Presenting a Conceptual Model Delineating the Effect of Production and Operations Strategies on Sustainable Competitive Advantage in Iranian Automotive Industry: The Case of Tehran Automobile Manufacturing Companies
Subject Areas : Industrial Management
Ali Mohaghar
1
,
Ezzatollah Asgharizadeh
2
,
Seyyed Hassan Ghodsypour
3
,
Amir Samarrokhi
4
1 - Professor, Department of Industrial Management,Faculty of Management,University of Tehran,Tehran, Iran.
2 - Associate Professor, Department of Industrial Management, Faculty of Management, University of Tehran, Iran
3 - Professor, Department of Industrial Engineering, AmirKabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
4 - PhD Candidate, Department of Industrial Management, Faculty of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
Keywords: Sustainable Competitive Advantage, structural equation modeling, Iranian Automobile manufacturing industry, Production and Operations Strategy,
Abstract :
The aim of the current quantitative applied research was to design a model for the investigation of the extent to which automobile production strategies may impact domestic manufacturers’ sustainable competitive advantage. The research data were collected through a researcher-made questionnaire whose construct and content validity had been confirmed and its reliability had been verified through Cronbach alpha. The research population comprised senior managers of automobile manufacturing companies located in Tehran, Iran from whom a random sample was selected. The data obtained from 384 completed questionnaires were analyzed through Structural Equation Modeling to find out the relationship among various factors of the model and the Variance-Covariance analysis. The findings emerging from the study revealed that the latent variable of sustainable competitive advantage was delineated by cost, quality, diversity, and flexibility; and that the latent variable of domestic automobile manufacturers’ production and operations strategies were delineated by Kaizen strategies, enterprise resource planning, punctuality, and supply chain management models. Research findings bore on the significant positive effects of production and operations strategies on Iranian automotive industries sustainable competitive advantage.
Abbasi, M., Akbarpour Shirazi, M., & Aryanezhad, M. (2011), Determination of Optimal Manufacturing Strategy using a Modified Interpretive Structural Modeling Method and Linear Programming Model. International Journal of Industrial Engineering & Production Management, 21(4), 141-151. (In Persian).
Akhavan, P., & Imani, S. (2016), Review and determine the factors influencing knowledge sharing using grounded theory and techniques using Dematel-ISM Fuzzy. Journal of Information Processing and Management, 32(1) 93-122. (In Persian).
Amasaka, K. (2007), Applying new-JIT Toyota’s global production strategy: Epoch-making innovation of the work environment. Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, 23(3), 285-293.
Ang, J., Shimada, T., Quek, S. A., & Lim, E. (2015), Manufacturing strategy and competitive performance – An ACE analysis. International Journal of Production Economics, 169(C), 240-252.
Arman, H., Hodgson, A. & Gindy, N. (2010), An ontology-based knowledge management system to support technology intelligence. International Journal of Industrial and Systems Engineering, 5(3), 377–389.
Baines, T., Lightfoot, H., Benedettini, O., & Kay, J. M. (2009), The servitization of manufacturing: A review of literature and reflection on future challenges. Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, 20(5), 547-567.
Barney, J. (2001), Is the resource-based “view” a useful perspective for strategic management research? Academy of Management Review, 26(1), 41-56.
Benedettini, O., Neely, A., & Swink, M. (2015), Why do servitized firms fail? A risk-based explanation. International Journal of Operations and Production Management, 35(6), 946-979.
Boyer, K., & Pagell, M. (2000), Measurement issues in empirical research: improving measures of operations strategy and advanced manufacturing technology. Journal of Operations Management, 18(3), 361-374.
Chae, B. K., Olson, D., & Sheu, C. (2014), The impact of supply chain analytics on operational performance: A resource-based view. International Journal of Production Research, 52(16), 4695-4710.
Chaharbaghi, K., & Lynch, R. (1999), Sustainable competitive advantage: toward a dynamic Resource-based strategy, Management Decision, 37(1), 45-50.
Díaz-Garrido, E., Martín-Peña, M. L., & Sánchez-López, J. M. (2011), Competitive priorities in operations: development of an indicator of strategic position. CIRP Journal of Manufacturing Science and Technology, 4(1), 118–125.
Drohomeretski, E., Da Costa, S. G., De Lima, E. P., & Da Rosa Garbuio, P. A. (2014), Lean, Six Sigma and Lean Six Sigma: an analysis based on operations strategy. International Journal of Production Research, 52(3), 804-824.
