The Impact of Transformational Leadership on Employee Creativity with the Mediating Role of Workplace Spirituality: A Case Study of Qom Preventive Police Staff
Subject Areas : Human resources management)
sayyad Darvishi
1
,
Ebrahim Davoodi Dehaghani
2
1 - Assistant Professor. Department of Crime Prevention Disciplinary, Amin Police University. Tehran. Iran.
2 - Assistant Professor. Department of Strategic Management and Futurology, Amin University of Law Enforcement Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Keywords: Transformational Leadership, workplace spirituality, employee creativity, Crime Prevention Police, Qom Disciplinary Command,
Abstract :
Transformational leadership, workplace spirituality and employee creativity are important issues in organizational management. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of transformational leadership on employee creativity with the mediating role of workplace spirituality. The present applied study was a descriptive-correlational one, conducted with a sample of 135 prevention police managers of Qom Disciplinary Command. Stratified simple random sampling method was used to select the sample. To collect the data, three standard questionnaires, including Bass et al. (2003), Torrance (1963) and Milliman et al. (2003) and to analyze the collected data, correlation coefficient tests, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling were employed. The reliability of the instruments was checked using Cronbach's alpha and the validity of all components of the questionnaire was verified first through the formal method and then the confirmatory factor analysis. The findings showed that transformational leadership, has a positive direct effect on workplace spirituality (0.61) and on employee creativity (0.73) at a significant level of 0.001. Also, it was found that transformational leadership through workplace spirituality has an indirect significant effect (0.49) on employee creativity. Additionally, the results indicated that transformational leadership through workplace spirituality explains 0.31 of the changes in employee creativity at a significant level of 0.05 and therefore the application of transformational leadership style for the police managers of Qom Disciplinary Command is suggested to promote workplace spirituality and employee creativity.
Abazari Mahmoud Abad, A. & Amiranzadeh, M. (2016). The Relationship between Spirituality in the Workplace and Organizational Commitment with Organizational Citizenship Behavior of Employees, Quarterly New Scientific Research Quarterly in Educational Management, 7(1), 119-143 (In Persian).
Amabile, T. M. (2001). Beyond Talent: John Irving and the Passionate Craft of Creativity." American Psychologist, 56(4), 333-336.
Ashrafi, B., & Hossein pour, N. (2014). Investigating the Relationship between Spirituality in Work and Organizational Commitment of Employees of the General Department of Roads and Transportation of Semnan Province. Master Thesis. Shahroud: Faculty of Humanities, Islamic Azad University (In Persian).
Bass, B. M. Avolio B. J., Jung D. I., & Berson Y. (2003). "Predicting unit performance by assessing transformational and transactional leadership"; Journal of Applied Psychology, 88, 2, 184-207.
Bolanowski, D. (2008). The Leadership Perspective of Promoting Creativity and Innovation: A case study of an R&D organization. Uppsala University, Human is tisksamhäll svetens kapliga vetens kapsområdet, M.A thesis, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Business Studies.
Bosiok, D. (2013). Leadership Styles and Creativity, Online Journal of Applied Knowledge Management, 1(2), 64-77.
Cacioppe. R. (1997). leadership moment by moment by moment: leadership and organization development journal 18(4), 335-345.
Elenkov, D. S., & Manev, I. M. (2009). Senior expatriate leadership's effects on innovation and the role of cultural intelligence. Journal of World Business, 44(4), 357-369
Fakhari Vahed, M. (2015). Investigating the relationship between servant leadership style and spirituality in work and team work from the perspective of faculty members of Bu Ali Sina University, M.Sc. Thesis, Bo Ali Sina University of Hamadan, Faculty of Humanities (In Persian).
García-Morales V.J; Jiménez-Barrionuevo, M; Gutiérrez Gutiérrez, L. (2011). Transformational leadership influence on organizational performance through organizational learning and innovation, Journal of Business Research, doi: 10.1016/j.jbusres.2011.03.005
Ghadimi, F., & Ismaili, M. (2015). Investigating the relationship between transformational leadership and managerial spirituality in the workplace from a perspective Teachers, the first scientific-research conference on psychology, educational sciences and pathology of society (In Persian).
Gumusluoglu. L & Ilsev. A. (2009). Transformational Leadership, Creativity, and Organizational Innovation, Journal of Business Research, 62(2), 461-473.
