An assay for determining the epidemy of dominant Leptospirosis producing serovars among personnel of an industrial slaughter house

Subject Areas : Medical Microbiology

Pejvak Khaki ¹ , Ebrahim Khodaverdi Darian ² , Soheila Moradi Bidhendi ³ , Hamid Yahaghi ⁴ , Mehrangiz Dejbord ⁵ , Nahid Soltani Majd ⁶

1 - Department of Microbiology, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran
2 - Young Researchers and Elite Club, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
3 - Department of Microbiology, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran
4 - Department of Microbiology, Science and research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran
5 - Department of Microbiology, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
6 - Young Researchers and Elite Club, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran

Received: 2013-06-22 Accepted : 2013-06-22 Published : 2012-01-01

Keywords:

Abstract :

Background and Objectives: Leptospirosis is one of the most significant zoonotic diseases with intensive frequency worldwide. The infection of individuals in any given slaughter house is fortuitous and it will normally occur after a direct contact with animals’ urine or their carcass. This study was aimed to evaluate the rate of serum infection with the various strains of Leptospira interrogance among the industrial slaughter house personnel of Zanjan province. Material and Methods: In this cross sectional descriptive study, 98 serum samples were collected from the personnel of the industrial slaughter house placedin Zanjan province throughout 2011. After sampling, all the serum samples were subjected to microscopic agglutination Test (MAT) by seven live Leptospiral serotypes (made by Razi Vaccine and Serum Institute, Karaj, Iran).  Results: The results obtained from study of the serum samples indicated that 34 (34.7%) samples had positive reactions to one or more serovars. The remaining samples (65.3%) were serologically negative.Sejroe Hardjo, Grippotyphosa, and Canicola serovars were the most prevalent serovars of Leptospira with the frequency rates of %47.8, %15.2, and %13, respectively. Conclusions: Since there is a high frequency rate of seropositive cases in the personnel, there is a high possibility for transmitting of the contamination into the food cycle. Therefore, a vaccination program for the personnel is recommended.

References:

1- Shoaei S. Seroepidemiology of leptospiral infected in cows of East Azarbaijan Province. Veterinary Medicine. Islamic Azad University of Tabriz., 1995. Thesis No 20. [In Persian].

2-Wong, M. L., S. Kaplan, L. M. Dunkle, B. W. Stechenberg, and R. D. Feigin. Leptospirosis: a childhood disease.1977 J. Pediatr. 90:532–537.

3- Faine, S., B. Adler, C. Bolin, and P. Perolat. Leptospira and leptospirosis,2nd ed. MedSci, Melbourne, Australia. 1999

 4-Vinetz JM .Leptospirosis. Curr Opin Infect Dis 1997; 10:357-361

5- Levett, P. N. Leptospirosis: re-emerging or re-discovered disease? J. Med. Microbiol. 1999. 48:417–418.

6-Vande-yousefi J, Moradi Bid Hendi S, Aarabi A, Adeli M, Charkhkar S. Serological study of Leptospirosis in humans and livestock. Third National congress of diseases transmitted between humans and animals. Mashhad. 1997.P. 59-60.

7- Goval S.M, Mech L.D. prevalence of antibody titers of leptospira in sheep. Vet. bult Obst. 1992. No 1575. (Persian).

8- Levett, P. N., Branch S. L., Whittington, C. U., Edwards, C. N and H.Paxton.Two methods for rapid serological diagnosis of acute leptospirosis.Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immune. . 2001.  8:349–351.

9- Alonso-Andicoberry, C., Garcia-Pena, F. J., Pereira-Bueno, J.,Costas E. and Ortega-Mora, L. M. Herd-level risk factors  associated with Leptospira spp. Seroprevalence in dairy and beef  cattle in Spain. Preventive Veterinary medicine. 2001. 52: 109-117.

10-Hajj Hajikolaei MR, Ghorbanpour Najafabadi M, Abdollahpour G. Serological study of leptospirosis in cattle in Ahvaz .J. Fac .Vet .Med.Univ.Tehran.; 2005. 60:7-14

11-Abdollahpour G, Shafighi T, Sattari TS .Serodiagnosis of  leptospirosis in cattle in north of Iran, Gilan. Int. J. Vet. Res.; (2009).  3(1): 7

12-Hajj Hajikolaei MR, Ghorbanpour M, Gharibi D, Abdollahpour G. Serologic study on Leptospiral infection in sheep in Ahvaz,southwestern Iran. Iranian J. Vet. Res.,; 2007. 8: 333-336.

 13-Sakhaie  E, Abdollahpour  G, Bolourchi M, Hasani Tabatabayi AM, Sattari Tabrizi S. Serologic and bacteriologic diagnosis of bovine leptospirosis in Tehran suburb dairy farms. Iranian J. Vet. Res.,; 2007. 8: 325-332.

