Psychometric characteristics of positive psychological capital scale among staff employees of education in Isfahan

Subject Areas : Educational

azam rajaei ¹ , mohammad ali nadi ² , alireza jafari ³

1 - psychology, Islamic Azad University of Isfahan (Khorasgan), Isfahan, Iran
2 - Academic member, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan Branch (Khorasgan) ), Isfahan, Iran
3 - psychology, Islamic Azad University of Isfahan (Khorasgan), Isfahan, Iran

Received: 2016-09-04 Accepted : 2017-12-04 Published : 2017-11-22

Keywords: hope, Positive psychological capital, Self-efficacy, resiliency, Optimism, staff employees,

Abstract :

This study has been implemented to evaluate the psychometric characteristics of the Positive Psychological Capital Scale. The population of this study consisted of all staff of six education districts in the year of 1394 that 325 of them were sampled by share-based stratified random sampling based on sample size formula, Cohen et al (2000) and were taken Positive Psychological Capital Scale Luthans et al (2007). Research used Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the reliability, and confirmatory factor analysis for the validity based on Structural Equation Model. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for positive psychological capital scale was 0/89 and for optimism, hope, resilience, and self-efficacy subscales in order were 0/70, 0/83, 0/73, and 0/87. results of one factor and four factor confirmatory analysis based on Luthans et al theoretical model showed that four factor model has more favorable goodness of fit indexes than one factor model. Fit indexes are favorable. The correlation between total positive psychological capital scale with optimism, hope, resiliency and self-efficacy factors respectively is 0.76, 0.87, 0.88, and 0.84, which shows a good validity. The correlation between the factors is between 0.41 and 0.62, which is significant at level (P <0.01). In order to evaluate the differential validity of the positive psychological capital scale, simultaneous implementation of Counterproductive Workplace Behavior (CBW) scale was used. The result showed that the positive and negative anticipatory capital scale had a negative correlation (-0.39). There is no significant difference between the positive psychological capital of the staff of the six education areas at level (P <0.05), but there is significant difference between the level of psychosocial capital of the male and female education staffs in the level (P <0.05). Based on these results, this scale which has reliability and validity can be considered for future researches.

References:

بهادری، خ.ج.، هاشمی، ت.، باباپور، ج. (1391). رابطه سرمایه روان‌شناختی با سرمایه اجتماعی دانشجویان دانشگاه تبریز، مجلهتخصصی پژوهش و سلامت، 2(1)، 153-145.

سیمار اصل، ن.، فیاضی، م.(1378). سرمایه روان‌شناختی؛ مبنایی نوین برای مزیت رقابتی، ماهنامه تدبیر، 19(10)، 48-44.

نادی، م.ع.، سجادیان، آ.(1390). ساختار عاملی، روایی، پایایی و هنجاریابی مقیاس قابلیت یادگیری سازمانی (دبیران دوره راهنمایی تحصیلی شهر اصفهان). فصلنامه پژوهشی نوآوری‌های آموزشی، 10(4)، 130-105.

هویدا، ر.، فروهر، م.، جمشیدیان، ع.(1390). استراتژی-هایی برای عملکرد فوق‌العاده. ترجمه رضا هویدا،‌ محمد فروهر، عبدالرسول جمشیدیان. اصفهان، نشر پیام علوی.

Alee,H.,& Mostaghimi, M.R. (2015). Psychological Capital, Requirement of Today's Organizations. Journal of Applied Environmental and Biological Sciences, 5(5S), 191 - 194.

Avey, J.B., Luthans, F.,& Jensen, S.M. (2009). Psychological capital: A positive resource for combating employee stress and turnover. Journal of Human Resource Management, 48(5), 677 – 693.

Avey, J.B., Luthans, F.,& Mhatre K.H. (2008). A call for longitudinal research in positive organizational behavior. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 29(5), 705 – 711.

Avey, J.B., Luthans, F., Smith, R.M.,& Palmer N.F. (2010). Impact of positive psychological on employee well-being over time. Journal of occupational health psychology, 15(1), 17 – 28.

Carver, C.S., Scheier, M.F.,& Segerstrom S.Z. (2010). Optimism. Journal of clinical psychological review, 30: 879 – 889.

Carver, C.S.,& Scheier, M.F. (2014). Dispositional optimism. Journal of Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 18(6), 293 – 299.

