The effects of dietary bile salts supplementation on performance, digestibility and intestinal morphology in broiler chicken
Subject Areas :
Veterinary Clinical Pathology
Mohamad Ali Mirhoseini
1
,
Mohsen Daneshyar
2
*
,
Parviz Farhoomand
3
,
Seyed Ali Mirghelenj
4
1 - Ph.D. Student of Poultry Nutrition, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
2 - Professor, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
3 - Retired Professor, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
4 - Associate Professor, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
Received: 2023-09-03
Accepted : 2024-01-06
Published : 2023-10-23
Keywords:
performance,
digestibility,
Broiler,
Emulsifier,
bile acids,
Abstract :
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of bile acids (BAs) on performance, digestibility of nutrients, and intestinal morphology in broiler chickens. A total of 300 one-day-old male broiler chicken (Ross 308) were distributed into five treatments, six replications with 10 chicks each in a completely randomized design. experimental diets included: 1) control diet (CON; based on corn and soybean meal), 2) basal diet containing a commercial emulsifier, 3) basal diet containing 0.05 % BAs, 4) basal diet containing 0.1 % BAs, and 5) basal diet containing 0.2 % BAs. Intestinal morphological specifications, including villus height index, crypt depth, and villus height to crypt depth ratio were determined in duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. The results showed that consumption of 0.1 % BAs improved daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio during the starter period (p< 0.05). Broiler chickens fed a diet containing 0.1 % BAs had higher fat and energy digestibility compared to chicks of other treatments (p<0.05). Birds fed 0.1 % BAs had a higher villus height in the jejunum compared to the birds in control group (p<0.05). Dietary BAs supplementation of 0.1% significantly increased the villus height to crypt depth ratio in all three portions of the small intestine compared to the control treatment. In conclusion, dietary BAs supplementation may probably promote performance to some extent by improving the intestinal morphology and utilization of fat and energy in the broiler diet.
References:
Abudabos, A.M. (2014). Effect of fat source, energy level and enzyme supplementation and their interactions on broiler performance. South African Journal of Animal Science, 44(3): 280-287.
Alzawqari, M., Moghaddam, H.N., Kermanshahi, H. and Raji, A.R. (2011). The effect of desiccated ox bile supplementation on performance, fat digestibility, gut morphology and blood chemistry of broiler chickens fed tallow diets. Journal of Applied Animal Research, 39(2): 169-174.
Anonymous, S. (1999). How do mannanoligosaccharides work? Feeding Times, 1(3): 7-9.
AOAC, M. (2000). Association of official analytical chemists. Official methods of analysis. AOAC: Official Methods of Analysis, 1(4): 69-90.
Arshad, M.A., Bhatti, S.A., Hassan, I., Rahman, M.A. and Rehman, M.S. (2020). Effects of bile acids and lipase supplementation in low-energy diets on growth performance, fat digestibility and meat quality in broiler chickens. Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science, 93(2): 824-832.
Atteh, J.O. and Leeson, S. (1985). Influence of age, dietary cholic acid, and calcium levels on performance, utilization of free fatty acids, and bone mineralization in broilers. Poultry Science, 64(10):1959-1971.
Begley, M., Gahan, C.G. and Hill, C. (2005). The interaction between bacteria and bile. FEMS microbiology reviews, 29(4): 625-651.
Caspary, W.F. (1992). Physiology and pathophysiology of intestinal absorption. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 55(1): 299-308.
Ge, X.K., Wang, A.A., Ying, Z.X., Zhang, L.G., Su, W.P., Cheng, K., et al. (2019). Effects of diets with different energy and bile acids levels on growth performance and lipid metabolism in broilers. Poultry Science, 98(2): 887-895.
Geng, S., Zhang, Y., Cao, A., Liu, Y., Di, Y., Li, J., et al. (2022). Effects of fat type and exogenous bile acids on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, lipid metabolism and breast muscle fatty acid composition in broiler chickens. Animals, 12(10): 1258.