Kudrowitz, B. M. (2010). Haha and aha: Creativity, idea generation, improvisational humor, and product design. Thesis Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering.
Malekpour Afshar, E. (1999). Development of Creativity and Innovation (especially for teachers, educators and parents), Zamzameh Hedayat Publications (In Persian).
Mazloumi, N., Nasehifar, V. & Ehsanfar, G. (2012). The Relationship between Organizational Development and Creativity and Organizational Innovation in Private Insurance Companies in Iran, Insurance Research Journal, 12(109), 33-56 (In Persian).
Millissa, Ch., & Chi-Sum W., (2011). Transformational leadership, leader support, and employee creativity, Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 32(7), P.P. 656 – 672.
Moghaddami, M. (2010). A Study of the Relationship between Transformational Leadership and Organizational Citizenship Behavior of Employees, Journal of Transformation Management, 2(4), 25-54 (In Persian).
Moghali, A. (2005). Transformational Leadership in Iranian Administrative Organizations, PhD Thesis, Allameh Tabatabai University (In Persian).
Moghimi, S. M., Rahbar, A. H., & Eslami, H. (2007). Organizational Spirituality and Its Impact on Employee Creativity (Comparative Approach), Journal of Ethics in Science and Technology, 3(4), 89-98 (In Persian).
Moriano, J. A; Molero, F. (2011). The influence of transformational leadership and organizational identification on entrepreneurship, Intentional entrepreneurship Management Journal, DOI 10.1007/s11365-011-0196-x.
Namazi, F., Ariani, V. (2016) A Study of the Relationship between Spirituality in the Workplace and Job Satisfaction of Employees Considering the Role of Career Stress Modification (Case Study of Mehr Eghtesad Bank in Guilan Province), Journal of New Research in Management and Accounting 10(5), 130-143 (In Persian).
Nielsen, K. & Cleal. B. (2011). " Under which conditions do middle managers exhibit transformational leadership behaviors? An experience sampling method study on the predictors of transformational leadership behaviors, The Leadership Quarterly, 22(2), 344-352.
Orei Yazdani, B.; Kurd Tamini, B., & Motalebi, A. (2012). A Study of the Relationship between Organizational Spirituality and Employee Morality from the Perspective of the Client, M.Sc. Thesis, School of Management and Accounting, Sistan University (In Persian).
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Rezaian, A. (2019). Principles of Management., Tehran: Samt Publications (In Persian).
Selajgeh, S., & Farahbakhsh, Sh. (2010). Spirituality and Organizational Commitment Quarterly Journal of Development Strategy, 23(2), 203-221 (In Persian).
Rubera, G. and Kirca, A., (2012). Firm innovativeness and its performance outcomes: A meta-analytic review and theoretical integration, Journal of Marketing, 3(76), 147-130.
Sendjaya, S., Pekerti, A., Hãrtel, C., Hirst, G., & Butarbutar, I. (2014). Are Authentic Leaders Always Moral? The Role of Machiavellianism in the Relationship Between Authentic Leadership and Morality. Journal of Business Ethics, 133(1), 125-139.
Shafizadeh, H., & Mehdi G. (2018). Predicting the performance of employees based on spirituality in the workplace and organizational support, Quarterly Journal of Productivity Management, 12(45), 177-198 (In Persian).
Shen, Y., Yuan, D., Zhang, H., Yang, D., Zhang, J., & Zhang Q. (2009), The Impacts of Perceived Organizational Support and Perceived External Prestige on Organizational Citizenship Behavior: Organizational Identification as Mediator and Need for Self-esteem as Moderator, 41(12), 1215-1227.
Shoghi, B., & Mortazavi, S. M. (2012). Individual and Organizational Creativity, Tehran: Secret Publications (In Persian).
Skakon, J., Nielsen, K., Borg, V., & Guzman, J. (2010). Are leaders’ wellbeing, behaviors and style associated with the affective wellbeing of their employees? A systematic review of three decades of research. Work & Stress, 24(1), 139-147.
Sosa, A. & Gero, J. S. (2016). Multidimensional creativity: a computational perspective. International Journal of Design Creativity and Innovation, 4(1), 26-50.
Tsai, K.C. (2016). Personality, affect and creativity: a case study of Macau undergraduates. Journal of Education and Social Science, 4(12), 170-175.
