A Comparison of Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies, Anxiety Sensitivity and Parenting Style among Mothers Whose Adolescents Show or Do not Show Anxiety Symptoms

Subject Areas : Tectonostratigraphy

Sara Aman Alah Khani Ghashghaee ¹ , Hojatalah Javidi ² , Hossein Baghooli ³ , Majid Barzegar ⁴

1 - Ph.D. Student in General Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht Branch, Marvdasht, Iran.
2 - Faculty Member, Department of Psychology, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran, Corresponded Author.
3 - Faculty Member, Department of Psychology, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran, Corresponded Author.
4 - Faculty Member, Department of Psychology, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran, Corresponded Author.

Received: 2020-06-13 Accepted : 2021-02-28 Published : 2024-01-21

Keywords: Anxiety Symptoms, cognitive emotional regulation, anxiety sensitivity and parenting styles,

Abstract :

Background and purpose: This study intended to compare the cognitive emotional regulation strategies, anxiety sensitivity and parenting style in mothers of adolescences with anxiety symptoms and those with normal adolescences. Methods: The research sample was selected in two stages. In the first stage, the sample was selected in the form of cluster sampling and included 363 of students in seven, eight and nine grade. They were studying in 4 districts of shiraz high schools in the years of 1397-1398. These students completed the Beck Anxiety Inventory and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales (DASS). Due to the cutting point of these questionnaires 100 students were selected and divided into the group (50 mothers of adolescents with anxiety symptoms and 50 mothers with normal adolescents). They were asked to fill the Garnefski and Kraaij Cognitive Emotion Regulating Questionnaire and also the Taylor and Cox Anxiety Sensitivity Index (ASI) and the Baumrind Parenting Styles Questionnaire. In order to analyze the data, one way analysis of variance and Tukey's test were used. Findings: The results showed that there are significant differences between the avrage of two groups in terms of cognitive emotion regulation. The difference was in adapted strategies and non-adapted strategies and the average of adaptive strategies was higher in normal mother and the average of nonadaptive strategies was higher in mother of anxiety group. In anxiety sensitivity, there are significant differences in all of subscales in both group of mothers and the average of anxiety group in all subscales were higher than normal group. In parenting style, the significant differences are in authoritarian style and easy parenting style. This way, the anxiety group in both scales has higher average than normal group. Conclusion: The result showed that parenting styles, cognitive emotion regulation strategies and their reaction to anxiety symptom is an effective factor in the health of adolescents.

References:

1- Ariella P. Lenton-BrymCandice M. MonsonMartin M. Antony. Responses to perceived intimate partner rejection among individuals with social  anxiety disorder and healthy controls. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, Volume 75, October 2020, 102281.

2- Bateni P, Abolghasemi A, Aliakbari Dehkordi M, Hormozi M. The efficacy of emotion-regulation skills training on the nxiety components among female school students. Journal of school psychology, 2013, 2(3), 23-37. (Persian).

3- Besharat M A. Toronto scale of emotional dyslexia: questionnaire, method of implementation and scoring (Persian version). Transformational psychology (Iranian psychologists), SID. https://sid.ir/paper/488461/fa. 2012.

4- Bradly SJ. Affect regulation and the development of psychology.newyork:Guildford. 2002.

5- Garnefski N, Kraaij V. Relationships between cognitive emotion regulation strategies and depressive symptoms: a comparative study of five specific samples. Personality and Individual Differences, 2006, 40, 1659–1669.

6- Garnefski N, Kraaij V, Spinhoven P. Manual for the use of the cognitive emotion, regulation questionnaire: A questionnaire measuring cognitive coping strategies. Leiderdorp, the Netherlands: DATEC. 2002.

7- Golmohammadi K, Mantashloo S, Tavana Z. The Role of Metacognitive Beliefs and Anxiety Sensitivity in Prediction of Social Anxiety. Journal of mazandran medical university. 2016, 26(136):179-184.

8- Gorji R, Keshavarzi Arshad F, Hatami M, Dehghan A, Vahabi R. Relationship between parental parenting practices and high-risk behaviors of hearing impaired students. JExceptional Education 2015; 4(132): 5-12 (Persian).