Hofmann, A.F. and Hagey, L.R. (2008). Bile acids: chemistry, pathochemistry, biology, pathobiology, therapeutics. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, 65(3): 2461-2483.
Huang, J., Yang, D., Gao, S. and Wang, T. (2008). Effects of soy-lecithin on lipid metabolism and hepatic expression of lipogenic genes in broiler chickens. Livestock Science, 118(1-2): 53-60.
Huhtanen, C.M. 1979. Bile acid inhibition of Clostridium botulinum. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 38(2): 216-218.
Jamili, F., Shariatmadari, F. and Tarshizi Karimi, MA. (2012). The effect of lecithin and bile salt on performance, nutrient digestibility and intestinal morphology in broilers. Animal Production, 15(2): 117-126. [In Persian]
Jansen, M., Nuyens, F., Buyse, J., Leleu, S. and Van Campenhout, L. (2015). Interaction between fat type and lysolecithin supplementation in broiler feeds. Poultry Science, 94(10): 2506-2515.
Kamiya, S., Nagino, M., Kanazawa, H., Komatsu, S., Mayumi, T., Takagi, K., et al. (2004). The value of bile replacement during external biliary drainage: an analysis of intestinal permeability, integrity, and microflora. Annals of surgery, 239(4): 510-523.
Kocsar, L.T., Bertok, L. and Varteresz, V. (1969). Effect of bile acids on the intestinal absorption of endotoxin in rats. Journal of Bacteriology, 100(1): 220-223.
Lai, W., Cao, A., Li, J., Zhang, W. and Zhang, L. (2018). Effect of high dose of bile acids supplementation in broiler feed on growth performance, clinical blood metabolites, and organ development. Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 27(4): 532-539.
Lefebvre, P., Cariou, B., Lien, F., Kuipers, F. and Staels, B. (2009). Role of bile acids and bile acid receptors in metabolic regulation. Physiological Reviews, 89(1): 147-191.
Li, T. and Chiang, J.Y. (2014). Bile acid signaling in metabolic disease and drug therapy. Pharmacological Reviews, 66(4): 948-983.
Maisonnier, S., Gomez, J., Bree, A., Berri, C., Baeza, E. and Carre, B. (2003). Effects of microflora status, dietary bile salts and guar gum on lipid digestibility, intestinal bile salts, and histomorphology in broiler chickens. Poultry Science, 82(5): 805-814.
Maneewan, B. and Yamauchi, K. (2004). Intestinal villus recovery in chickens refed semi-purified protein-, fat-, or fibre-free pellet diets. British Poultry Science, 45(2): 163-170.
Mossab, A., Hallouis, J.M. and Lessire, M. (2000). Utilization of soybean oil and tallow in young turkeys compared with young chickens. Poultry Science, 79(9): 1326-1331.
Muhammad, A.T., Arif, M. and Saeed, M. (2016). Emulsifier effect on fat utilization in broiler chicken. Asian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 11(3): 158-167.
Niu, Z., Shi, J., Liu, F., Wang, X., Gao, C. and Yao, L. (2009). Effects of dietary energy and protein on growth performance and carcass quality of broilers during starter phase. International Journal of Poultry Science, 8(5): 508-511.
Orban, J.I. and Harmon, B.G. (2000). Effect of bile supplementation on fat digestion in early-weaned pig diets. Purdue University, pp: 11-18.
Parsaie, S., Shariatmadari, F., Zamiri, M.J. and Khajeh, K. (2007). Influence of wheat-based diets supplemented with xylanase, bile acid and antibiotics on performance, digestive tract measurements and gut morphology of broilers compared with a maize-based diet. British Poultry Science, 48(5): 594-600.
Perrone, E.E., Chen, C., Longshore, S.W., Okezie, O., Warner, B.W., Sun, C.C., et al. (2010). Dietary bile acid supplementation improves intestinal integrity and survival in a murine model. Journal of Pediatric Surgery, 45(6): 1256-1265.
