabbas, Iran.

Received: 2023-04-12 Accepted : 2023-05-13 Published : 2023-06-22

Keywords: Child marriage, Mental Pattern, psychologist, Sociologist, Cultural impairment,

Abstract :

The purpose of this research was to investigate the mental pattern of psychologists and sociologists regarding the causes and cultural impairments of child marriage in girls. The statistical population included all psychologists and sociologists. The research sample was 16 interviewees from psychology and sociology specialists who reached theoretical saturation of the collected data by snowball sampling method. The research method was descriptive-survey of the mixed type research (qualitative-quantitative). In the present study, Q (Q) methodology technique was used to collect data. The group of Q expressions (Q) in 29 items was obtained from in-depth interviews with experts and research background. The validity of the content and form of the Q-chart and items was confirmed by the experts. The findings showed that the mentality of experts was classified in the order of priority in six different mental patterns of beliefists, macroists, familyists, socialists, religionists and individualists. Also, the main cause of child marriage of girls was reported by individuals who had the mental pattern of beliefists, beliefs issues, macroists, macro issues, familyists, within family issues, socialists, social issues, religionists, religious issues, and individualists, individual issues. According to the opinion of psychologists and sociologists, enculturation played the main and essential role in preventing child marriage of girls and it is necessary to take more measurements in this field. Using the capacities of the media to show the consequences of child marriage for girls in different ways could be effective in conveying messages and preventing such practice. 

References:

Abbaspour Khoshdast, F., Jalali, M. R., & Kakavand, A. R. (2016). Relationship between the Personality Traits, Defense Mechanisms and Marital Satisfaction of Elementary School Students’ Parents. IIOAB Journal, 7(10), 31-37. [Persian] URL: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/311434090_Relationship_between_the_personality_traits_defense_mechanisms_and_marital_satisfaction_of_elementary_school_students'_parents

Aghdasi, A., & Zainalfam F, A. (2011). A study of the effective social and environmental factors on female high-school students' drop-out in Miandoab Township in 2010-2011. Scientific Journal of Education and Evaluation, 5(17), 113-130. [Persian] URL: https://www.sid.ir/paper/183542/fa

Ahmadi, K. (2021). An echo of silence: A comprehensive research on early child marriage in Iran. Journal of Applied Family Therapy, 2(2), 508-527. [Persian] DOR:10.22034/aftj.2022.338197.1533

Azari, H., & Mir Ahmadi, M. (2018). Judicial approaches to determining expediency in child marriage. Women and Society, 10(40), 1-28. [Persian] DOR:  20.1001.1.20088566.1398.10.40.1.6

Babanjadirang, A., Narimani Sh & Golizade Asl Shandi, H. (2019). Child marriage and its causes and factors, 8th Scientific Research Conference of Educational Sciences and Psychology. Social and Cultural Damages of Iran, Tehran. [Persian] URL: https://civilica.com/doc/1030961/

Bumpass, L. L. & Sweet, J. A. (1972). Differentials in marital instability: 1970. American Socioligical Review, 37(6), 137-147. [Persian] URL:https://doi.org/10.2307/2093585

Eftekharzadeh, S. Z. (2016). The lived experience of women in early marriage. Research Journal of Social Work, 2(3), 108-156. [Persian] URL:https://doi.org/10.22054/rjsw.2015.4746

Farahmand, M., Danafer, F., & Pourabrahimabadi, M. (2019). Analyzing the marital experiences of children in marriage: emotional-intellectual entanglement and powerlessness. Contemporary Sociological Research (Scientific-Research), 9(17), 115-145. [Persian] DOR: 10.22084/csr.2021.22142.1833

Fouladian, M., Baradaran kashani, Z., &  Diari, M. (2021). Analyzing the processes of extramarital relationship (case study: men and women applying for divorce in Mashhad). Social studies and research in Iran, 10. [Persian] DOR:  10.22059/JISR.2021.294255.977

Hajilo, F., Aghayari, T., & Alipour Abdar, F. (2021). The underlying causes of child marriage (a case study of women with lived experience referring to health centers in Tabriz). Women and Society Quarterly, 12(48), 103-116. [Persian] DOR: 10.30495/JZVJ.2022.28413.3610

Hasheminasab, F., Maghsoudi, S., & Ghanadzade, M. (2022). Qualitative study exploring the eExperience of child marriage among divorcees in Kerman city. Social Problems of Iran, 13(1), 271-291. [Persian] DOR: 20.1001.1.24766933.1401.13.1.4.7

Heydari, H., Kimiaei, S A., Khoei-Nejad, Gh., & Mashhadi, A. (2020). Investigating the effectiveness of divorce prevention counseling model on marital satisfaction in early marriages. Journal of the Faculty of Medicine of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, 63(1), 2249-2258.  [Persian] DOR: 10.22038/MJMS.2020.15981