14-Shafighi T, Abdollahpour G, Zahraei Salehi T, Tadjbakhsh H. Serological and bacteriological study of leptospirosis in slaughtered cattle in north of Iran (Rasht). Afr J Microbiol Res.; 2010. 4(20): 2118-121.

15- Word Health Organization, Haman Leptospirosis: Guidance for Diagno sis, Sureilance, and control .Geuva; WHO, 2003

16. Imandar M.Hasanpor A,Asgarlo S,Abdolah por GH,Khakpor M. Prevalence study of frequency rate for epidemic of dominant serovars producing Leptospirosis and serum infection with the  various Leptospiral serotypes among the industrial slaughter house   personnel  in khoy-Iran. Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences. 2011;77-85

17-Ebrahimi A, Abdollahpour G, Alijani L. Serological survey of human letospirosis in tribal areas of west central Iran. IJMS, 2003; 28: 93-95.

18- Rodríguez-Parra M E, Bocanegra-Alonso A, Casar-Solares A, Acosta-González R I, Cruz-Hernández N I  and Flores-Gutiérrez G H. Epidemiological patterns of Leptospira interrogans among slaughterhouse workers from the Eastern United States-Mexico border region.  African Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. .2012. 6(7), pp. 1584-1590.

19- Bharadwaj R, Bal AM, Joshi SA, Kagal A, Pol SS, Garad G and et al. An urban outbreak

leptospirosis in Bumbai, India. Japanese Journal of Infectious Disease 2002; 55: 194-196

20- Natarajaseenivasan K, Boopalan M, Selvanayaki K, Suresh SR, Ratnam S. Leptospirosis among Rice Mill workers of salem, South India. Japanese Journal of Infectious Disease 2002; 14: 170- 173.

21-Ashford DA.Analysis of the 1998 outbreak of leptospirosis in Missouri in humans exposed to infected swine. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. (2000).  216(5): 676-682.

22-Nájera S, Alvis N, Babilonia D, Alvarez L, Máttar S. Leptospirosis  ocupacional en una región del Caribe colombiano. Salud Publica Mex., (2005). 47(3): 240-244.: [Occupational leptospirosis in a Colombian Caribbean area] [Article in Spanish].

23-Garcia JL, Navarro IT. Serologic survey for leptospirosis and brucellosis in patients from the rural area of Guaraci County, Parana State, Brazil. Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop. .(2001(, 34(3): 301-302.

24-Perret PC, Abarca VK, Dabanch PJ, Solari GV, García CP, Carrasco LS, Olivares CR, Avalos P. Prevalencia y presencia de factores de riesgo de leptospirosis en una población de riesgo de la Región Metropolitana. Rev. Med. Chil., (2005).  133(4): 426-431.: [Risk factors and frequency of positive antibodies for leptospirosis in a sub urban population near Santiago] [Article in Spanish]

25- Ciceroni L, Stepan E, Pinto A, Pizzocaro P, Dettori G, Franzin L and et al. Epidemiological trand of human leptospirosis in Italy between 1994 and 1996. European Journal of Epidemiology 2000; 16:79-86.

26- Eshraghi S. Honarmand HR, Khorrami Zadeh MR, Harts Kyrl R, Ghanaei F, Abdullah Pur Gh, and et al. Study of contamination of human leptospirosis in Guilan province, north of Iran. Iranian

Journal of Public Health 2007; 36: 68-72.

27-. Khalili I, Vande-yousefi J, Naghili B. Seroepidemiological study of human leptospirosis in Tabriz.  Third National Congress of diseases transmitted between humans and animals. 1997. Mashhad,Iran.

28-Goncalves DD, Teles PS, dos Reis CR, Lopes FM, Freire RL, Navarro IT, Alves LA, Muller EE, de Freitas JC. Seroepidemiology and occupational and environmental variables for leptospirosis, brucellosis and toxoplasmosis in slaughterhouse workers in the Paraná State, Brazil. Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Sao Paulo, (2006).  48(3): 135-140.

29-Babur C, Ozdemir V, Kiliç S, Erol E, Esen B. Anti-Leptospira antibodies in slaughterhouse workers in Ankara. Mikrobiyol. Bul., (2003).  37(2-3): 143-150.

30-Benschop J, Heuer C , Jaros P, Collins-Emerson J, Midwinter A,Wilson P. Sero-prevalence of leptospirosis in workers at a New Zealand slaughterhouse. 2009.Vol 122 No 1307; ISSN 1175 8716.

31- Ezeh AO, Ellis WA, Add PB, Adesiyun AA. The prevalence of leptospirosis in abattoir workers in Jos, Nigeria. Israel Journal of Veterinary Medicine 1988; 44: 69-73.

32- Terry J, Trent M, Bartlet M. A cluster of leptospirosis among abbatoir workers Communicable Diseases Intelligence 2000; 24: 158-16