Explanation of effective components in organizing environment and urban edges landscape in order to improve the quality of the living environment based on creating a responsive urban space (Research case: Kan Ravine fringe, District 18, Tehran)
Subject Areas : Environmental managmentAna Allami 1 * , حسنعلی لقایی 2 , Hossein Fatemi 3
1 - Graduated from Master's degree in Environmental Design Engineering, Tehran Science and Research Unit, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. *(Corresponding Author)
2 - Assistant Professor of Urban Planning Department, School of Urban Planning, College of Fine Arts, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
3 - Islamic Azad University Science and Research Branch,Tehran
Keywords: responsive urban space, urban edge, organizing the environment and landscape, the quality of living environment, urban green network.,
Abstract :
Background and Objective: urban edges are considered to be one of the most important elements of the urban structure that play an essential role in the urban ecological landscape and improving the quality of life of its residents, and on the other hand, they form a positive and responsive image of the city. The Kan Ravine fringe in the 18th district of Tehran (Fath to Azadegan Highway) as an urban edge has faced environmental and social challenges, and its coherence and legibility have been lost. The present study has been carried out with the aim of investigating the necessity of forming a responsive urban space in the urban structure in order to improve the quality of the urban living environment and improve the behavior patterns of citizens. Therefore, this study seeks to explain the effective components on organizing the Kan Ravine fringe in order to transform this incoherent and isolated space into a lively, dynamic, interactive and coherent and event-driven space, which is one of the characteristics of a responsive urban space. The organization of this urban edge can guarantee the improvement of the livability quality of the living environment, the feeling of safety and security and the sense of belonging to the place for the citizens and the improvement of the objective, visual and perceptual image in the public mind.
Material and Methodology: This study was conducted as a qualitative research using the content analysis method and with a descriptive-analytical nature. In addition to using library data and field studies, the factors affecting the organization of the area of the Kan Ravine fringe (18th district of Tehran) were analyzed in order to improve the quality of the environment and based on creating responsive urban space.
Findings: According to the findings of the research, the environmental open spaces and social areas of this area have been severely destroyed, which has caused a continuity discontinuity between corridors and urban green spots, the lack of clear identity of the relevant edge and the emergence of a disordered place with ecological disorders, social insecurity and lack of quality of living environment.
Discussion and conclusion: Due to the disorder and lack of clear identity of the edge of the studied area, the results of the present study show that the design of the urban green network in the form of an ecological axis is associated with the opening of the edge gates and creating a sense of invitation to the urban edge. The most effective way to organize this urban edge is to establish a link between the inner edge and the periphery, as well as achieving the most appropriate spatial organization. Revival of the old identity of this forgotten urban edge leads to improve the quality and safety of the living environment by creating an environment and landscape that meets social needs in the city. It should be noted that the belief of policy makers and city managers in the impact of citizen participation in improving the quality of the living environment and finding a suitable solution for them is a prerequisite for success in citizen participation programs.
1. Pakzad J. Identity and sameness with space. Soffeh Journal. 1996;21:Tehran (In Persian)
2. Madanipour A. Urban Space Design, Urban Planning and Processing Company. Tehran Municipality 2005. (In Persian)
3. Cullen G. The Concise Townscape, Translated by Manouchehr Tabibian. Tehran: Tehran University Press; 1998. (In Persian)
4. Lynch K. The Image of the City, Translated by Manouchehr Mozayyani: Tehran University Press; 2006.
5. Duany A, Plater-Zyberk E. The second coming of the American small town. Wilson Quarterly.1992; 16(1):3-51
6. Yar Ahmadi S. The role of edges in realization of the goals of landscapes. Manzar specialized monthly (specialized in urban landscape). 2010(11): (In Persian)
7. Nelum Kumari H. Urban edge as a responsive urban space: examination of the impact on the city with special reference to City of Colombo 2005.
8. Forman RT, Godron M, editors. Landscape ecology principles and landscape function. Methodology in landscape ecological research and planning: proceedings, 1st seminar, International Association of Landscape Ecology, Roskilde, Denmark, Oct 15-19, 1984/eds J Brandt, P Agger; 1984: Roskilde, Denmark: Roskilde University Centre, 1984.
9. Allami A. The Role of Improving (Rehabilitation) of Urban Landscape and Environment in Organizing City Edges of Tehran (Case Study: Kan Ravine (Stream) in District 18 of Tehran Municipal Department, Fath to Azadegan Highways).Thesis M.Sc. degree on Environmental Design Engineering, Islamic Azad University Science And Research Branch;2013. (In Persian)
10. District 18 Municipality of Tehran, Gozineh Consulting Engineers, Studies on the special plan for the organization of Kan Ravine and its western lands. 2009. (In Persian)
11. Mortazavi S. Environmental Psychology: Shahid Beheshti University Publications; 1988. (In Persian).
12. Lang J. Creating Architectural Theory: The Role of the Behavioral Sciences in Environmental Design, Translated by: Alireza Einifar: Tehran University Press; 2013. (In Persian)
13. Kashanijoo K. Recognition of theoretical approaches to urban public spaces. City Identity Journal. 2010; 103(6), (In Persian)
14. Jacobs J. The Death and Life of Great American Cities Hardcover, Translated to Persian by Arezoo Aflatouni, Hamidreza Parsi: Printing and Publishing Institute of University of Tehran; 2007. (In Persian)
15. Council-of-Europ. The European landscape convention, http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/cultureheritage/conventions/landscape/default_en.asp.november. 2000
16. Alizadeh H, Abdi MH, Rahimi Kake Joob A. Strategies to improve the functionality of recreational spaces, a case study: Sanandaj's Didgah entertainment collection. Scientific-Research Quarterly of Urban Studies. 2012(4):1-14. (In Persian)
17. Kaplan R, Kaplan S. The Experience of Nature: A Psychological Perspective. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University; 1991.
