The Relationship Between Hopelessness and Academic Self-concept with Test Anxiety Among Sixth Grade Primary Students

Subject Areas : Educational Psychology

Narges Pourtaleb ¹ , Mir Mahmoud Mirnasab ²

1 - Tabriz
2 - Tabriz

Received: 2016-05-24 Accepted : 2016-12-15 Published : 2018-11-22

Keywords: Academic Self-concept, test anxiety, hopelessness,

Abstract :

The current study aimed to investigate the relationship between academic self-concept and hopelessness with test anxiety. The statisticed population consisted of all primary students in sixth grade. A total of 231 students were selected using random cluster sampling method. Spiel Berger’s test anxiety inventory hopelessness scale for children Kazdyn et al. (1983) and academic self-concept questionnaire Yasin Y. Chen (2004) were administered. Correlation coefficient and regression analysis were used to analyses the data. The results correlation coefficient test showed significant negative relationship between academic self-concept and test anxiety. There was positive significant relationship between hopelessness and test anxiety. Additionally, the results of concurrent regression revealed that self-concept significantly predicts students' test anxiety among other predictor variables.  The Implications of this study with respect to importance of some personality traits on academic achievement are discussed.

References:

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Khorramirad, A.; Arsang, Sh.; Ahmari Tehran, H.; & Dehgani, H. (2013). The relationship between spiritual intelligence and test anxiety Nursing and Midwifery Students: Using Path Analysis. Iranian Journal of Medical Education, 13 (4), 319- 330. [in Persian]

Khormaie, F., Farmani, A., & Soltani, E. (2014). Investigating the Prediction Role of Patience as a Moral Construct and Personality Characteristics in the Hopelessness of University Students. Journal of Medical, 7(28), 167-199 [in Persian].

Marashian, F., & Khorami, N. S. (2012). The Effect of Early Morning on Academic Self-concept and Loneliness Foster Home Children in Ahvaz City. Procedia -Social and Behavioral Sciences, 46, 316-319.

Mohammadi, M., & Parandian, Sh. (2015). Survey of Test Anxiety Level in Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences It is with the characteristics of demographic data in 1393. Journal of the Center for the Study of Development of Educational Sciences in Yazd University of Medical Sciences, 10 (3), 227-236 [in Persian].

Morony, S., Kleitman, S., Ping Lee, Y., & Stankov, L. (2013). Predicting Achievement: Confidence vs Self-Efficacy, Anxiety, and Self-concept in Confucian and European Countries. International Journal of Educational Research¸ 58 ¸79–96.

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Pourtaleb, N., & Mirnasab, M. (2017). The Prediction of Students ʼ Test Anxiety Based on their Perfectionism Dimensions. Journal of Quarterly Clinical Psychology and Personality. Under print [in Persian].

Sabzeharaye Langroud, M., Mohammadi, M., Mehri, Y., & Talei, A. (2014). The components of mental health and test anxiety in Students of Talent and Normal Schools. Quarterly Journal of Applied Psychological Research, 5 (3), 1-17 [in Persian].

Sahebazzamani, M., & Zirak, A. (2011). Students' Study and Learning Strategies in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences and its Relationship with Level of exam anxiety. Iranian Journal of Medical Education, 11 (1), 58-68 [in Persian].

Sarin¸ S., Abela¸ Z., & Auerbach¸ R. P. (2005). The response styles theory of depression: A test of specificity and causal mediation. Cognition & Emotion¸ 19(5), 751–761.

Tarazi, Z., & Khadami, M. (2013). The effectiveness of teaching learning and study strategies on the development of self-concept in students with test anxiety.  Journal of school psychology, 2(1), 131-137 [in Persian].

Urhahne, D.¸ Chao, Sheng-Han¸ Luise Florineth, M.¸ & Luttenbergerand¸ S. (2011). Academic self-concept, learning motivation, and test anxiety of the underestimated student. British Journal of Educational Psychology ¸81, 161–177.