Kamali, A., Safiri, Kh., & Asadpour, A. (2022). Strategies of child wives in facing marital life issues (comparison of two groups of child wives). Women and Society Quarterly, 13(50), 169-196. [Persian] DOR:  https://www.doi.org/10.30495/jzvj.2022.28616.3629

Khanifar, H., Muslimi, N. (2018). Principles and basics of qualitative research methods. Tehran: Naghah Danesh. [Persian] DOR:  9789641573463

Koohi, P. (2018). Investigation of child marriage in the country with emphasis on East Azarbaijan province. Children's Rights, 3(1), 129-159.  [Persian] DOR : 13990216236993

Mahini, M., Shaiganmehr, A., Asl Rahimi, W., & Mardi, A. (2018). Investigating the prevalence of social harms with emphasis on early marriage and its consequences in East Azerbaijan Province, The second national conference on social harms. [Persian] DOR :https://civilica.com/doc/1035528/

Malhotra, A. (2010). The Causes, Consequences and Solutions to The Causes, Consequences and Solutions to Causes, Consequences and Solutions to Forced Child Marriage Child Marriage Child Marriage in the Developing World in the Developing World. International Center for Research on Woman, Washington. [Persian]  URL: https://www.icrw.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/CHILDMARRIAGE-F-13.pdf

Meqdadi, M. M., & Javadpur, M. (2017). The effect of early marriage on children's sexual health and coping mechanisms. Scientific Research Journal of Medical Law, 11(40), 31-60. [Persian] URL: http://ijmedicallaw.ir/article-1-705-en.html

Mirmjidi ,S., & Azari, H. (2021). Investigating the realm of child abuse from the perspective of social constructionism. Lecturer of criminal law and criminology, 1(1), 121-144. [Persian] URL: https://ensani.ir/fa/article

Omidvar, B., Fatehizadeh, M. S., & Ahmadi, A. (2009). Investigate the effect of pre-marital training on marital expectations in Shiraz students on the verge of marriage. Journal of Family Research, 5(18), 231-246. [Persian] URL: https://jfr.sbu.ac.ir/article_95401.html

Otoo–Oyortey, N., Pobi, S. (2003). Early Marriage and poverty:Exploring links and key policy issues. Gender and development, 11(2), 42 -51. https://www.pathfinder.org

Sadr al-Ashrafi, M.,  Khonddartarsi, M., Shamkhani, A., & Yousefi Afrashte, M. (2012). Pathology of divorce, causes and factors and ways to prevent it. Cultural Engineering Quarterly, 7 (73 & 74), 26-53. [Persian] URL: magiran.com/p1128155

Shakuri Rad, S. (2019). A critical review of the law of child marriage based on the Qur'an. Women's Research Journal, 11(33), 141-163. [Persian] URL: https://doi.org/10.30465/ws.2020.5510

Shen,Y ,. Meng, F,. Xu, H ,. Li, X ,. Zhang, ,. Huang, Ch ,. Luo, X ,. Zhang, X Yang (2020). Internet addiction among college students in a Chinese population: Prevalence, correlates, and its relationship with suicide attempts. Depression and Anxiety, 37(8), 812-821. URL: https://doi.org/10.1002/da.23036

Talebi, T., & Safaian, B. (2018). A thousand mournings and one wedding ceremony: reflecting on the issue of child marriage in the modernist journalism of Pahlavi women. Social History Research, 9(2), 287-318. [Persian] URL: https://www.doi.org/10.30465/shc.2020.27247.1968

United Nations Population Fund & United Nations Children's Fund. (2016). Mapping of initiatives to End Chide Marriage in South Asia, 4-14. . [Persian] URL: https://plan-international.org/srhr/child-marriage-early forced/?gclid=CjwKCAjw29ymBhAKEiwAHJbJ8hop3ahYEhiJ2A01PpOzSAlrtBtUvPz_CsxDpB5Opn0D4e5yu6bMeBoCPk4QAvD_BwE

Zarei Mahmoud Abadi, H., & Zarei, F. (2021). The causes and consequences of early marriage and the occurrence of child marriage in female students of Yazd province (student divorce): a study of foundation data. The dawn of health, 20(3), 12-27. [Persian] URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/tbj.v20i3.7458

Zargaran Khozani, F., Shah Jafari, A., & Mulai, Mohammad H. (2022). Applying the Q method in identifying mental patterns: the experience of religious tourists. Tourism Management Studies, 17(57), 239-2640. [Persian] URL: https://doi.org/10.22054/tms.2021.59828.2520