Analysis of Indicators of the Creative City and its Relationship with Healthy City Development Case Study: Isfahan Metropolis

Subject Areas :

Hojat Mahkouii ¹ , Nader Shirani ²

1 - Department of Geography, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran
2 - M.A. Student of Urban Concourse Geography, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran.

Received: 2019-08-03 Accepted : 2019-10-20 Published : 2020-07-22

Keywords: Isfahan, City, Healthy, Creative,

Abstract :

Various theories and models have been proposed so far for the sustainable development of cities. Theories like healthy city and creative city can be mentioned in this regard. The main purpose of this study is to analyze the indicators of creative city and its relationship with healthy urban development management in metropolitan areas of Isfahan. Vikor model was used to analyze and measure the data and Shannon entropy coefficient was used in the process and finally Pearson correlation method was used. The results of this study show that Zone 3 was ranked first with a score of 1 and Area 5 with a score of 0.781. The lowest level is also in Region 12, with Regions 5 and 6 scoring 1 as the best in terms of city indicators. The lowest scores are for areas 15 and 11. Finally, after determining each area's score based on creative and healthy city indices, the relationship between these two approaches between Isfahan city areas is analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient. The results of statistical analysis show that there is a relationship between two main variables of the study. In fact, the level of significance is less than 0.05 and the correlation coefficient is positive. That is, there is a direct relationship between the two approaches in Isfahan. The results of regression analysis showed that the beta coefficient is equal to 0.614 which can be said that 60% of changes in creative city development can be predicted by healthy city indices.
 
Introduction
Throughout the twentieth century, the world's population has grown dramatically, with the highest rates facing urban areas. Cities now have about half the world's population. The creative city is a place with a strong boom in art and culture, creativity and innovation, with the use of sustainable development indicators. In the meantime, creativity means communicating with identity, rights, beliefs, understanding and, in general, social welfare(Zarra et al., 2014: 3) .Issues such as lack of citizen participation, lack of skills of urban managers in motivating the monitoring and monitoring of the indicators of a creative and healthy city in the city to explore this issue. Therefore, the main purpose of this research is to analyze the indicators of the city and its relation with healthy urban development in metropolitan areas of Isfahan, as well as to investigate the correlation and correlation of these two approaches in the urban areas. the creative city has evolved into a new initiative to transition from a static state to a focus on technology, infrastructure, manufacturing, and human resources(Vickery,2011: 4). Moving towards the creation and realization of a creative city Because of the status of the city as the place of formation of the knowledge-based society, the importance and centrality of cities in economic development is crucial(Zarabi & Mousavi, 2014: 19). The main questions in this article are: What are the different areas of Isfahan in terms of creative city and healthy city indicators? What is the relationship between creative city and healthy city indicators in Isfahan?
 
Materials and methods
This research is based on the applied purpose and based on the descriptive-analytical nature. The WIKOR model was used to survey and rank the areas and also in the process of performing the Wicover model, the Shannon entropy coefficient was used to weigh the indices and through the Pearson correlation method, the correlation coefficient of the two variables was tested. The findings of the research included rating and rating of each of the regions of the city of Isfahan based on the indicators of the city of creative and healthy. In this regard, the status of the regions based on the creative approach of the city and the status of these areas in terms of indicators of a healthy city is examined.
 