Vosougi Ilkhchi, S.; & Zahednazhad, H. (2012). The role of self-esteem, self-efficacy and satisfaction in students' test anxiety. Proceedings of the 6th National Mental Health Seminar of Students of Guilan University, 1013-1013 [in Persian].

XU Jin, XIE Ya-ning, ZHAO Jing-bo, & XU Jun. (2005). Effects of Self-concept on Test Anxiety Level among Sophomores in a medical college. J First Mil Med Univ ¸ 25(6).

Zargarzadeh, M., & Shirazi, M. (2014). The effect of progressive muscle relaxation method on test anxiety in nursing students. Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research, 19, 607- 612.

Zeidner.  M. (2004). Test anxiety. Encyclopedia of Applied Psychology, (3), 545- 560.

Afsharizadeh, E., Karashki, H., & Naserian, H. (2013). Investigating psychometric properties of school self-concept questionnaire in Iranian students. Methods and psychological models, 3(11), 53-66 [in Persian].

Ahmed, W.¸ Minnaert, A.¸ Kuyper, H.¸ & Van der Werf¸ G. (2012). Reciprocal relationships between math self-concept and math anxiety. Learning and Individual Differences¸ 22 ¸385–389.

Akinleke. O. W. (2012). An Investigation of the relationship between test anxiety, self-esteem and academic performance among polytechnic students in Nigeria. International Journal of Computer Applications¸ 51(1), 8887-9750.

Aljalili¸ L.¸ & Asadi¸ J. (2015). Relationship between parent’s perfectionism and test anxiety of elementary school students of Gorgan during 2014-2015. International Journal of Review in Life Sciences. 5(6): 33-37.

Asghari, A., Abdul Kadir, R., Elias, H., & Baba, M. (2012). Test anxiety and its related concepts: A brief review. Education Science and Psychology, 3(22), 3-8.

Atkinson, L.; & et al. (2009). The field of psychology of the Hilggard. Translation by Mohammad Naghi Barahani et al. Tehran: Growth Publishing.

Cassady, J. C., & Holmes Finch, W. (2015). Using factor mixture modeling to identify dimensions of cognitive test anxiety. Learning and Individual Differences, 41¸ 14-20¸ Article in Press.

Daryle¸ G.¸ Kangjeremy¸ F.¸ Millsandrew¸ J. R.¸ & Michelle¸ M. (2011). Reliabilities, validities, and cut off scores of the depressionhoplessness suicide screening form among women offenders. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 38 (8), 779-795.

Erzen¸ E.¸ & Odac¸ H. (2014). The effect of the attachment styles and self-efficacy of adolescents preparing for university entrance tests in Turkey on predicting test anxiety. Educational Psychology¸ 8(2), 81- 95.

Fallah Yakhdani, M., & Heidari, Gh. (2012).  The Effect of Teaching Cognitive-Behavioral Strategies on Reducing Test Anxiety Students of Yazd Islamic Azad University. Journal of Yazd Medical Education Development and Development Center, 6 (1), 25-32 [in Persian].

Ghaffari, A., & Arfabalouchi, F. (2011).  Relationship between academic motivation and academic self-concept with test anxiety in university students University of Mashhad Ferdosi University. Clinical psychology research and counseling, 1(2), 121-126 [in Persian].

Heiser¸ P.¸ Simidian¸ G.¸ Albert¸ D.¸ Garruto¸ J.¸ Catucci¸ D.¸ Faustino¸ P.¸ McCarten¸ K.¸ Caci¸ K.¸ & Cooper¸ L. (2015). Anxious for success: High anxiety in New York´ s schools. Association of school psychologists¸ 1-8.

Herzer¸ F.¸ Wendt¸ J.¸ & Ham¸ A. O. (2015). Discriminant validity of constructs derived from the self-regulative model for evaluation anxiety for predicting clinical manifestations of test anxiety. Journal of Behavior research and Therapy¸ 73¸ 52-57.

Juklová, K., & Ulrichová, M. (2011). Changes of handicapped and other self-concept and mutual attitudes as a result of their directed interaction. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 29, 1228-1235.

