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      • Open Access Article

        1 - Effect of seeding rate and nitrogen levels on agronomic characteristics and nitrogen use efficiency of barley cultivar (MB-82-12)
        O. Satari M. Mirzakhani A. Hashemi
        The barley is one of the most important of cereal plants. This plant tolerance to drought and salinity is relatively good. In order to study the effect of seed rate and nitrogen levels on agronomic characteristics and nitrogen use efficiency of barley cultivar, this stu More
        The barley is one of the most important of cereal plants. This plant tolerance to drought and salinity is relatively good. In order to study the effect of seed rate and nitrogen levels on agronomic characteristics and nitrogen use efficiency of barley cultivar, this study was carried out in Aran and Bidgol region in 2014. A factorial arrangement of treatment in a randomized complete block design with four replications was used. Seed rate treatment (S1= 150, S2= 225, S3= 300 kg ha-1) and nitrogen levels treatment (N1= 0, N2= 75, N3= 150 kg ha-1), were assigned in plots. Each sub plot consisted of 6 row, 5 m long with 50 cm between rows space and 5 cm between plants on the rows was used. In this study characteristics such as: Plant height, number of fertile tiller, 1000 grain weight, number of grain per spike, grain yield, harvest index, protein percent, nitrogen use efficiency, nitrogen appear recovery and amount of nitrogen absorbted were assessed. Results indicated that the interactin effect of seed rate and nitrogen levels treatment on the characteristics such as: nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogen appear recovery was significant. The maximum and minimum of nitrogen appear recovery with average (0.44 and 0.14 %) were obtained by the treatment (150 kg ha-1 of seed + 75 kg ha-1 of nitrogen application) and (300 kg ha-1 of seed + 150 kg ha-1 of nitrogen application), respectively. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        2 - Effect of integrate nutrition of chemical and animal manures on yield and yield components of spring safflower
        M. Ghanbari M. Mirzakhani A. Hashemi
        Increasing overuse of chemical fertilizers has been causes environmental pollution, degradation of soil and crops. In order to study the effect of integrated application of chemical and animal manures on yield and yield components of spring safflower, the study was carr More
        Increasing overuse of chemical fertilizers has been causes environmental pollution, degradation of soil and crops. In order to study the effect of integrated application of chemical and animal manures on yield and yield components of spring safflower, the study was carried out in Fatholmobin field of Kashan in 2014. A factorial arrangement of treatment in a randomized complete block design with three replications was used. Chemical fertilizer treatment (Control, 50 kg ha-1 of nitrogen + 25 kg ha-1 of P2O5, 100 kg ha-1 of nitrogen + 50 kg ha-1 of P2O5, 150 kg ha-1 of nitrogen + 75 kg ha-1 of P2O5) and animal manure treatment (Control, 20 ton ha-1, 40 ton ha-1), were assigned in plots. Stem height, number of branches, number of bolls per plant, grains per boll, boll harvest index, 1000 grain weight, grain yield, protein content, phosphorus absorption, nitrogen agronomy efficiency and nitrogen use efficiency were determined. Results indicated that the interaction effects between chemical fertilizer and animal manure on 1000 grain weight, grain yield, protein content, phosphorus absorption, nitrogen agronomy efficiency and nitrogen use efficiency were significant. The highest and lowest of grain yield 1031 and 268 kg ha-1 were obtained in 150 kg ha-1 of nitrogen + 75 kg ha-1 of P2O5 + 20 t ha-1 of animal manure and without application of the chemical and animal manure, respectively. Manuscript profile