18. Farsai A. Urban Spaces and Principles of Iranian Urban Development. Maskan (Housing) news-educational research journal. 2010;23:Tehran. (In Persian)
19. Carmona M, Heath T, Oc T, Tisedell S. Public places, urban spaces: different dimensions of urban design, Translated by Gharaei, Shokouhi, Ahari and Salehi. Tehran: University of Arts Press;2009. (In Persian)
20. Aminzadeh B. Evaluating the aesthetics and identity of a place. Hoviyate Shahr (City identity). journal. 2010;5(7):(In Persian)
21. Tavallei N. The shape of a coherent city. Tehran: Amir Kabir Publications; 2008. (In Persian).
22. Naghizadeh M. Perception of the aesthetics and identity of the city in the light of Islamic thinking. Isfahan Isfahan Municipal Publications; 2007. (In Persian)
23. Main B, Hannah GG. Site furnishings: a complete guide to the planning, selection and use of landscape furniture and amenities. New York: John Wiley & Sons; 2010.
24. Sharifian Sani M, Shahri F. citizen participation, urban governance and urban management. Journal of urban and rural management. 2001(8):42-55. (In Persian)
25. Nasrolahzadeh S, Ghasemi F, Kashef MH, editors. The effects of psychological characteristics of the environment on architectural space and educational space. The third international research conference on science and technology, Berlin- Germany; 2016 (In Persian).
26. Canter D. The Purposive evaluation of Places: a facet Approach. Journal of Env Behav.1983;15:659-98
27. Habib F. Analysis of city form, meaning and criteria: Doctoral Thesis on Urban Planning, University of Tehran; 2001.
28. Crow T, Brown T, De Young R. The Riverside and Berwyn experience: Contrasts in landscape structure, perceptions of the urban landscape, and their effects on people. Landscape and Urban Planning. 2006;75(3-4):282-99.
29. Golkar K. Urban Design from Birth to Maturity. Soffeh Scientific-Research Journal.2003(36):8-23. (In Persian)
30. Lynch. A Theory of Good City, Translator: Seyed Hossein Bahraini: University of Tehran Printing and Publishing Institute; 2002 (In Persian).
31. Rezazadeh R. Organizing principles and criteria and constructional rules and regulations of cityscape, Ministry of Housing and Urban Development, Deputy of Urban Planning and Architecture, Urban Planning and Architecture Study and Research Center. 2006 (In Persian)
32. Behzadfar M. Glossary of urban design concepts, a research project conducted in the study and research center of urban planning and architecture. 2008: 807. (In Persian)
33. Boyer C. The city of collective memory. USA: MIT press; 1994.
34. Karimi Moshaver M, Mansouri SA, Adibi AA. Relationship Between the Urban Landscape and Position of Tall Building in The City. Bagh Nazar magazine. 2019;7(13):88-99. (In Persian)
35. Watson D. Time-saver standards for architectural design: McGraw Hill; 2004.
36. Kaplan S. The restorative benefits of nature: Toward an Integrative. 1995
37. Jacobs A, Appleyard D. Towards an Urban Design Manifesto: A Prologue. Journal of the American Planning Association. 1987;53:112-20
38. Golkar K. Constitutive components of urban design quality. Soffeh scientific research journal.2000(32):38-65 (In Persian)
39. Ghotbi AA. The concept of identity and architecture of contemporary Iran. Ayene Khial monthly. 2008(10):81. (In Persian)
40. Tavasoli M, Bonyadi N. Urban space design. Center for studies and researches of Iranian architecture and urban planning. 2007. (In Persian)
41. Mirmoghtadai M. Criteria for recognizing and evaluating the identity of the urban structure. Fine Arts magazine. 2004(19):35. (In Persian)
42. Daneshpour SA. An introduction to the concept and function of the identity of the human-made environments. Bagh Nazar. 2004(1):63 . (In Persian)
43. Kashanijoo K. Pedestrians, from design basics to functional features. Tehran: Azarakhsh Publications; 2014 (In Persian).
44. Blitz A. How does the individual perception of local conditions affect cycling? An analysis of the impact of built and non-built environment factors on cycling behaviour and attitudes in an urban setting. Travel Behaviour and Society. 2021;25:27-40
45. Wronkowski A. Towards discovering human urban activity—tactics of human spatial behavior. Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment. 2024:1-19. https://doi.org/10.1080/10911359.2024.2323052.
46. Ganjeali F, Ghalandarian I. Explaining the dimensions of the urban space responsive to the formation of human behavior. 3rdInternational Conference on Architecture, Civil Engineering,Urban Development, Environment and Horizons of Islamic Art in the Second Step Statement of the Revolution Tabriz Islamic Art University. 2023:9. (In Persian)
47. Ghafouri A, Weber C. Multifunctional urban spaces a solution to increase the quality of urban life in dense cities. Manzar, The Iranian Academic Open Access Journal of Landscape. 2020;12(51):34-45. https://doi.org/10.22034/manzar.2020.214183.2023.
48. Li W. Urban Landscape Green Space Management and Sustainable Development. Journal of Civil Engineering Urban Planning. 2023;5(12):48-52.http://dx.doi.org/10.23977/jceup.2023.051207.
49. Asadimehr Sh, Orak N. The Role of Planning in the Sustainable Development of Urban Space. Eurasian journal of Chemical, Medicinal and Petroleum Research. 2024;3(3):745-61
50. Ganjeali F, Hashemi SM. Pragmatism in human-centered and democratic urban design. Scientific and specialized quarterly journal of urban design studies and urban researches. 2021:64-7. (In Persian)