Piekarski, A., Decuypere, E., Buyse, J. and Dridi, S. (2016). Chenodeoxycholic acid reduces feed intake and modulates the expression of hypothalamic neuropeptides and hepatic lipogenic genes in broiler chickens. General and Comparative Endocrinology, 229(3): 74-83.
Ravindran, V., Tancharoenrat, P., Zaefarian, F. and Ravindran, G. (2016). Fats in poultry nutrition: Digestive physiology and factors influencing their utilisation. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 213(5): 1-21.
Russell, D.W. (2009). Fifty years of advances in bile acid synthesis and metabolism. Journal of Lipid Research, 50(2): 120-125.
Sheen-Chen, S.M., Chen, H.S., Ho, H.T., Chen, W.J., Sheen, C.C. and Eng, H.L. (2002). Effect of Bile Acid Replacement on Endotoxin-induced Tumor Necrosis Factor-a Production in Obstructive Jaundice. World Journal of Surgery, 26(1): 448-450.
Shoaib, M., Bhatti, S.A., Nawaz, H. and Saif-Ur-Rehman, M. (2021). Effect of lipase and bile acids on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and meatquality in broilers on energy-diluted diets. Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, 45(1): 148-157.
Short, F.J., Gorton, P., Wiseman, J. and Boorman, K.N. (1996). Determination of titanium dioxide added as an inert marker in chicken digestibility studies. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 59(4): 215-221.
Siyal, F.A., Babazadeh, D., Wang, C., Arain, M.A., Saeed, M., Ayasan, T., et al. (2017). Emulsifiers in the poultry industry. World's Poultry Science Journal, 73(3): 611-620.
Upadhaya, S.D., Park, J.W., Park, J.H. and Kim, I.H. (2017). Efficacy of 1, 3-diacylglycerol as a fat emulsifier in low-density diet for broilers. Poultry Science, 96(6): 1672-1678.
Wang, J.P., Zhang, Z.F., Yan, L. and Kim, I.H. (2016). Effects of dietary supplementation of emulsifier and carbohydrase on the growth performance, serum cholesterol and breast meat fatty acids profile of broiler chickens. Animal Science Journal, 87(2): 250-256.
Xu, Y. (2016). Recent progress on bile acid receptor modulators for treatment of metabolic diseases. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 59(14): 6553-6579.
Yason, C.V., Summers, B.A. and Schat, K.A. (1987). Pathogenesis of rotavirus infection in various age groups of chickens and turkeys: Pathology. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 48(6): 927-938.
Young, R.J., Garrett, R.L. and Griffith, M. (1963). Factors affecting the absorbability of fatty acid mixtures high in saturated fatty acids. Poultry Science, 42(5): 1146-1154.
Zhao, P.Y. and Kim, I.H. (2017). Effect of diets with different energy and lysophospholipids levels on performance, nutrient metabolism, and body composition in broilers. Poultry Science, 96(5): 1341-1347.
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Abudabos, A.M. (2014). Effect of fat source, energy level and enzyme supplementation and their interactions on broiler performance. South African Journal of Animal Science, 44(3): 280-287.
Alzawqari, M., Moghaddam, H.N., Kermanshahi, H. and Raji, A.R. (2011). The effect of desiccated ox bile supplementation on performance, fat digestibility, gut morphology and blood chemistry of broiler chickens fed tallow diets. Journal of Applied Animal Research, 39(2): 169-174.
Anonymous, S. (1999). How do mannanoligosaccharides work? Feeding Times, 1(3): 7-9.
AOAC, M. (2000). Association of official analytical chemists. Official methods of analysis. AOAC: Official Methods of Analysis, 1(4): 69-90.
Arshad, M.A., Bhatti, S.A., Hassan, I., Rahman, M.A. and Rehman, M.S. (2020). Effects of bile acids and lipase supplementation in low-energy diets on growth performance, fat digestibility and meat quality in broiler chickens. Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science, 93(2): 824-832.