D’Souza, C., Marjoribanks, T., Young, S., Sullivan Mort, G., Nanere, M., & John, J. J. (2019), Environmental management systems: an alternative marketing strategy for sustainability. Journal of Strategic Marketing, 27(5), 417-434.
Flinn, P. (2019), Managing technology and product development programmes: Aframework for success. New York: Wiley Online Library.
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. (1981), Evaluating Structural Equation Modeling with Unobserved Variables and Measurement Error. Journal of Marking Research, 18(1), 39-50.
Foss, N., & Knudsen, T. (2003), The Resource-Based Tangle: toward a sustainable Explanation of competitive advantage. Managerial Decision Economics, 24(4), 291-307.
Galeazzo, A. & Klassen, R. (2015), Organizational context and the implementation of environmental and social practices: what are the linkages to manufacturing strategy? Journal of Cleaner Production,108(A),158-168.
Ge, B., Yang, Y., Jiang, D., Gao, Y., Du, X., & Zhou, T. (2018), An empirical study on green innovation strategy and sustainable competitive advantages: Path and boundary. Sustainability, 10(10), 3631.
Gebauer, H., Gustafsson, A., & Witell, L. (2011), Competitive advantage through service differentiation by manufacturing companies. Journal of Business Research, 64(12), 1270–1280.
Goodale, J., Kuratko, D., Hornsby, J., & Covin, J. (2011), Operations management and corporate entrepreneurship: the moderating effect of operations control on the antecedents of corporate entrepreneurial activity in relation to innovation performance. Journal of Operations Management, 29(1–2), 116–127.
Hallam, C., Valerdi, R., & Contreras C. (2018), Strategic lean actions for sustainable competitive advantage. International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, 35(2), 481-509.
Hilletofth, P., & Sansone, C. (2018), A framework of important operations capabilities in a high cost environment (Working Paper). Jönköping University.
Hoseini, S. M., Haji pour, B., & Nezami Vand Chegini, H. (2016), Entrepreneurship Approach, the dominant approach to creating strategies in successful Iranian companies. Tomorrow Management, 49(22), 41-62. (In Persian)
Ireland, D., Hoskisson, R. & Hitt, M. (2009), The Management of Strategy: Concepts and Cases, 8th Edition, Ohio: South-Western Cengage Learning.
Jafarnejad, A. (2013), Modern operations and production management (concepts, systems, models, and supply chain). Tehran: University of Tehran. (In Persian).
Jafarnejad, A., & Mokhtarzadeh, N. (2007), The Presentation of a Quantitative Model for Auditing the Conformity of Production and Marketing Strategies. Iran Association of Management Science, 2(6), 95-122. (In Persian).
Jafarnejad, A., & Ramezanian, M. R. (2005), Determining the relationship between the quality of competitive priority and strategic decisions and optimal activities in successful industry players. Management Knowledge, 18(2), 25-54. (In Persian)
Jonsson, H., & Rudberg, M. (2017), Kpis for Measuring Performance of Production Systems for Residential Building: A Production Strategy Perspective. Construction Innovation, 17(3), 381-403.
Karimi Alvijeh, M. R., Safaei, M., & Ahmadi, M. M. (2016), Identification of the critical success factors of Iran's lubricants industry using the method of network analysis process for gaining competitive advantage. Researches of Management Organization Resources, 6(2), 71-91. (In Persian)
Kim, Ch., & Mauborgne, R. (2005), Blue ocean strategy: from theory to practice, California, 47(3), 1-18.
Kim, K. H., Jeon, B. J., Jung, H. S., Lu, W., & Jones, J. (2012), Effective employment brand equity through sustainable competitive advantage, marketing strategy, and corporate image’, Journal of Business Research, 65(11), 1612–1617.
Kleindorfer, P. R., Singhal, K., & Van Wassenhove, L. N. (2005), Sustainable operations management. Production and Operations Management, 14(4), 482-492.
Koch, Ch., Bennett, D., & Markussen, Th. (2015), Operations strategy for maintaining competitiveness in European automotive company. International Association for Management of Technology, Chalmers University Conference, 2522-2532.
Lee, H. H., Nunez, M., & Cruz, J. (2018), Competition for limited critical resources and the adoption of environmentally sustainable strategies. European Journal of Operational Research, 264(3), 1130-1143.
