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  • List of Articles


      • Open Access Article

        1 - Tourism King of Climate Comfort in Kohgiluyeh and Boyerahmad Province Using The Effective Temperature Index
        Hasan Lashkari Manochehr Farajzadeh Ahmad Abdolpoor
        Today's weather and climate of each region plays the role of tourism development so that satisfaction of any tourism activity depends on climatic conditions during the visit will be provided. What comfort in terms of the time and space tourism, travel and physiological More
        Today's weather and climate of each region plays the role of tourism development so that satisfaction of any tourism activity depends on climatic conditions during the visit will be provided. What comfort in terms of the time and space tourism, travel and physiological aspects of the human body is very important? Therefore it is necessary to develop tourism in Kohgiluyeh and boyerahmad times and places suitable for climatic comfort is the tourism. It determined that the effective temperature range of indicators have been used in extreme climatic comfort of the index of hourly data of temperature, relative moisture Yasuj and Gachsaran stations for a period of 19 years data (1987-2005) has been used. The results of the calculations and diagrams based on indicators of effective temperature, it was found that none of the clock in the station Yasuj months January, February, March, November and December, there is no climatic comfort conditions. And during the hours of 7 months of the year during April, May, June, July, August, September and October are under areas of comfort and relaxation almost 4 months to 7 months, respectively, during May, October, September and June of Most of the time when the tourism climatic comfort is required. But the station Gachsaran, comfort climate for different months of the year this way is that the conditions during the 7 months of the year ie January, February, May, June, July, August and September for Tourism is not in the remaining months, including March, April, October, November and December in the areas of comfort and relaxation are almost the best conditions for tourism have long desired. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        2 - Investigating of Effect Flood Spreading Madvar on Some of Physical & Chemical Soil Properties
        Masoud Beheshtirad
        Most part of Iran is situated in arid and semi-arid areas. Among features are irregularity in precipitation and improper distribution in terms of time, flood and drought, soil erosion and desertification. Therefore, under such circumstances, the shortage of water along More
        Most part of Iran is situated in arid and semi-arid areas. Among features are irregularity in precipitation and improper distribution in terms of time, flood and drought, soil erosion and desertification. Therefore, under such circumstances, the shortage of water along with its effect of farm lands has considerable effect on natural resources. Nowadays in most part of the world, in order to supply water, improve of soil fertility, prevent erosion and flood in additional to watershed artificial flood, flood spreading and aquifer management is utilized and its positive effects are always emphasized. In this study the effects of implemented flood spreading on some physical and chemical properties such as amount of organic mutter, Nitrogen, Phosphor, Potassium, clay, silt, sand, PH and EC comparing with the areas without flood spreading have been studied using T test. Results shows that amount of organic mutter, Nitrogen, Phosphor, Potassium and clay have been increased. The amount of silt, sand, PH and EC have been not changed. Results prove the positive effect of flood spreading on soil properties in this area. Therefore, maintain the implementations of such plans are emphasized. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        3 - Preparing and Drawing Maps of Geomorphology of Western Gilan Province With The Scale 1: 25,000 A Case Study of The Range of Astara – Hawiq
        Rafat Shahmari Ardejani
        Most of the settlements of Guilan province have certain natural constraints in physical development. In terms of geomorphology, these centers, in their physical development, have problems such as earthquakes, groundwater surface condition, forward and backward on the sh More