Atteh, J.O. and Leeson, S. (1985). Influence of age, dietary cholic acid, and calcium levels on performance, utilization of free fatty acids, and bone mineralization in broilers. Poultry Science, 64(10):1959-1971.
Begley, M., Gahan, C.G. and Hill, C. (2005). The interaction between bacteria and bile. FEMS microbiology reviews, 29(4): 625-651.
Caspary, W.F. (1992). Physiology and pathophysiology of intestinal absorption. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 55(1): 299-308.
Ge, X.K., Wang, A.A., Ying, Z.X., Zhang, L.G., Su, W.P., Cheng, K., et al. (2019). Effects of diets with different energy and bile acids levels on growth performance and lipid metabolism in broilers. Poultry Science, 98(2): 887-895.
Geng, S., Zhang, Y., Cao, A., Liu, Y., Di, Y., Li, J., et al. (2022). Effects of fat type and exogenous bile acids on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, lipid metabolism and breast muscle fatty acid composition in broiler chickens. Animals, 12(10): 1258.
Hofmann, A.F. and Hagey, L.R. (2008). Bile acids: chemistry, pathochemistry, biology, pathobiology, therapeutics. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, 65(3): 2461-2483.
Huang, J., Yang, D., Gao, S. and Wang, T. (2008). Effects of soy-lecithin on lipid metabolism and hepatic expression of lipogenic genes in broiler chickens. Livestock Science, 118(1-2): 53-60.
Huhtanen, C.M. 1979. Bile acid inhibition of Clostridium botulinum. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 38(2): 216-218.
Jamili, F., Shariatmadari, F. and Tarshizi Karimi, MA. (2012). The effect of lecithin and bile salt on performance, nutrient digestibility and intestinal morphology in broilers. Animal Production, 15(2): 117-126. [In Persian]
Jansen, M., Nuyens, F., Buyse, J., Leleu, S. and Van Campenhout, L. (2015). Interaction between fat type and lysolecithin supplementation in broiler feeds. Poultry Science, 94(10): 2506-2515.
Kamiya, S., Nagino, M., Kanazawa, H., Komatsu, S., Mayumi, T., Takagi, K., et al. (2004). The value of bile replacement during external biliary drainage: an analysis of intestinal permeability, integrity, and microflora. Annals of surgery, 239(4): 510-523.
Kocsar, L.T., Bertok, L. and Varteresz, V. (1969). Effect of bile acids on the intestinal absorption of endotoxin in rats. Journal of Bacteriology, 100(1): 220-223.
Lai, W., Cao, A., Li, J., Zhang, W. and Zhang, L. (2018). Effect of high dose of bile acids supplementation in broiler feed on growth performance, clinical blood metabolites, and organ development. Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 27(4): 532-539.
Lefebvre, P., Cariou, B., Lien, F., Kuipers, F. and Staels, B. (2009). Role of bile acids and bile acid receptors in metabolic regulation. Physiological Reviews, 89(1): 147-191.
Li, T. and Chiang, J.Y. (2014). Bile acid signaling in metabolic disease and drug therapy. Pharmacological Reviews, 66(4): 948-983.
Maisonnier, S., Gomez, J., Bree, A., Berri, C., Baeza, E. and Carre, B. (2003). Effects of microflora status, dietary bile salts and guar gum on lipid digestibility, intestinal bile salts, and histomorphology in broiler chickens. Poultry Science, 82(5): 805-814.
Maneewan, B. and Yamauchi, K. (2004). Intestinal villus recovery in chickens refed semi-purified protein-, fat-, or fibre-free pellet diets. British Poultry Science, 45(2): 163-170.
Mossab, A., Hallouis, J.M. and Lessire, M. (2000). Utilization of soybean oil and tallow in young turkeys compared with young chickens. Poultry Science, 79(9): 1326-1331.
Muhammad, A.T., Arif, M. and Saeed, M. (2016). Emulsifier effect on fat utilization in broiler chicken. Asian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 11(3): 158-167.