Liu, Y., & Liang, L. (2015), Evaluating and developing resource-based operations strategy for competitive advantage: An exploratory study of finish high-tech manufacturing industries. International Journal of Operations and Production Research, 53(4), 1019-1037.
Lowson, R. (2002), Operations strategy: genealogy, classification and anatomy. International Journal of Operations and Production Management, 22(10), 1112 – 1129.
Ma, H., Sun, Q., Gao, Y., & Gao, Y. (2019), Resource integration, reconfiguration, and sustainable competitive advantages: The different between traditional and emerging industries. Sustainability, 11(2), 551-571.
Massow, M. V., & Canbolat, M. (2014), A strategic decision framework for a value added supply chain. International Journal of Production Research, 52(7), 1940-1955.
Mungai, J. G. (2014), Operations strategies and project performance of Japan international cooperation agency founded projects in Kenya. Ph.D. Thesis. College of Humanity and Social Science. University of Nairobi, 1-64.
Nayebzadeh, Sh. (2010), A Study of the Relationship between Business Strategy Compatibility with the Production Strategy and Performance of the Sapia Diesel Company. Journal of Industrial Strategic Management, 7(17), 11-37.
Nunes, B., Bennett, D., & Duncan, Sh. (2016), Green operations strategy of a luxury car manufacturer. Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, 28(1), 1-18.
Panizzolo, R. (1998), Applying the lessons learnes from 27 lean manufacturers: The relevance of relationships management. International Journal of Production Economic, 55(3), 223-240.
Papadas, K. K., Avlonitis, G., Carrigan, M., & Piha, L. (2019), The interplay of strategic and internal green marketing orientation on competitive advantage. Journal of Business Research, 104(C), 632-643.
Pooya, A. (2014), Effect of Production Technology to Production Competetive Capabilities and Improving Business Performance (Resource Based View). Journal of Technology Development Management, 2(3), 35-54. (In Persian)
Porter, M. (1985), The competitive advantage: Creating and sustaining superior performance. New York: Free Press, 1-557.
Pourabedi, M. R. (2016), An Investigation of Organizational Ambidexterity dominant element in the scientific and technological organizations (Case study: ICECR). Journal of Public Administration, 8(1), 33-54. (In Persian)
Rabetino, R., Kohtamäki, M., & Gebauer, H. (2017), Strategy map of servitization. International Journal of Production Economics, 192, 144-156.
Reim, W., Parida, V., & Sjödin, D. (2016), Risk management for product-service system operation. International Journal of Operations and Production Management, 36(6), 665-686.
Samarrokhi, A., Jenab, K., Arumugam, V. Ch., & Weinsire, Ph. (2014), A new model for achieving sustainable competitive advantage thorough operations strategies in manufacturing companies. International Journal of Logistics Systems and Management, 19(1), 115-130.
Sansone, C., Hilletofth, P., & Eriksson, D. (2017), Critical operations capabilities for competitive manufacturing: A systematic review. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 117(5), 801–837.
Schubert, P., Williams, S., & Woelfle, R. (2011), Sustainable competitive advantage in E-Commerce and the role of the enterprise system. International Journal of Enterprise Information Systems, 7(2), 1-17.
Singh, P., Wiengarten, F., Nand, A., & Betts, T. (2015), Beyond the trade-off and cumulative capabilities models: alternative models of operations strategy. International Journal of Production Research, 53(13), 4001-4020.
Sousa, R., & Da Silveira, G. J. C. (2017), Capability antecedents and performance outcomes of servitization: Differences between basic and advanced services. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 37(4), 444-467.
Sukwadi, R., Hui-Ming, W., & Ching-Chow, Y. (2013), Supply Chain Performance Based on the Lean– Agile Operations and Supplier–Firm Partnership: An Empirical Study on the Garment Industry in Indonesia. Journal of Small Business Management, 51(2), 297-311.
Szasz, L., & Seer, L. (2018), Towards an operations strategy model of servitization: The role of sustainability pressure. Operations Management Research, 11(1-2), 51-66.
Tukker, A. (2004), Eight types of product–service system: eight ways to sustainability? Experiences from SusProNet. Business Strategy and the Environment, 13(4), 246-260.
Vahdati, H., Saedi, A., & Shariatnejad, A. (2017), The Survey of the Effect of Strategic Intelligence on Human Capital, Structural Capital and Relational Capital in Insurance Industry. Journal of Organizational Culture Management, 15(3), 667-686.