        Most of the settlements of Guilan province have certain natural constraints in physical development. In terms of geomorphology, these centers, in their physical development, have problems such as earthquakes, groundwater surface condition, forward and backward on the shores of the sea, flood, range of motion, etc. In many environmental management issues and land use, the most important and useful help of geomorphologist is displaying shapes and surface effects on the geomorphology maps, since the establishment and creation of settlements, above all, depend on normal conditions (geology, topographic, soils, hydrology, climate) and geographic location. Therefore, geomorphologic phenomena have a significant impact on the emergence, formation, distribution, and physical development of urban and rural settlements.This article is part of a research project under the same title (Preparing Geomorphologic Map of the West of Guilan with 1:25000 scale) which was conducted by the author in the West part of Guilan province; the results show that geomorphologic phenomena have an important role in the physical expansion of the settlements in the West of the province, some of which are the Caspian coastal sand dunes, steel wetlands (South West Astara), the Marine barracks around Choubar and Haviq, Global faults of Astara, and alluvial materials of Lavandevil, Choubar, and Haviq rivers, and range of processes, create some problems for the physical development of the settlements of the research area. Research method is based on form and process analysis on 1:25000 topographic maps, geology 1:100,000, aerial photographs, and, finally, at some stages of field visits, all the data on the land was evaluated. It is hoped that this work will provide a basis so that it would be possible to prepare these maps in broad national coverage for all the provinces, and give the report to the administrative organizations Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        4 - Zoning Lorestan Province By Using of Cluster Analysis
        Majid Rezaei banafsheh Yousef Kakoolvand
        Using advanced statistical methods such as multivariate statistical analysis, one way is to separate areas from each other. In the present study, based on hierarchical cluster analysis methods and compare the different methods, Annual and monthly data for 9 stations for More
        Using advanced statistical methods such as multivariate statistical analysis, one way is to separate areas from each other. In the present study, based on hierarchical cluster analysis methods and compare the different methods, Annual and monthly data for 9 stations for 10 years (2000-2009) Taked of Lorestan province meteorological Department, and the analysis Done. The purpose of this study addition to showing how cluster analysis process, Climatic zoning Lorestan province is Include four Area: 1-Semi humid, temperate summers, very cold winters (Alashtar, Azna ...) 2- Semi-moist, relatively warm summers, cold winters (Aligoodarz, Boroujerd ...)3- Semi-humid, hot summers, temperate winters (Khorramabad and Kouhdasht)4- Semi-dry, hot summers, relatively cold winters (Poldokhtar). Zoning of Province has been by using ARC GIS. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        5 - Assessment of Geotourism Capabilities and Potentials in Sustainable Development (Case study: Darband Pond in Sahneh City)
        Azadeh Arbabi
        Getourism, as one of the sustainable tourism, aims partaking of geologic and geomorphologic landforms and attracts in order to economic and social native community and sustainable development. In order to provide this aim, geotourism assess series of scientific, conserv More
        Getourism, as one of the sustainable tourism, aims partaking of geologic and geomorphologic landforms and attracts in order to economic and social native community and sustainable development. In order to provide this aim, geotourism assess series of scientific, conservational and tourism indicators and criteria and determines suitable planning with present condition for sustainable development. Having different ponds, Sahneh city in Kermanshah province, is one of the tourism destinations in the province. Darband pond is one of the most important ponds in the city. This pond is located in northeast aspect of Sahneh city. Having geodiversity, beautiful nature, historical elements and suitable tourism services, this pond is one of the important tourism destinations. In this paper is tried for assessment geotourism and geotourism planning for Darband pond. For assessment geotourism, it is applied GAM and Fasoulas method that involve different geotourism values. These values are assessed by using librarian and surveying researches. Final results shows that Darband pond have suitable condition in order to geotourism development and sustainable development and causing equal values of scientific, conservational and tourism values, this geomorphosite is in sustainable condition, although it is not high level geomorphosite yet. However, this region has capability for affecting in sustainable development of Sahneh city, therefore, geotourism planning of the pond should determine on approach of marketing and economy and imperceptible raising of geotourism values in order to maintain sustainability Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        6 - Assessment of Climate Tourism in City Shiraz Using Physiologic Equivalence Temperature and Predicted Mean Vote Indexes
        Abbas Ali Arvin Kobra Shojaeezadeh
        Weather plays an important role as an agent of the natural environment Human activities, especially tourism plays. At This study was conducted to evaluate the climatic conditions of the city's tourist Shiraz ،Shiraz synoptic meteorological data station a 16-year period More