Cetin, F., &Basim, H. N. (2012). Organizational psychological capital: A scale adaptation study. Amme Idaresi Dergisi. 45(1), s.121-137.

Chowdhury, S.H.,& Gupta, S.D. (2014). Effects of dysfunctional attitudes on orientation of anger in major depressive disorder. International journal of Indian psychology, 2(1), 90 – 101.

Coutu, D. L. (2002). How resilience works. Journal of Harvard Business Review, 80(5), 46 – 55.

Envic, B.R. (2005). Beyond human and social capital: the importance of positive psychological capital for entrepreneurial success. The Entrepreneurial Executive, 10(2), 13 - 23.

Firestone, J.,& Anngela-Cole, L. (2016). Exploring Positive Psychological Capital in Nonprofit Human Service Organizations. Journal of Human Service Organizations: Management, Leadership & Governance.

Hayek, M. (2012). Control beliefs and positive psychological capital: Can nascent entrepreneurs discriminate between what can and cannot be controlled?. Journal of Management Research, 1(1), 23 - 33.

Krasikova, D.V., Lester, P.B,& Harms, P.D. (2015). Effects of Psychological Capital on Mental Health and Substance Abuse. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 22(3), 280 - 291.

Luthans, F., Avey, J.B.,& Patera, J.L. (2008).Experimental analysis of a web-based training intervention to develop positive psychological capital. Academy of Management Learning and Education, 7(2), 209-221.

Luthans, F., Avolio, B.J., Avey, J.B., & Norman, S.M. (2007). Positive Psychological Capital: measurement and relationship with performance and satisfaction. Personnel Psychology, 60: 541-572.

Luthans, F.,& Avolio, B. (2009). The “Point” of Positive Organizational Behavior. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 30: 291 – 307.

Luthans, F., Luthans, K.W.,& Luthans, B.C. (2004). Positive psychological capital: Going beyond human and social capital. Journal of Business Horizons, 47(1), 45 – 50.

Luthans, F., Youssef, C.M.,& Avolio, B.J. (2007). Psychological capital: Developing the human competitive edge. 1st ed. UK: Oxford University Press.

 Luthans, F., Youssef, C.M., Sweetman, D.S.,& Harms, P.D. (2013). Meeting the Leadership Challenge of Employee Well-Being Through Relationship PsyCap and Health PsyCap. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 20(1), 118 – 133.

Parker, S.K. (1998). Enhancing Role Breadth Self-Efficacy: The Roles of Job Enrichment and Other Organizational Interventions. Journal of Applied Psychology, 83(6), 835 - 852.

Sapyaprapa, S., Tuicomepee, A.,& Watakakosol, R. (2013). Validation of Psychological Capital Questionnaire in Thai Employees. The Asian Conference on Psychology & the Behavioral Sciences, Official Conference Proceedings, Osaka, Japan, 394 – 399.

Snyder, C.R., Harris, C., Anderson, J.R., Hollersan, S.A,& Irving, M. (1991). The will and the ways: Development and validation if an individual differences measure of hole. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60(4), 570 - 585.

Spector, P.E., Bauer, J.A.,& Fox, S. (2010). Measurement artifacts in the assessment of counterproductive work behavior and organizational citizenship behavior: Do we know what we think we know?. Journal of Applied Psychology, 95(4), 781 – 790.

Spector, P.E.,& Fox, S. (2005). The Stressor-Emotion Model of Counterproductive Work Behavior. Journal of American Psychological Association, 7(329), 151 – 17.

Tamer, I., Dereli, B.,& Saglam, M. (2014). Unorthodox forms of capital in organizations: positive psychological capital, intellectual capital and social capital. Journal of Social and Behavioral Sciences, 152: 963 – 972.

Thompson, K.R., Walter, T.J.,& Lemmon, G. (2015). Employee engagement and positive psychological capital. Journal of Organizational Dynamics, 44(3), 185.202.

Wagnild, G.M.,& Young, H.M. (1993). Development and psychometric evaluation of the resilience scale. Journal of nursing measurement, 1(2), 165 – 178.

Wang, S., Tomlinson, E.C.,& Noe, R.A. (2010). The role of mentor trust and protégé internal locus of control in formal mentoring relationships. Journal of Applied Psychology, 95(2), 358 - 367.

Youssef, C.M.,& Luthans, F. (2007). Positive organizational behavior in the workplace: the impact of hoe, optimism, and resilience. Journal of management, 33(5), 774 – 790.