A review of the impact of the microbiome on autoimmune diseases
Subject Areas :
sara basri
1
*
,
Mohaddeseh Larypoor
2
1 -
2 - Department of Microbiology, North Branch of Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
Keywords: Keywords: Microbiota, Autoimmune Diseases, Immune System , Probiotic,
Abstract :
Introduction: Autoimmune diseases arise from an inappropriate immune response to self-antigens, leading to chronic inflammation and tissue damage. In recent decades, studies have demonstrated that the gut microbiome, a complex ecosystem of bacteria, fungi, and viruses, plays a crucial role in regulating the immune system and homeostasis. The aim of this review is to investigate the impact of the gut microbiome on the pathogenesis and progression of various autoimmune diseases. This review reveals that gut dysbiosis (an imbalance in the gut microbiota) is associated with many autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, and multiple sclerosis. Proposed mechanisms include the production of microbial metabolites, modulation of innate and adaptive immune responses, and effects on gut permeability. Finally, this review highlights the potential of microbiome-based therapeutic interventions, such as probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation, for managing autoimmune diseases, although further research is needed to confirm this potential. Conclusion: In summary, mounting evidence suggests that the gut microbiome plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Disruptions in microbiome composition and function can lead to immune dysregulation and an increased risk of these diseases. A precise understanding of the mechanisms underlying this association could lead to the development of new and effective therapeutic strategies based on modulating the gut microbiome for the prevention and treatment of autoimmune diseases. However, further research is crucial to validate these findings and determine the clinical applicability of these approaches.
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