9- Goodini R. Emotion mamagement training program on mothers and its impact on children with behavioral disorders. Tehran, Iran: Iranian Reserch Institute for information science and Technology. 2014.

10- Gross jj. The emerginefield of emotion regulation :an integerativereview of general. psychology,1998:2(3):271-299

11- Gunty AL, Buri JR. Parental Practices and the Development of Maladaptive Schemas. Annual Meeting of the Midwestern psychological Association; May; Chicago, IL, 2008. p. 33.

12- Seçer I, Gülbahçe A, Sümeyye U. (2019). An investigation into the effects of anxiety sensitivity in adolescents on childhood depression and anxiety disorder. Educational Research and Reviews, Vol. 14(9), pp. 293-299.

13- Kerns K, Pincus D, Mclanghlin K, Comer J. The maternal Emotion Regulation During child Distress, Child Anxiety Accommodation, and Links between Maternal and child anxiety. Journal of Anxiety disorder. 2017, 50: 52-59.

14- Keshavarz H, safarifard R, Hasani M, Hodhodi Z. Association between quality of family relationship and social anxiety.Journal of Mazandaran medical university. 2018, 166.81-95

15- Marvili N, Mirzahoseini H, Monirpoor N. The Prediction Model of Self–Harm Behaviors and Tendency to Suicide in Adolescence based on Attachment Styles and Personality Organization: Mediating Role of Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies. Applied Psychological Research Quarterly 2019, 10(3), 101-117

16- Mikulincer M, Shaver PR. Adult attachment and affect regulation. In J.Cassidy and P.Shaver (Eds.), Handbook of Attachment: Theory, Research, and Clinical Applications, 2008, pp. 503-531. New York: Guilford Press.

17- Mirsadeghi S, Sohrabi F, Eskandari H, Borjali A, Nourali F. mparison of parenting skills and the quality of mothers' hematic relationships Children with separation anxiety disorder and mothers of normal children Quartely of psychology fexceptional individualas. Aalame tabatabai university. 2017, 29.201-212.

18- Nock MK, Prinstein MJ. A functional approach to the assessment of self-mutilative behavior. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2004, 72(5), 885-890.

19- O'Bryan EM, McLeish AC. An examination of the indirect effect of intolerance of uncertainty on health anxiety through anxiety sensitivity physical concerns. J Psychopathol Behav Assess.;2017, 39:715-22.

20- Peh CX, Shahwan S, Fauziana R, Mahesh MV, Sambasivam R, Zhang Y, Subramaniam M. Emotion dysregulation as a mechanism linking child maltreatment exposure and self-harm behaviors in adolescents. Child Abuse & Neglect. 2017, 67(1), 383-390.

21- Perris A, Arindell J, Eisemann P. Attachment and autonomy as predictors of the development of social skills and delinquency during mid-adolescence. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology2014, 66 96: 1(10).

22- Poursina Z, Tahmasian T, Sadeghi M S. Mediating role of emotional security in relationship between family functioning and childâs behavioral problems, Journal of Family Psychology, 1(2),2015.

23- Reiss S, Peterson RA, Gursky DM, McNally RJ. Anxiety sensitivity, anxiety frequency and the prediction of fearfulness. Behavior Research and Therapy. 1991, 4, 241–248.

24- Richeya JA, Schmidtc NB, Hofmannd SG, Timpano KR. Temporal and structuraldynamics of anxiety sensitivity in predicting fearful responding to a 35% CO2 challenge. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 2010, 24, 423-432.

25- Sadock B, Sadock V, Kaplan H. Kaplan and Sadock's synopsis of psychiatry: behavioral sciences, clinical psychiatry. (N. Pourafkari Trans.). 9th Ed.Tehran: Azadeh, 2003. [in Persian].

26- Sternberg JR. A review of the relationship among parenting practices, parenting style, and adolescent school achievement. Educational Psychology Review, 2011, 17, 120-146 .

27- Taylor S, Cox BJ. An expanded Anxiety Sensitivity Index: evidence for a hierarchic structure in a clinical sample. J Anxiety Disord. 1998; 12:463-83.

28- Zang RB, Schwarz JC. The relationship between parenting types and older adolescents' personality, academic achievement, adjustment, and substance use, Child Development, 2011, 67, 2101-2114.