Valinejad Tabrizi moghadam, E., Pooya, A., & Naji Azimi, Z. (2013), Develop QFD model to define manufacturing strategy based on competitive priorities performance. International Conference on Strategic Management. IRIB International Conference Center, Tehran, Iran, (In Persian)
Waters, D. (2006), Operations strategy. 1st Edition. Boston: Thomson Learning, 1-472.
Yadolahi Farsi, J., & Hosseini, M. (2017), A new view resource based competitive advantage. Journal of Organizational Culture Management, 5(1), 71-88.
Ying, Q., Hassan, H., & Ahmad, H. (2019), The role of a manager’s intangible capabilities in resource acquisition and sustainable competitive advantage. Sustainability, 11(2), 527-547.
Zhang, W., & Banerji, S. (2017), Challenges of servitization: A systematic literature review. Industrial Marketing Management, 65, 217–227.
_||_Abbasi, M., Akbarpour Shirazi, M., & Aryanezhad, M. (2011), Determination of Optimal Manufacturing Strategy using a Modified Interpretive Structural Modeling Method and Linear Programming Model. International Journal of Industrial Engineering & Production Management, 21(4), 141-151. (In Persian).
Akhavan, P., & Imani, S. (2016), Review and determine the factors influencing knowledge sharing using grounded theory and techniques using Dematel-ISM Fuzzy. Journal of Information Processing and Management, 32(1) 93-122. (In Persian).
Amasaka, K. (2007), Applying new-JIT Toyota’s global production strategy: Epoch-making innovation of the work environment. Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, 23(3), 285-293.
Ang, J., Shimada, T., Quek, S. A., & Lim, E. (2015), Manufacturing strategy and competitive performance – An ACE analysis. International Journal of Production Economics, 169(C), 240-252.
Arman, H., Hodgson, A. & Gindy, N. (2010), An ontology-based knowledge management system to support technology intelligence. International Journal of Industrial and Systems Engineering, 5(3), 377–389.
Baines, T., Lightfoot, H., Benedettini, O., & Kay, J. M. (2009), The servitization of manufacturing: A review of literature and reflection on future challenges. Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, 20(5), 547-567.
Barney, J. (2001), Is the resource-based “view” a useful perspective for strategic management research? Academy of Management Review, 26(1), 41-56.
Benedettini, O., Neely, A., & Swink, M. (2015), Why do servitized firms fail? A risk-based explanation. International Journal of Operations and Production Management, 35(6), 946-979.
Boyer, K., & Pagell, M. (2000), Measurement issues in empirical research: improving measures of operations strategy and advanced manufacturing technology. Journal of Operations Management, 18(3), 361-374.
Chae, B. K., Olson, D., & Sheu, C. (2014), The impact of supply chain analytics on operational performance: A resource-based view. International Journal of Production Research, 52(16), 4695-4710.
Chaharbaghi, K., & Lynch, R. (1999), Sustainable competitive advantage: toward a dynamic Resource-based strategy, Management Decision, 37(1), 45-50.
Díaz-Garrido, E., Martín-Peña, M. L., & Sánchez-López, J. M. (2011), Competitive priorities in operations: development of an indicator of strategic position. CIRP Journal of Manufacturing Science and Technology, 4(1), 118–125.
Drohomeretski, E., Da Costa, S. G., De Lima, E. P., & Da Rosa Garbuio, P. A. (2014), Lean, Six Sigma and Lean Six Sigma: an analysis based on operations strategy. International Journal of Production Research, 52(3), 804-824.
D’Souza, C., Marjoribanks, T., Young, S., Sullivan Mort, G., Nanere, M., & John, J. J. (2019), Environmental management systems: an alternative marketing strategy for sustainability. Journal of Strategic Marketing, 27(5), 417-434.
Flinn, P. (2019), Managing technology and product development programmes: Aframework for success. New York: Wiley Online Library.
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. (1981), Evaluating Structural Equation Modeling with Unobserved Variables and Measurement Error. Journal of Marking Research, 18(1), 39-50.
Foss, N., & Knudsen, T. (2003), The Resource-Based Tangle: toward a sustainable Explanation of competitive advantage. Managerial Decision Economics, 24(4), 291-307.
Galeazzo, A. & Klassen, R. (2015), Organizational context and the implementation of environmental and social practices: what are the linkages to manufacturing strategy? Journal of Cleaner Production,108(A),158-168.