Discussion and Results
About Creative Cities and Areas Debour first came up with a theme in 1967 called "Spectacular City or City of Spectacle"(Akbari Motlagh, 2013:3). At present, the literature on the creative city in the world is widespread and steadily growing. the growth of cities in recent decades has been very slow and unnecessary. This indiscriminate growth has become more apparent in the 1970s. According to UNESCO's Global Organizational Criterion, it is a creative city that leverages the innovations and capabilities of citizens in sustainable urban development and that the creative thinking of residents moves in harmony with urban management(Sajadiyan,2013 : 46). In order to achieve a sustainable and creative city, the presence of 4 axes of urban ecology (competition, agreement, conflict and harmony) is essential. Isfahan urban area is divided into fifteen urban areas and outside the urban area it leads from west to Khomeini Shahr, from south to Safeh Mountain and Sepahan Shah, from north to Shahin Shahr and from east to Sajzi plain.
Findings include rating and rating of each district of Isfahan based on creative and healthy city indicators. This has put the sustainable development approach on the agenda. This approach suggested various patterns of urban development. In this context, we can refer to the models under study, namely the creative and healthy city. the findings of the research included rating and rating of each of the regions of the city of Isfahan based on the indicators of the city of creative and healthy. In this regard, the status of the regions based on the creative approach of the city and the status of these areas in terms of indicators of a healthy city is examined. In the theoretical basis of the research, 18 indicators were selected in the city of Creative City and in the next step, based on these indicators, a questionnaire was designed. In this questionnaire, experts were asked to determine the rating of each region based on the indicators provided. The score matrix of each region was compiled based on the indicators. After the decision matrix is formed, the relative weight of the indices is determined. In this regard, the Shannon entropy coefficient, which is one of the most accurate methods in weighting indices, is used.
 
Conclusion
The results showed that in the context of the creative city approach, the 3rd place with the first score is 1, and the 5th place with the score of 781/0 ranked second. The lowest level of creativity is related to area 12, which earned zero score. Based on the healthy city approach, the results indicate that the 5th and 6th regions with the score are equal to 1 of the best regions and the lowest scores are allocated to areas 15 and 11.In the next study, Pearson correlation coefficient and Regression analysis were used to analyze the data. The results of this part of the research also showed that there is a direct relationship between the healthy city and the creative city. Regression analysis also showed that about 60 percent of the changes in the development of the creative city can be predicted with healthy city indicators. This research proved that there is a significant relationship between theories and patterns of urban development. The results of this study show that Isfahan has the potential to emerge as a creative craft city based on indicators defined by UNESCO and theorists such as Sasaki. Successful urban development, therefore, occurs when these patterns are put together in the agenda of urban management. Therefore, it can be said that new patterns have been proposed for solving urban problems in light of the changes that have occurred in recent years in urban settlements.

References:

1. Akbari Motlagh, M. (2013): Investigating the Dimensions of Creative City Theory and Its Impact on Sustainable Urban Development with an Emphasis on Global Experiences, National Conference on Sustainable Architecture and Urban Development Bokan, May 26.


2. AkbariMotlagh, M. (2013): Creative aspects of the theory and its impact on sustainable urban development with an emphasis on international experiences. National Conference on sustainable architecture and urban development, enterprise structures desert, Bukan, Iran.(In Persian)


3. Cohen, B. (2006): “Urbanization in developing countries: Current trends, future projections, and key challenges for sustainability”, Technology in Society 28, pp: 63-80;


4. Kakiuchi, E. (2015): Culturally creative cities in Japan: Reality and prospects. City, Culture and Society, 1-8.


5. Landry, C. (2007): Creativity and The City, Thinking Through The Steps, The Urban Re-inventors , Confronting Strategies in Urban Reinvention, Issue 1, PP: 1-21.


6. Mohamadi, J. et al. (2010): Evaluation of effective elements in determining the density of the city from an environmental point of view Case study of Isfahan metropolis; Proceedings of the Fourth International Congress of Islamic Geographers of the Islamic World.(In Persian)


7. Mohamadi, J. Moyadfar, S. (2012): Comparative Evaluation of Healthy City Indicators Status in Arid Cities (Ardakan City); Journal of Geography, Volume 3, Number 4, pp. 37-54. (In Persian)


8. Mokhtari Malek Abadi, R., Marsousi, N., Ali Akbari, I., Amini, D. (2015): Explaining the Indicative Criteria of Spatial Indicators of the Creative City Space with the Iranian-Islamic Approach, Iranian Journal of Islamic Studies, No. 22, pp. 23-39.


