Analysis and explanation of management indicators of Bushehr city and effective factors in its improvement
Subject Areas :
1 - Assistant Professor, Department of Management, Shiraz, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz Branch, Iran.
Keywords: urban management, sustainable development, Bushehr city,
Abstract :
Urban management includes a wide range of different issues and activities in technical, administrative, financial and managerial fields. With the development of cities, their management has also changed over time. Cities that have shown less flexibility to changes in this field have usually faced certain issues and challenges. Therefore, in urban management, the promotion and development of indicators is an undeniable issue. Bushehr city is considered as one of the southern cities of the country, which needs urban management due to its economic, geographical and coastal location. The purpose of this research is to analyze the management indicators of Bushehr city and then identify and explain the effective factors in improving the current situation. The research method is descriptive-analytical and based on field data. The data collection tool is a questionnaire. The statistical population consists of 223,504 citizens of Bushehr city. Based on Cochran's formula, the sample size was determined as 384 people and sampling was done randomly. The structural and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed as well as the reliability with Cronbach's alpha above 0.70. The result of the test showed that urban management indicators were significant at the level of less than 0.05 and equal to 0.000, and the average of the total urban management indicators of Bushehr with a value of 2.163 indicates that their situation is inappropriate. The result of the factor analysis also showed that a total of 18 factors can be emphasized in the field of urban management of Bushehr, which were recognized in 5 general categories. The result of the effectiveness of these factors in improving the urban management of Bushehr using structural equation modeling showed that a total of 18 factors have an influence equal to 52%. In this context, the most influential factor in improving urban management is related to the factor of transparency in accountability and responsibility by managers with an explanation of 0.88 and then the factor of revision in some streets and accesses with an explanation of 0.84.
Extended Abstract
Introduction
As important social, economic and cultural centers, cities play a very important role in the development of society. Urban management includes a wide range of different issues and activities in technical, administrative, financial and managerial fields. With the development of cities, the type of their management has also changed over time. Cities that have shown less flexibility to changes in this field have usually faced certain issues and challenges. Optimal urban management is of particular importance and checking the status of urban management indicators can help to analyze and improve the performance of cities. Therefore, in urban management, the promotion and development of indicators is an undeniable issue. Bushehr city is considered as one of the southern cities of the country, which needs urban management due to its economic, geographical and coastal location. The purpose of this research is to analyze the management indicators of Bushehr city and then identify and explain the effective factors in improving the current situation.
Methodology
The current research is of a quantitative and applied type and is part of a descriptive-analytical research, which was completed using documentary data (articles, books, Iran Statistics Center, etc.) and field data (completion of a questionnaire). The statistical population of the study included the citizens of Bushehr city. The population of this city was equal to 223,504 people according to the latest population and housing census of 2015. Based on Cochran's formula, the statistical sample was calculated as 384 people. Data collection methods are in two forms: library (documents) and field (survey). The main tool of the research for collecting field data is a researcher-made questionnaire, which was used to check its validity (face validity) from the opinions of experts and specialists in urban planning, as well as university professors. To check the reliability of the questionnaires, 30 questionnaires were completed and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was calculated for the main parts of the questionnaire greater than 0.7. For analysis, the data are summarized, coded and categorized and finally processed to provide the basis for analyzes and connections between these data in order to answer the questions. SPSS and AMOS software were used for data analysis.
Results and discussion
The assessment of Bushehr city in terms of the status of urban management indicators through the T-Tech test showed that all indicators were significant at the level of less than 0.05 and equal to 0.000. Examining the direction of significance according to the average indicates that the minimum average is related to the index of renewal of the city's worn-out fabric with a value of 1.708 and the maximum average is related to the index of the implementation of culturally oriented programs with a value of 2.52. Comparison of the minimum and maximum average of urban management indicators shows that the situation of Bushehr city is not favorable in this regard. Also, the examination of the test of the total indicators of urban management was significant at the level of less than 0.05 and equal to 0.000. The significant direction with regard to the average shows that the total average is equal to 2.163 and the average value is lower than the average of the test (3). Therefore, it can be concluded that according to the overall average, the state of urban management in Bushehr city is not favorable. The general analysis of urban management indicators shows that Bushehr city is exposed to serious problems in terms of the status of urban management indicators and has achieved poor results in most of these indicators. In such a way that the participation of citizens in urban management is weak and this indicates the weakness of the relationship between local officials and citizens. Also, not paying attention to the principle of legality in city management shows serious flaws in policy making and law enforcement. In addition, the violation of justice in the distribution of services shows the lack of attention to the needs and requirements of all sections of the urban society. In general, the result of other indicators also confirms such a direction that there are many weaknesses in the field of urban management. Among the other examined and weak indicators in the management of Bushehr city, we can mention the lack of accountability of officials, lack of infrastructure development, poor performance in the issue of city safety, lack of management of social harms, etc.The result of investigating the effect of different factors in improving urban management with structural equation modeling is also the significance of the effect of the independent variables of the research (18 identified factors) on the dependent variable (urban management). In total, it can be said that 18 factors including revision of public investment policies and laws, overlap of long-term goals of urban trustee organizations, appropriate distribution of urban services, increasing citizens' access to electronic and internet services, transparency in accountability and Accountability by managers, presenting the annual performance evaluation of the municipality and its related organizations, equipping the city with various smart systems, using the citizens' point of view in decisions at the neighborhood level, creating and expanding union services and neighborhood offices, etc. Improve effective urban management. Examining the impact of different factors on the state of urban management shows that the total effect value is 0.52, and in total, the investigated factors can explain about 52% of the variance, role-playing and positive effects in the improvement of Bushehr's urban management. According to the results of this model, the most influential factor in urban management is related to the factor of transparency in accountability and responsibility by managers with an explanation of 0.88. The revision index in some streets and accesses can be explained 0.84, the management of reducing urban crimes can be explained 0.76, the creation and expansion of guild services and neighborhood offices can be explained 0.76 and the identification of the needs of city neighborhoods based on the people's point of view can also be explained 73 They have 0/0 in the field of improving the urban management of Bushehr.
Conclusion
In general, the conclusion of this research shows that the indicators of urban management in Bushehr city are not in a good condition. This situation can be seen from different economic, social, infrastructural and physical aspects. It seems that one of the influential factors in this field is the lack of communication and connection between city managers and citizens; Because the top-down view still exists in the urban area and this is a big obstacle in the development and optimal management of the city. In addition, the result of this research showed that various factors can be effective in improving the management of Bushehr city, that transparency in accountability and responsibility by managers; modification of some streets and accesses; Managing urban crime reduction; The creation and expansion of guild services and neighborhood offices and identifying the needs of city neighborhoods based on the people's point of view are known as the most important of these factors. It seems that the city of Bushehr needs a management perspective based on central participation and development of the city based on sustainable development.
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