Ge, B., Yang, Y., Jiang, D., Gao, Y., Du, X., & Zhou, T. (2018), An empirical study on green innovation strategy and sustainable competitive advantages: Path and boundary. Sustainability, 10(10), 3631.
Gebauer, H., Gustafsson, A., & Witell, L. (2011), Competitive advantage through service differentiation by manufacturing companies. Journal of Business Research, 64(12), 1270–1280.
Goodale, J., Kuratko, D., Hornsby, J., & Covin, J. (2011), Operations management and corporate entrepreneurship: the moderating effect of operations control on the antecedents of corporate entrepreneurial activity in relation to innovation performance. Journal of Operations Management, 29(1–2), 116–127.
Hallam, C., Valerdi, R., & Contreras C. (2018), Strategic lean actions for sustainable competitive advantage. International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, 35(2), 481-509.
Hilletofth, P., & Sansone, C. (2018), A framework of important operations capabilities in a high cost environment (Working Paper). Jönköping University.
Hoseini, S. M., Haji pour, B., & Nezami Vand Chegini, H. (2016), Entrepreneurship Approach, the dominant approach to creating strategies in successful Iranian companies. Tomorrow Management, 49(22), 41-62. (In Persian)
Ireland, D., Hoskisson, R. & Hitt, M. (2009), The Management of Strategy: Concepts and Cases, 8th Edition, Ohio: South-Western Cengage Learning.
Jafarnejad, A. (2013), Modern operations and production management (concepts, systems, models, and supply chain). Tehran: University of Tehran. (In Persian).
Jafarnejad, A., & Mokhtarzadeh, N. (2007), The Presentation of a Quantitative Model for Auditing the Conformity of Production and Marketing Strategies. Iran Association of Management Science, 2(6), 95-122. (In Persian).
Jafarnejad, A., & Ramezanian, M. R. (2005), Determining the relationship between the quality of competitive priority and strategic decisions and optimal activities in successful industry players. Management Knowledge, 18(2), 25-54. (In Persian)
Jonsson, H., & Rudberg, M. (2017), Kpis for Measuring Performance of Production Systems for Residential Building: A Production Strategy Perspective. Construction Innovation, 17(3), 381-403.
Karimi Alvijeh, M. R., Safaei, M., & Ahmadi, M. M. (2016), Identification of the critical success factors of Iran's lubricants industry using the method of network analysis process for gaining competitive advantage. Researches of Management Organization Resources, 6(2), 71-91. (In Persian)
Kim, Ch., & Mauborgne, R. (2005), Blue ocean strategy: from theory to practice, California, 47(3), 1-18.
Kim, K. H., Jeon, B. J., Jung, H. S., Lu, W., & Jones, J. (2012), Effective employment brand equity through sustainable competitive advantage, marketing strategy, and corporate image’, Journal of Business Research, 65(11), 1612–1617.
Kleindorfer, P. R., Singhal, K., & Van Wassenhove, L. N. (2005), Sustainable operations management. Production and Operations Management, 14(4), 482-492.
Koch, Ch., Bennett, D., & Markussen, Th. (2015), Operations strategy for maintaining competitiveness in European automotive company. International Association for Management of Technology, Chalmers University Conference, 2522-2532.
Lee, H. H., Nunez, M., & Cruz, J. (2018), Competition for limited critical resources and the adoption of environmentally sustainable strategies. European Journal of Operational Research, 264(3), 1130-1143.
Liu, Y., & Liang, L. (2015), Evaluating and developing resource-based operations strategy for competitive advantage: An exploratory study of finish high-tech manufacturing industries. International Journal of Operations and Production Research, 53(4), 1019-1037.
Lowson, R. (2002), Operations strategy: genealogy, classification and anatomy. International Journal of Operations and Production Management, 22(10), 1112 – 1129.
Ma, H., Sun, Q., Gao, Y., & Gao, Y. (2019), Resource integration, reconfiguration, and sustainable competitive advantages: The different between traditional and emerging industries. Sustainability, 11(2), 551-571.
Massow, M. V., & Canbolat, M. (2014), A strategic decision framework for a value added supply chain. International Journal of Production Research, 52(7), 1940-1955.
Mungai, J. G. (2014), Operations strategies and project performance of Japan international cooperation agency founded projects in Kenya. Ph.D. Thesis. College of Humanity and Social Science. University of Nairobi, 1-64.
