A comparative study of the role of external instruments in interpreting obligations in sports contracts
Subject Areas : Sports Science and HealthyBabak Babazadeh 1 , Hasan Pashazadeh 2 * , AliReza Nojavan 3
1 - PhD student, Department of Private Law, Tabriz Branch, IslamicAzad University, Tabriz, Iran
2 - Assistant Professor, Department of Private Law, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.
3 - Assistant Professor, Department of Private Law, Ilkhchi Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
Keywords: Interpretation, commitment, contract, custom, fairness, good faith, individualism, communityism,
Abstract :
Sports contracts in Iran have often been problematic and challenging because there is insufficient knowledge and awareness about sports laws and the rules governing sports contracts, and sports people usually seek to understand the principles governing sports contracts only after a problem arises. The interpretation of obligations is one of the most important issues in the contract law system, which most different legal systems have dedicated a separate chapter to in the general rules of contracts. However, in the Iranian legal system, it has not been an independent discussion and has been discussed by lawyers sporadically in various cases. Interpretation means understanding the common will of the parties in removing ambiguity and summarizing the constructive will of the parties in the process of concluding, executing, effects and falling of obligations. The study reveals that the interpretative tools arising from the data of the two schools of individual and social authenticity are divided into two major groups: Internal tools, which include the will of the parties and the requirements of the contracts and their nature, and external tools of interpretation, which include law (both mandatory and optional), custom, fairness, and good faith. The research shows that custom plays a very important role in the interpretation of contractual obligations in different legal systems, and both the Iranian legal system and other legal systems have addressed the various roles of custom from the beginning of the contract to its collapse and dissolution. Unlike custom, which has an important place in contracts and obligations arising from them from the perspective of Iranian civil law, fairness and good faith have not been recognized by the legislator as two external tools of interpretation in the civil law and the section related to contracts, while various roles of good faith and fairness have been addressed in international documents and the laws of other countries. However, Iranian judicial practice has amended the law in order to achieve justice, and the role of fairness and good faith can be seen in judicial opinions and the thoughts of legal scholars in interpreting laws.
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