Vidergor, H. E., & Sisk, D. A. (2013). Enhancing the gift of leadership: Innovative programs for all grade levels. Ulm, Germany: The International Center for Innovation in Education.
Wang, P., & Rode, J.C., (2010). Transformational leadership and follower creativity: The moderating effects of identification with leader and organizational climate, Human Relations, 63(2), 1105-1128.
Wong, S. H. Y. & Chin, K. S. (2007). Organizational innovation management: An organization wide perspective. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 107(9), 1290-1315.
Woodman, R.W., Sawyer, J.E. and Griffin, R.W. (1993), Toward a theory of organizational creativity.Academy of Management Review, 18(2),293-321.
Yousef, D. (2000). Organizational commitment as a mediator of relationship between Islamic work ethic and attitude toward organizational change. Human Relations, 53(4), 513-537 (In Persian).
_||_Abazari Mahmoud Abad, A. & Amiranzadeh, M. (2016). The Relationship between Spirituality in the Workplace and Organizational Commitment with Organizational Citizenship Behavior of Employees, Quarterly New Scientific Research Quarterly in Educational Management, 7(1), 119-143 (In Persian).
Amabile, T. M. (2001). Beyond Talent: John Irving and the Passionate Craft of Creativity." American Psychologist, 56(4), 333-336.
Ashrafi, B., & Hossein pour, N. (2014). Investigating the Relationship between Spirituality in Work and Organizational Commitment of Employees of the General Department of Roads and Transportation of Semnan Province. Master Thesis. Shahroud: Faculty of Humanities, Islamic Azad University (In Persian).
Bass, B. M. Avolio B. J., Jung D. I., & Berson Y. (2003). "Predicting unit performance by assessing transformational and transactional leadership"; Journal of Applied Psychology, 88, 2, 184-207.
Bolanowski, D. (2008). The Leadership Perspective of Promoting Creativity and Innovation: A case study of an R&D organization. Uppsala University, Human is tisksamhäll svetens kapliga vetens kapsområdet, M.A thesis, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Business Studies.
Bosiok, D. (2013). Leadership Styles and Creativity, Online Journal of Applied Knowledge Management, 1(2), 64-77.
Cacioppe. R. (1997). leadership moment by moment by moment: leadership and organization development journal 18(4), 335-345.
Elenkov, D. S., & Manev, I. M. (2009). Senior expatriate leadership's effects on innovation and the role of cultural intelligence. Journal of World Business, 44(4), 357-369
Fakhari Vahed, M. (2015). Investigating the relationship between servant leadership style and spirituality in work and team work from the perspective of faculty members of Bu Ali Sina University, M.Sc. Thesis, Bo Ali Sina University of Hamadan, Faculty of Humanities (In Persian).
García-Morales V.J; Jiménez-Barrionuevo, M; Gutiérrez Gutiérrez, L. (2011). Transformational leadership influence on organizational performance through organizational learning and innovation, Journal of Business Research, doi: 10.1016/j.jbusres.2011.03.005
Ghadimi, F., & Ismaili, M. (2015). Investigating the relationship between transformational leadership and managerial spirituality in the workplace from a perspective Teachers, the first scientific-research conference on psychology, educational sciences and pathology of society (In Persian).
Gumusluoglu. L & Ilsev. A. (2009). Transformational Leadership, Creativity, and Organizational Innovation, Journal of Business Research, 62(2), 461-473.
Kudrowitz, B. M. (2010). Haha and aha: Creativity, idea generation, improvisational humor, and product design. Thesis Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering.
Malekpour Afshar, E. (1999). Development of Creativity and Innovation (especially for teachers, educators and parents), Zamzameh Hedayat Publications (In Persian).
Mazloumi, N., Nasehifar, V. & Ehsanfar, G. (2012). The Relationship between Organizational Development and Creativity and Organizational Innovation in Private Insurance Companies in Iran, Insurance Research Journal, 12(109), 33-56 (In Persian).
Millissa, Ch., & Chi-Sum W., (2011). Transformational leadership, leader support, and employee creativity, Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 32(7), P.P. 656 – 672.
Moghaddami, M. (2010). A Study of the Relationship between Transformational Leadership and Organizational Citizenship Behavior of Employees, Journal of Transformation Management, 2(4), 25-54 (In Persian).
Moghali, A. (2005). Transformational Leadership in Iranian Administrative Organizations, PhD Thesis, Allameh Tabatabai University (In Persian).