Nayebzadeh, Sh. (2010), A Study of the Relationship between Business Strategy Compatibility with the Production Strategy and Performance of the Sapia Diesel Company. Journal of Industrial Strategic Management, 7(17), 11-37.
Nunes, B., Bennett, D., & Duncan, Sh. (2016), Green operations strategy of a luxury car manufacturer. Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, 28(1), 1-18.
Panizzolo, R. (1998), Applying the lessons learnes from 27 lean manufacturers: The relevance of relationships management. International Journal of Production Economic, 55(3), 223-240.
Papadas, K. K., Avlonitis, G., Carrigan, M., & Piha, L. (2019), The interplay of strategic and internal green marketing orientation on competitive advantage. Journal of Business Research, 104(C), 632-643.
Pooya, A. (2014), Effect of Production Technology to Production Competetive Capabilities and Improving Business Performance (Resource Based View). Journal of Technology Development Management, 2(3), 35-54. (In Persian)
Porter, M. (1985), The competitive advantage: Creating and sustaining superior performance. New York: Free Press, 1-557.
Pourabedi, M. R. (2016), An Investigation of Organizational Ambidexterity dominant element in the scientific and technological organizations (Case study: ICECR). Journal of Public Administration, 8(1), 33-54. (In Persian)
Rabetino, R., Kohtamäki, M., & Gebauer, H. (2017), Strategy map of servitization. International Journal of Production Economics, 192, 144-156.
Reim, W., Parida, V., & Sjödin, D. (2016), Risk management for product-service system operation. International Journal of Operations and Production Management, 36(6), 665-686.
Samarrokhi, A., Jenab, K., Arumugam, V. Ch., & Weinsire, Ph. (2014), A new model for achieving sustainable competitive advantage thorough operations strategies in manufacturing companies. International Journal of Logistics Systems and Management, 19(1), 115-130.
Sansone, C., Hilletofth, P., & Eriksson, D. (2017), Critical operations capabilities for competitive manufacturing: A systematic review. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 117(5), 801–837.
Schubert, P., Williams, S., & Woelfle, R. (2011), Sustainable competitive advantage in E-Commerce and the role of the enterprise system. International Journal of Enterprise Information Systems, 7(2), 1-17.
Singh, P., Wiengarten, F., Nand, A., & Betts, T. (2015), Beyond the trade-off and cumulative capabilities models: alternative models of operations strategy. International Journal of Production Research, 53(13), 4001-4020.
Sousa, R., & Da Silveira, G. J. C. (2017), Capability antecedents and performance outcomes of servitization: Differences between basic and advanced services. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 37(4), 444-467.
Sukwadi, R., Hui-Ming, W., & Ching-Chow, Y. (2013), Supply Chain Performance Based on the Lean– Agile Operations and Supplier–Firm Partnership: An Empirical Study on the Garment Industry in Indonesia. Journal of Small Business Management, 51(2), 297-311.
Szasz, L., & Seer, L. (2018), Towards an operations strategy model of servitization: The role of sustainability pressure. Operations Management Research, 11(1-2), 51-66.
Tukker, A. (2004), Eight types of product–service system: eight ways to sustainability? Experiences from SusProNet. Business Strategy and the Environment, 13(4), 246-260.
Vahdati, H., Saedi, A., & Shariatnejad, A. (2017), The Survey of the Effect of Strategic Intelligence on Human Capital, Structural Capital and Relational Capital in Insurance Industry. Journal of Organizational Culture Management, 15(3), 667-686.
Valinejad Tabrizi moghadam, E., Pooya, A., & Naji Azimi, Z. (2013), Develop QFD model to define manufacturing strategy based on competitive priorities performance. International Conference on Strategic Management. IRIB International Conference Center, Tehran, Iran, (In Persian)
Waters, D. (2006), Operations strategy. 1st Edition. Boston: Thomson Learning, 1-472.
Yadolahi Farsi, J., & Hosseini, M. (2017), A new view resource based competitive advantage. Journal of Organizational Culture Management, 5(1), 71-88.
Ying, Q., Hassan, H., & Ahmad, H. (2019), The role of a manager’s intangible capabilities in resource acquisition and sustainable competitive advantage. Sustainability, 11(2), 527-547.
Zhang, W., & Banerji, S. (2017), Challenges of servitization: A systematic literature review. Industrial Marketing Management, 65, 217–227.