The Effectiveness of Vocational Empowerment Based on Multiaxial Pattern of Vocational Choice (SMPVC) on Improvement of Job Engagement Among Female Heads of Families in Tehran
Subject Areas : Research
abdollah
Shafiabady
1
(Professor, Department of Counselling, Allameh Tabatabai University, Tehran, Iran)
aref
mohammadi
2
(3- Ph. D. students, Family Counselling, Department of Counselling, Roodehen Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran)
Azam
Fatahi Andabil
3
(Assistant Professor, Department of Counselling, Roodehen Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran)
Keywords: vocational empowerment, job engagement, Shafiabady's multi-axial pattern of Vocational Choice (SMPVC), Female Heads of Families,
Abstract :
The present study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of Vocational empowerment based on Shafiabady's multi-axial pattern of Vocational Choice (SMPVC) on Job Engagement among Female Heads of Families in Tehran. This quasi-experimental study was performed as a pretest-posttest experiment with the control group. The statistical population of the study consisted of all women heads of families in Tehran in 2019, and 30 people were determined as the sample size. Of these, 15 were selected in the experimental group and 15 in the control group by the available sampling method and randomly assigned to the groups. Research tool included the Otrich Work Engagement Scale (Schoffley et al., 2002). A multivariate covariance test was used to analyze the data. The findings showed that there was a significant difference between the mean scores of job Engagement of the experimental group in the pre-test and post-test stages. Therefore, based on the findings, it can be concluded that the vocational empowerment training package based on Shafi'abadi's multi-axis model is effective in job Engagement (and subscales include passion for work, dedication to work, and absorption in work) of Female Heads of Families in Tehran
اعظم‌زاده، منصوره، تافته، مریم. (1394). روایت زنان سرپرست خانوار از موانع شادمانی (مطالعه موردی زنان سرپرست خانوار تهران). مطالعات زن و خانواده, 3(2)،33-60.
جلالی، قصه (1386). تأثیر معناسازی در کار بر شادی شغلی و فرسودگی شغلی کارمندان، پایان‌نامه کارشناسی‌ارشد، دانشگاه اصفهان.
حریری، پریسا، فکری، کاترین و فانی، حجت‌الله. (1395). اثربخشی مشاوره شغلی مبتنی بر الگوی چند محوری شفیع‌آبادی بر مهارت‌های کارآفرینی و مهارت‌های اجتماعی دانش‌آموزان دختر. فصلنامه علمی- پژوهشی زن و جامعه, 7(ویژه نامه), 1-16.
حسینی طبقدهی، لیلا و صالحی، محمد. (1397). رابطه بین یادگیری خودراهبر و خودکارآمدی دانشجویان با نقش میانجی سواد اطلاعاتی. فصلنامه فن آوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات در علوم تربیتی، 8(3)، 21-45.
دهقان، نوشین و فکری، کاترین. (1395). اثربخشی الگوی چندمحوری شفیع‌آبادی بر خود ارزشیابی عملکرد شغلی کارکنان دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد بهبهان. فصلنامه علمی - پژوهشی پژوهشنامه تربیتی, 12(49)، 115-130.
رضایی اکرم‌السادات، شفیع‌آبادی عبدالله و فلسفی‌نژاد محمدرضا (1394). مقایسه اثربخشی آموزش الگوی چندمحوری شفیع‌آبادی با سازه گرایی ساویکاس بر خودکارآمدی درتصمیم‌گیری شغلی بیکار‌شدگان جویای کار تحت پوشش بیمه بیکاری. فصلنامه علمی -پژوهشی پژوهش‌های مشاوره. ۱۴(۵۴)، ۲۶-۵۱
سالنامة آماری کشور .(1395)، مرکز آمار ایران، تهران.
سلطانیان شیرازی، سمیرا و فکری، کاترین. (1396). اثربخشی آموزش الگوی چند محوری بر رفتار کارآفرینانه دانش‌آموزان دختر سال سوم مقطع متوسطه دوم (دبیرستان). دانش و پژوهش در روان شناسی کاربردی, 18(2), 111-120.
شفیع‌آبادی، عبدالله. (1385). کاربرد نظریه‌های رشد شغلی در مشاوره شغلی (پیوند بین نظر و عمل). فصلنامه روان‌شناسی تربیتی. 2(3)، 51-60.
