ارزیابی رشد و توانایی گیاه پالایی تال فسکیو زینتی و آفتابگردان در خاک‌های آلوده به هیدروکربن های نفتی
Subject Areas : Journal of Ornamental Plants
1 - گروه کشاورزی، واحد یادگار امام خمینی(ره) شهرری، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
Keywords: لجن نفتی, کلید واژه‌ها: کل هیدروکربن‌های نفتی, عملکرد ریشه و اندام هوایی, پالایشگاه نفت اصفهان,
Abstract :
چکیده لجن نفتی پسماندهای حاصل از فرآیندهای پالایش نفت خام می‌باشند و اولویت‌ترین آلاینده های آلی موجود در محیط زیست هستند. تحقیق حاضر با هدف بررسی توانایی گیاه آفتابگردان و تال فسکیوی زینتی جهت پالایش لجن نفتی پالایشگاه اصفهان و عکس‌العمل رشد این گیاهان به آلودگی نفتی در شرایط گلخانه انجام شد. بدین منظور لجن نفتی پس از هوا خشک شدن به نسبت‌های صفر(شاهد)، 10 و 20 درصد وزنی با خاک غیر آلوده مخلوط و به صورت جداگانه در گلدان (3 kg) ریخته شد. آزمایش به‌صورت کرت‌های خرد شده در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی در سه تکرار اجرا گردید. بر اساس نتایج، میانگین درصد جوانه‌زنی گیاه تال فسکیو با افزایش مقدار لجن از سطح 0 به سطح 10 و 20 درصد به‌طور معنی‌داری کاهش یافت (P<0.01). در گیاه آفتابگردان این کاهش معنی‌دار نبود. میانگین ارتفاع، عملکرد ریشه و اندام هوایی گیاه تال فسکیو فقط در تیمار 20 درصد لجن نفتی نسبت به تیمار شاهد کاهش معنی‌دار نشان داد. در گیاه آفتابگردان این کاهش در هر سه سطح لجن معنی‌دار نبود (P<0.01). بیشترین مقدار کاهش هیدروکربن‌های نفتی (89%) در ریزوسفر گیاه تال فسکیو، در سطح 10 درصد لجن نفتی مخلوط با خاک مشاهده شد. با افزایش میزان لجن مصرفی به بیش از 10 درصد، میزان تجزیه هیدروکربن‌های نفتی در ریزوسفر هر دو گیاه به طور معنی‌داری کاهش یافت. بنابراین به دلیل رشد و عملکرد مناسب ماده خشک گیاهی و داشتن سیستم ریشه فیبری در گیاه تال فسکیو که سبب کاهش بیشتر کل هیدروکربن‌های نفتی می‌شود، استفاده از این گیاه به عنوان گونه‌ای مناسب برای گیاه پالایی خاک‌های آلوده به لجن نفتی پالایشگاه اصفهان توصیه می‌شود.
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