        Weather plays an important role as an agent of the natural environment Human activities, especially tourism plays. At This study was conducted to evaluate the climatic conditions of the city's tourist Shiraz ،Shiraz synoptic meteorological data station a 16-year period (2005-1990) are used. The method used to assess climate comfort, physiological equivalent temperature index and middle surveys are anticipated. The results show that the highest climatic conditions for leisure and tourism activities in the city in two distinct periods in mid-spring (May) and early autumn (October) is located. Continued from June to August average heat stress and cold stress in different crops by the end of November, during the winter months is a factor to limit tourism. Others for months of warm heat a little bit cool, of temperature and humidity relatively are suitable for tourism so the city about 5 months of the year there is a favorable climate for tourism and visitor. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        7 - Evaluation of Vulnerable Urban Areas, in Terms of Defence Aspect Case Study: Ten Regional of Tehran
        Mohsen Ranjbar Maryam Hamzeh Neyestani
        Road networks, one of the most important elements in increasing or decreasing the vulnerability of a city. Number of access routes to reduce vulnerability and losses will have a significant impact This study is based on the use of existing data on Urban vulnerability fr More
        Road networks, one of the most important elements in increasing or decreasing the vulnerability of a city. Number of access routes to reduce vulnerability and losses will have a significant impact This study is based on the use of existing data on Urban vulnerability from the perspective of Ten regional of Tehran defence aspect in relation to the inquiry into the appropriateness of the level of vulnerability of urban street network hierarchy associated with the earthquake should view defence aspect.Data collection method mainly due to the type of library and field research (interview) also been used. In this paper, a method to evaluate the compliance matrix with spatially ten Region of Tehran Municipality has been using the principles of defence aspect. The results indicate non-compliance defence aspect in the ten regional of Tehran. Thus we can take preventive measures before the financial crisis to reduce the damage and the most important thoroughfares of the city, where the death toll is higher than the rest of the city did Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        8 - The Influence of Synoptic Flows on Sea Breeze in Caspian Sea Southern Coasts
        ghasem Azizi Jafar Masoompour Samakosh Faramarz Khoshakhlagh Abbas Ranjbar Saadatabadi
        Sea breeze is a local circulation taking place over the coastal areas. This phenomenon is as a result of the thermal dissimilarity between the land and sea. The study of SB characteristics in relation to synoptic-scale flows is important due to their influence on precip More
        Sea breeze is a local circulation taking place over the coastal areas. This phenomenon is as a result of the thermal dissimilarity between the land and sea. The study of SB characteristics in relation to synoptic-scale flows is important due to their influence on precipitation, air pollution transport and diffusion and intensity of convection. The focus of this paper is on sea breeze (SB) characteristics during May-September and the effect of synoptic prevailing winds on this phenomenon in the Caspian Sea Southern Coasts. The data set including 168-days sea breeze for a period of 17-years (1990-2006) were determined over the southern coasts of Caspian Sea. All days under the study were investigated in order to determine the type of flows in the sea level and at the 850-hPa, and their impacts on the sea breeze as well as sea breeze developing towards the land. In order to obtain the best results, we employed the outputs of TAMP model as well. The wind regimes were classified into 2 categories (onshore and offshore). Finally, the main characteristics of sea breeze were tested include Mean lag of the SB passage, wind speed and direction at the onset time, Mean duration of the SB and sea breeze developing towards the land. It is found that in comparison with onshore synoptic flows, offshore flows postpone arrival and termination of SBs. On the contrary, the strong onshore flows accelerate the start of sea breeze. Three simulations presented in the case study confirmed the effect of sea surface colder temperature and thermal difference between land-sea across the coast on the weakness and strength of the sea breeze circulation; it means that when the offshore synoptic wind flow is mild and gentle, the thermal gradient of sea-land appears which is necessary for the beginning or end of the sea breeze circulation. The results showed when the prevailing synoptic winds oppose the sea breeze, the effectiveness and power of the sea breeze depends strongly on the inter-diurnal variations of the synoptic pressure gradient and temperature gradient between the land and sea. Manuscript profile