شفیع‌آبادی، عبدالله. (1396). راهنمایی و مشاوره شغلی و حرفه‌ای و نظریه‌های انتخاب شغل، تهران: انتشارات رشد.
صیادی، علی و شفیع‌آبادی، عبدالله. (1389). تدوین برنامه توانمندسازی روانشناختی مبتنی بر مدل چند محوری شغلی شفیع‌آبادی و مقایسه اثر بخشی ان با مدل شناختی توماس و ولتهوس بین مشاوران دبیرستان‌های شهر رشت. فرهنگ مشاوره و روان درمانی، 1(1)، 19-48.
فکری، کاترین و شه‌منش، نرجس. (1396). مقایسه اثر بخشی الگوی چند محوری شفیع‌آبادی با واقعیت درمانی گلاسر در فرسودگی شغلی معلمان. فرهنگ مشاوره و روان درمانی، 8(31)، 165-184.
محمدی، عارف و شفیع‌آبادی، عبدالله.(1400). اثربخشی آموزش توانمندسازی شغلی مبتنی بر الگوی چند محوری شفیع‌آبادی بر بهبود اشتیاق شغلی و خودکارآمدی زنان سرپرست خانواده شهر تهران. نشریه مطالعات ناتوانی، 11(22)، 216-196.
میرزایی، فاطمه و فکری، کاترین. (1397). اثربخشی تلفیق الگوی چند محوری شفیع‌آبادی با نظریه یادگیری اجتماعی کرامبولتز برخشنودی شغلی معلمان زن. فصلنامه علمی - پژوهشی رهیافتی نو در مدیریت آموزشی, 9(33)،153-172.
Achdut, N., Sulimani-Aidan, Y., Benbenishty, R., & Zeira, A. (2022). Life satisfaction among alumni of youth villages in Israel: A life course perspective. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 92(4): 483–496.
Agarwal, S., & Lenka, U. (2016). An exploratory study on the development of women entrepreneurs: Indian cases. Journal of Research in Marketing and Entrepreneurship. 18(2):232-247 DOI:10.1108/JRME-04-2015-0024
Ahmad, I., & Gao, Y. (2018). Ethical leadership and work engagement: The roles of psychological empowerment and power distance orientation, Management Decision, 56(9): 1991-2005. https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-02-2017-0107
Akter, A., Ahmad, N., Jaafar, W. M. W., Zawawi, D. B., Islam, M. M., & Islam, M. A. (2018). Empowerment of women through entrepreneurial activities of self-help groups in Bangladesh. Journal of International Business and Management, 1(1): 1-15.
Aldmour, R. (2018). A Review of Literature on the Associations among Employee Empowerment, Work Engagement and Employee Performance. Modern Applied Science, 12(11): 313-329.
Azamzadeh, M., & Tafteh, M. (2015). The narrative of the head of the household about the problems of happiness (a case study of the women of the head of the household in Tehran. Women and family studies. 3(2): 33-60 [In Persian].
Bakker, A. B., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2008). Positive organizational behavior: Engaged employees in flourishing organizations. Journal of Organizational Behavior: The International Journal of Industrial, Occupational and Organizational Psychology and Behavior, 29(2): 147-154.
Berry, M., Kuriansky, J., Lytle, M. C., Vistman, B., Mosisili, M. S., Hlothoane, L., ... & Pebane, J. (2013). Entrepreneurial training for girl's empowerment in Lesotho: A process evaluation of a model programme. South African Journal of Psychology, 43(4): 445-458.
Brandebo, M. F., Nilsson, S., & Larsson, G. (2016). Leadership: is bad stronger than good? Leadership & Organization Development Journal.
Chen, C. F., & Kao, Y. L. (2012). Moderating effects of work engagement and job tenure on burnout–performance among flight attendants. Journal of Air Transport Management, 25, 61-63.
Chiaburu, D. S. (2006). Managing organizational change in transition economies. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 19(6): 738-746.
Chiang, C. F., & Hsieh, T. S. (2012). The impacts of perceived organizational support and psychological empowerment on job performance: The mediating effects of organizational citizenship behavior. International journal of hospitality management, 31(1): 180-190.
Dehghan, N., & Fekri, K. (2016). The effectiveness of Shafi Abadi's multi-axis model on the self-evaluation of the job performance of the employees of Behbahan branch of Islamic Azad University. Journal of Education Research. 12(49): 115-130 [In Persian].