Niu, Z., Shi, J., Liu, F., Wang, X., Gao, C. and Yao, L. (2009). Effects of dietary energy and protein on growth performance and carcass quality of broilers during starter phase. International Journal of Poultry Science, 8(5): 508-511.
Orban, J.I. and Harmon, B.G. (2000). Effect of bile supplementation on fat digestion in early-weaned pig diets. Purdue University, pp: 11-18.
Parsaie, S., Shariatmadari, F., Zamiri, M.J. and Khajeh, K. (2007). Influence of wheat-based diets supplemented with xylanase, bile acid and antibiotics on performance, digestive tract measurements and gut morphology of broilers compared with a maize-based diet. British Poultry Science, 48(5): 594-600.
Perrone, E.E., Chen, C., Longshore, S.W., Okezie, O., Warner, B.W., Sun, C.C., et al. (2010). Dietary bile acid supplementation improves intestinal integrity and survival in a murine model. Journal of Pediatric Surgery, 45(6): 1256-1265.
Piekarski, A., Decuypere, E., Buyse, J. and Dridi, S. (2016). Chenodeoxycholic acid reduces feed intake and modulates the expression of hypothalamic neuropeptides and hepatic lipogenic genes in broiler chickens. General and Comparative Endocrinology, 229(3): 74-83.
Ravindran, V., Tancharoenrat, P., Zaefarian, F. and Ravindran, G. (2016). Fats in poultry nutrition: Digestive physiology and factors influencing their utilisation. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 213(5): 1-21.
Russell, D.W. (2009). Fifty years of advances in bile acid synthesis and metabolism. Journal of Lipid Research, 50(2): 120-125.
Sheen-Chen, S.M., Chen, H.S., Ho, H.T., Chen, W.J., Sheen, C.C. and Eng, H.L. (2002). Effect of Bile Acid Replacement on Endotoxin-induced Tumor Necrosis Factor-a Production in Obstructive Jaundice. World Journal of Surgery, 26(1): 448-450.
Shoaib, M., Bhatti, S.A., Nawaz, H. and Saif-Ur-Rehman, M. (2021). Effect of lipase and bile acids on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and meatquality in broilers on energy-diluted diets. Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, 45(1): 148-157.
Short, F.J., Gorton, P., Wiseman, J. and Boorman, K.N. (1996). Determination of titanium dioxide added as an inert marker in chicken digestibility studies. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 59(4): 215-221.
Siyal, F.A., Babazadeh, D., Wang, C., Arain, M.A., Saeed, M., Ayasan, T., et al. (2017). Emulsifiers in the poultry industry. World's Poultry Science Journal, 73(3): 611-620.
Upadhaya, S.D., Park, J.W., Park, J.H. and Kim, I.H. (2017). Efficacy of 1, 3-diacylglycerol as a fat emulsifier in low-density diet for broilers. Poultry Science, 96(6): 1672-1678.
Wang, J.P., Zhang, Z.F., Yan, L. and Kim, I.H. (2016). Effects of dietary supplementation of emulsifier and carbohydrase on the growth performance, serum cholesterol and breast meat fatty acids profile of broiler chickens. Animal Science Journal, 87(2): 250-256.
Xu, Y. (2016). Recent progress on bile acid receptor modulators for treatment of metabolic diseases. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 59(14): 6553-6579.
Yason, C.V., Summers, B.A. and Schat, K.A. (1987). Pathogenesis of rotavirus infection in various age groups of chickens and turkeys: Pathology. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 48(6): 927-938.
Young, R.J., Garrett, R.L. and Griffith, M. (1963). Factors affecting the absorbability of fatty acid mixtures high in saturated fatty acids. Poultry Science, 42(5): 1146-1154.
Zhao, P.Y. and Kim, I.H. (2017). Effect of diets with different energy and lysophospholipids levels on performance, nutrient metabolism, and body composition in broilers. Poultry Science, 96(5): 1341-1347.