9. Nekouii, M. Afshar, Z. (2015): Analysis of Healthy City Indicators in Kerman in 2012; Journal of Tolo Behdasht, 14, No. 6, pp. 542-529.(In Persian)


10. Piri, F. Amanpour, S. Abaspour, m. (2015): Spatial Analysis of Healthy City Indicators in Ilam City Center; Journal of Planning Studies of Human Settlements, 10, No. 31, pp. 45-60. (In Persian)   


11. Pourahamad, A. Garousi, A. Nouri, A. (2013): Evaluation of Housing Indicators in Nazar Abad with Healthy City Approach; Journal of Physical - Space Planning, 2, No. 4, pp. 21-21. (In Persian)


12. Rabani-khourasgani, R. Adibi-sedeh, M. Moazeni, A. (2011): Investigating the Role of Social Diversity in Creating Creative Cities and Innovative Cities; Journal of Geography and Development, No. 21, pp. 159 – 180.(In Persian)


13. Rahimi, M. Pazand, F. (2017): Analysis and Evaluation of Urban Quality of Life with Healthy Approach; Case Study: Kerman; Journal of Regional Planning, 7, No. 25, pp. 69-82. (In Persian)


14. Reckwitz, A. (2009): Die selbstkulturalisierung der Stadt: Zur Transformation moderner Urbanite in der “creative city“, Mittelweg 36, 18(2): 2-34


15. Sajadiyan, M. (2014): Fourth Wave University, Interactive Engagement, and Creative Cities (Optimizing Country Strategy Analysis); Journal of Zagros Landscape Geography and Urban Planning, Year 6, No. 19, pp. 56-39. (In Persian) 


16. Sarvar, R. Akbari, M. Amani, M. Taleshi- Anbohi, M. (2016): Analysis of Urban Neighborhood Performance in terms of Creative City Indicators; Case Study: Bonab City; Journal of Geography, 14, No. 48, Spring, pp. 351-322.(In Persian)


17. Sha. M, Tian. G. (2010): “An analysis of spatiotemporal changes of urban landscape pattern in Phoenix metropolitan region”, International Society for Environmental Information Sciences 2010 Annual Conference (ISEIS), Procedia Environmental Sciences 2, Available online at www.sciencedirect.com, pp: 600-604;


18. Vickery, J. (2011): Beyond the Creative Cities- Cultural Policy in an age of Scarcity, for made: a center for place-making Birmingham, Birmingham, November, 2011.


19. World Health Organization Archive. (2007): Healthy City Program Training Manual; Translation: Simin Ghanbari, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Deputy of Health, Environmental Health and Work Center, Salem City State Secretariat - Salem Village.(In Persian)


20. Zarabi, A. GHadami, M. Kanani, MR. (2012): Evaluation of Urban Settlements with Healthy City Approach in Mazandaran Province; Journal of Social Welfare, 12, No. 47, pp. 151-131.(In Persian)


21. Zarabi, A. Mousavi, MN. Bagheri-Kashkouli, A. (2014): Investigating the level of creativity of the creative city (comparative comparison between the indicators of sustainable urban development and the criteria for creating a creative city, case study: cities of Yazd province); Journal of Geography and Urban Space Development, 1, No. 1, pp. 17-1.(In Persian)


22. Zarabi, A. Mousavi, M. Kashkoli, A. (2014): "A Study on the Reliability of a Creative City (Comparative Comparison between Indicators of Sustainable Urban Development and Criteria for the Creation of a Creative City, Case Study: Cities of Yazd Province"), Journal Geography and Urban Space Development, Year 1, No. 1, pp. 17-1.(In Persian) 


23. Zarghani, H. Eskandariyan, M. (2015): Investigation and evaluation of Mashhad city based on creative city indices; 7th National Conference on Urban Planning and Management with emphasis on urban development strategies, pp 1-24.(In Persian) 


24. Ziyari, K. Janbabanejad, MH. (2012): Principles and criteria of a healthy city; Journal of Sepehr, 21, No. 82, pp. 50-56. (In Persian)