Demirtas, O. (2015). Ethical leadership influence at organizations: Evidence from the field. Journal of Business Ethics, 126(2): 273-284.
Digan, S. P., Sahi, G. K., Mantok, S., & Patel, P. C. (2019). Women's Perceived Empowerment in Entrepreneurial Efforts: The Role of Bricolage and Psychological Capital. Journal of Small Business Management, 57(1): 206-229.
Endaryanto, T., & Syarief, Y. A. (2018). Corn peasents empowerment through enhancing entrepreneurial competence in the district grobogan central of java. In Proceedings of The International Conference on Social Sciences (ICSS) (Vol. 1, No. 1).
Fekri, K., & Shahmanesh, N. (2017). Comparing the effectiveness of Shafi Abadi's multi-axis model with Glaser's reality therapy in teachers' burnout. Culture of Counseling and Psychotherapy. 8(31): 165-184 [In Persian].
Fock, H., Chiang, F., Au, K. Y., & Hui, M. K. (2011). The moderating effect of collectivistic orientation in psychological empowerment and job satisfaction relationship. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 30(2): 319-328.
Jalali, G., (2007). The effect of creating meaning at work on job happiness and job burnout of employees. Master thesis. Esfahan University [In Persian].
Hariri, P., Fekri, K., & Fani, H. (2016). The effectiveness of career counseling based on Shafi Abadi's multi-axis model on entrepreneurial skills and social skills of female students. Journal of woman and society. 7(Special Issue), 1-16 [In Persian].
Harley, D., Grome, S., Kim, S. H., McLendon, T., Hunn, V., Canfield, J., ... & Wells, A. (2018). Perceptions of success and self-sustainability among women participating in an entrepreneurial skills development and empowerment program through photovoice. Journal of Ethnic & Cultural Diversity in Social Work, 1-19.
Herbst, C. M. (2012). Footloose and fancy free? Two decades of single mothers’ subjective well-being. Social Service Review, 86(2): 189-222.
Hosseini Tabaghdei, L., & Salehi, M. (2018). The relationship between self-directed learning and students' self-efficacy with the mediating role of information literacy. Journal of Information and Communication technologh in educational sciences. 8(3): 21-45 [In Persian].
Idris, A., See, D., & Coughlan, P. (2018), "Employee empowerment and job satisfaction in urban Malaysia: Connecting the dots with context and organizational change management", Journal of Organizational Change Management, 31(3): 697-711. https://doi.org/10.1108/JOCM-04-2017-0155
Jaman, S. H., James, K. C., & Luamba, D. S. (2022). Impacts of Employee Engagement and Workforce Productivity on Retail Companies. International Journal of Business and Management, (1): 6-18.
Joo, B. K., & Shim, J. H. (2010). Psychological empowerment and organizational commitment: the moderating effect of organizational learning culture. Human Resource Development International, 13(4): 425-441.
Ke, W., & Zhang, P. (2011). Effects of empowerment on performance in open-source software projects. IEEE transactions on engineering management, 58(2): 334-346.
Khazaeian, S., Kariman, N., Ebadi, A., & Nasiri, M. (2017). The impact of social capital and social support on the health of female-headed households: A systematic review. Electronic physician, 9(12): 6027.
Lee Ashcraft, K., & Kedrowicz, A. (2002). Self-direction or social support? Nonprofit empowerment and the tacit employment contract of organizational communication studies. Communication Monographs, 69(1): 88-110.
Lubem, A. E., & Sarah, D. H. (2018). Moderating effect of self-efficacy on the relationship between women empowerment and new venture creation in benue state, nigeria. International Journal of Information, Business and Management, 10(2): 1-18.
Mahmood, A., & Sahar, A. (2017). Impact of psychological empowerment and perceived career support on employee work engagement with the mediating role of affective commitment. Pakistan Journal of Commerce and Social Sciences (PJCSS), 11(3): 1084-1099.
Mohammadi, A., & Shafiabadi, A. (2021). The effectiveness of job empowerment training based on Shafiabadi's multi-axis model on improving job enthusiasm and self-efficacy of female heads of families in Tehran. Journal of Disability Studies. 11(22): 216-196 [In Persian].