Khalaila, R. (2015). The relationship between academic self- concept, intrinsic motivation, test anxiety, and achievement among nursing students: Mediating and moderating effects. Nurse Education Today, 35, 432-438.

Khorramirad, A.; Arsang, Sh.; Ahmari Tehran, H.; & Dehgani, H. (2013). The relationship between spiritual intelligence and test anxiety Nursing and Midwifery Students: Using Path Analysis. Iranian Journal of Medical Education, 13 (4), 319- 330. [in Persian]

Khormaie, F., Farmani, A., & Soltani, E. (2014). Investigating the Prediction Role of Patience as a Moral Construct and Personality Characteristics in the Hopelessness of University Students. Journal of Medical, 7(28), 167-199 [in Persian].

Marashian, F., & Khorami, N. S. (2012). The Effect of Early Morning on Academic Self-concept and Loneliness Foster Home Children in Ahvaz City. Procedia -Social and Behavioral Sciences, 46, 316-319.

Mohammadi, M., & Parandian, Sh. (2015). Survey of Test Anxiety Level in Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences It is with the characteristics of demographic data in 1393. Journal of the Center for the Study of Development of Educational Sciences in Yazd University of Medical Sciences, 10 (3), 227-236 [in Persian].

Morony, S., Kleitman, S., Ping Lee, Y., & Stankov, L. (2013). Predicting Achievement: Confidence vs Self-Efficacy, Anxiety, and Self-concept in Confucian and European Countries. International Journal of Educational Research¸ 58 ¸79–96.

Pintrich, Pal R.; & Shank, Dale H. (2011). Motivation in Education (theories, research, and applications). Translation by Mehrnaz Shahraray. Tehran: Publishing Science [in Persian].

Pourmovahhed, Z.; Dehghani, Kh.; & Yasini, M. (2003). Evaluation of Hopelessness and Anxiety in Young Patients with Thalassemia Major. Journal of Medical Research, 2(1), 45-52 [in Persian].

Pourtaleb, N., & Mirnasab, M. (2017). The Prediction of Students ʼ Test Anxiety Based on their Perfectionism Dimensions. Journal of Quarterly Clinical Psychology and Personality. Under print [in Persian].

Sabzeharaye Langroud, M., Mohammadi, M., Mehri, Y., & Talei, A. (2014). The components of mental health and test anxiety in Students of Talent and Normal Schools. Quarterly Journal of Applied Psychological Research, 5 (3), 1-17 [in Persian].

Sahebazzamani, M., & Zirak, A. (2011). Students' Study and Learning Strategies in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences and its Relationship with Level of exam anxiety. Iranian Journal of Medical Education, 11 (1), 58-68 [in Persian].

Sarin¸ S., Abela¸ Z., & Auerbach¸ R. P. (2005). The response styles theory of depression: A test of specificity and causal mediation. Cognition & Emotion¸ 19(5), 751–761.

Tarazi, Z., & Khadami, M. (2013). The effectiveness of teaching learning and study strategies on the development of self-concept in students with test anxiety.  Journal of school psychology, 2(1), 131-137 [in Persian].

Urhahne, D.¸ Chao, Sheng-Han¸ Luise Florineth, M.¸ & Luttenbergerand¸ S. (2011). Academic self-concept, learning motivation, and test anxiety of the underestimated student. British Journal of Educational Psychology ¸81, 161–177.

Vosougi Ilkhchi, S.; & Zahednazhad, H. (2012). The role of self-esteem, self-efficacy and satisfaction in students' test anxiety. Proceedings of the 6th National Mental Health Seminar of Students of Guilan University, 1013-1013 [in Persian].

XU Jin, XIE Ya-ning, ZHAO Jing-bo, & XU Jun. (2005). Effects of Self-concept on Test Anxiety Level among Sophomores in a medical college. J First Mil Med Univ ¸ 25(6).

Zargarzadeh, M., & Shirazi, M. (2014). The effect of progressive muscle relaxation method on test anxiety in nursing students. Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research, 19, 607- 612.

Zeidner.  M. (2004). Test anxiety. Encyclopedia of Applied Psychology, (3), 545- 560.