Moghimi, S. M., Rahbar, A. H., & Eslami, H. (2007). Organizational Spirituality and Its Impact on Employee Creativity (Comparative Approach), Journal of Ethics in Science and Technology, 3(4), 89-98 (In Persian).
Moriano, J. A; Molero, F. (2011). The influence of transformational leadership and organizational identification on entrepreneurship, Intentional entrepreneurship Management Journal, DOI 10.1007/s11365-011-0196-x.
Namazi, F., Ariani, V. (2016) A Study of the Relationship between Spirituality in the Workplace and Job Satisfaction of Employees Considering the Role of Career Stress Modification (Case Study of Mehr Eghtesad Bank in Guilan Province), Journal of New Research in Management and Accounting 10(5), 130-143 (In Persian).
Nielsen, K. & Cleal. B. (2011). " Under which conditions do middle managers exhibit transformational leadership behaviors? An experience sampling method study on the predictors of transformational leadership behaviors, The Leadership Quarterly, 22(2), 344-352.
Orei Yazdani, B.; Kurd Tamini, B., & Motalebi, A. (2012). A Study of the Relationship between Organizational Spirituality and Employee Morality from the Perspective of the Client, M.Sc. Thesis, School of Management and Accounting, Sistan University (In Persian).
Rajabzadeh, A., Esmailpour, E. (2016). A Relationship between Employee Information Literacy and Organizational Creativity (Case Study: Simkat Azerbaijan Company), Quarterly Journal of Information and Knowledge Management, 3(3), 23-47 (In Persian).
Rezaian, A. (2019). Principles of Management., Tehran: Samt Publications (In Persian).
Selajgeh, S., & Farahbakhsh, Sh. (2010). Spirituality and Organizational Commitment Quarterly Journal of Development Strategy, 23(2), 203-221 (In Persian).
Rubera, G. and Kirca, A., (2012). Firm innovativeness and its performance outcomes: A meta-analytic review and theoretical integration, Journal of Marketing, 3(76), 147-130.
Sendjaya, S., Pekerti, A., Hãrtel, C., Hirst, G., & Butarbutar, I. (2014). Are Authentic Leaders Always Moral? The Role of Machiavellianism in the Relationship Between Authentic Leadership and Morality. Journal of Business Ethics, 133(1), 125-139.
Shafizadeh, H., & Mehdi G. (2018). Predicting the performance of employees based on spirituality in the workplace and organizational support, Quarterly Journal of Productivity Management, 12(45), 177-198 (In Persian).
Shen, Y., Yuan, D., Zhang, H., Yang, D., Zhang, J., & Zhang Q. (2009), The Impacts of Perceived Organizational Support and Perceived External Prestige on Organizational Citizenship Behavior: Organizational Identification as Mediator and Need for Self-esteem as Moderator, 41(12), 1215-1227.
Shoghi, B., & Mortazavi, S. M. (2012). Individual and Organizational Creativity, Tehran: Secret Publications (In Persian).
Skakon, J., Nielsen, K., Borg, V., & Guzman, J. (2010). Are leaders’ wellbeing, behaviors and style associated with the affective wellbeing of their employees? A systematic review of three decades of research. Work & Stress, 24(1), 139-147.
Sosa, A. & Gero, J. S. (2016). Multidimensional creativity: a computational perspective. International Journal of Design Creativity and Innovation, 4(1), 26-50.
Tsai, K.C. (2016). Personality, affect and creativity: a case study of Macau undergraduates. Journal of Education and Social Science, 4(12), 170-175.
Vidergor, H. E., & Sisk, D. A. (2013). Enhancing the gift of leadership: Innovative programs for all grade levels. Ulm, Germany: The International Center for Innovation in Education.
Wang, P., & Rode, J.C., (2010). Transformational leadership and follower creativity: The moderating effects of identification with leader and organizational climate, Human Relations, 63(2), 1105-1128.
Wong, S. H. Y. & Chin, K. S. (2007). Organizational innovation management: An organization wide perspective. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 107(9), 1290-1315.
Woodman, R.W., Sawyer, J.E. and Griffin, R.W. (1993), Toward a theory of organizational creativity.Academy of Management Review, 18(2),293-321.
Yousef, D. (2000). Organizational commitment as a mediator of relationship between Islamic work ethic and attitude toward organizational change. Human Relations, 53(4), 513-537 (In Persian).