Mirzaii, F., & Fekri. K. (2018). The effectiveness of combining Shafi Abadi's multi-axis model with Krumboltz's social learning theory on the career success of female teachers. Journal of New Approaches in Educational Administration. 9(33): 153-172 [In Persian].
Nafari, N., & Vatankhah, S. (2016). Investigating the Effect of Empowerment on Employees’ Occupational Self-Efficacy. Bulletin de la Société Royale des Sciences de Liège, 85, 1434-1447.
O’driscoll, M. P., Pierce, J. L., & Coghlan, A. M. (2006). The psychology of ownership: Work environment structure, organizational commitment, and citizenship behaviors. Group & Organization Management, 31(3): 388-416.
Ölçer, F., & Florescu, M. (2015). Mediating effect of job satisfaction in the relationship between psychological empowerment and job performance. Theoretical and Applied Economics, 5(1): 5-32.
Ongori, H., & Shunda, J. P. W. (2008). Managing behind the scenes: employee empowerment. The International Journal of Applied Economics and Finance, 2(2): 84-94.
Parker, S. L., Jimmieson, N. L., & Amiot, C. E. (2010). Self-determination as a moderator of demands and control: Implications for employee strain and engagement. Journal of vocational behavior, 76(1): 52-67.
Pounder, P., & Devonish, D. (2016). Understanding Entrepreneurial Attitudes, Intentions and Activity in Barbados. Caribbean Educational Research Journal, 4(1): 79-96.
Rezaii, A., Shafiabadi, A., & Falsafinezhad, M. (2015). Comparing the effectiveness of Shafiabadi's multi-axis model training with Savikas' constructivism on self-efficacy in career decision-making of unemployed job seekers covered by unemployment insurance. Journal of Consulting research. 14(54): 26-51 [In Persian].
Rich, B. L. (2006). Job engagement: Construct validation and relationships with job satisfaction, job involvement, and intrinsic motivation. University of Florida.
Saiiadi, A., & Shafiabadi, A. (2010). Developing a psychological empowerment program based on Shafi Abadi's multi-core career model and comparing its effectiveness with the cognitive model of Thomas and Wolthaus among high school counselors in Rasht. Culture of Counseling and Psychotherapy. 1(1): 19-48 [In Persian].
Saleem, A., Iqbal, J., Sandhu, M. A., & Amin, S. (2018). Impact of Empowerment & Emotional Labor on Teacher’s Work Engagement: A Moderating Role of Job Experience. Review of Economics and Development Studies, 4(2): 237-245.
Sanni, L. (2006). Comparative study of female-headed households in the city of Ibadan. JENDA: A journal of culture and African women studies, (8), 1-14.
Schaufeli, W. B., Bakker, A. B., & Salanova, M. (2006). The measurement of work engagement with a short questionnaire: A cross-national study. Educational and psychological measurement, 66(4): 701-716.
Shafiabadi, A. (2006). The application of career development theories in career counseling (the link between opinion and practice). Journal of Educational Psychology. 2(3): 51-60 [In Persian].
Shafiabadi, A. (2017). Career and professional guidance and counseling and career selection theories. Tehran. Roshd Publications [In Persian].
Shin, J., Moon, N. A., Caylor, J., Converse, P. D., Park, O., & Yeo, K. (2022). Economic Individualism and Job Engagement: Examining the Roles of Work Motivation and Growth Need Strength. Sustainability, 14(2): 591.
Soltanian, S., & Fekri, K. (2017). The effectiveness of teaching the multi-axis model on the entrepreneurial behavior of female students of the third year of the second secondary level (high school). Knowledge and research in applied psychology. 18(2): 111-120 [In Persian].
Statistical yearbook of the country. (2016). Statistical Center of Iran. Tehran [In Persian].
Wang, S., & Liu, Y. (2015). Impact of professional nursing practice environment and psychological empowerment on nurses' work engagement: test of structural equation modelling. Journal of Nursing Management, 23(3): 287-296.
Weiss, M., & Zacher, H. (2021). Why and when does voice lead to increased job engagement? The role of perceived voice appreciation and emotional stability. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 11-18.
Zhang, X., & Bartol, K. M. (2010). Linking empowering leadership and employee creativity: The influence of psychological empowerment, intrinsic motivation, and creative process engagement. Academy of management journal, 53(1): 107-128.
Zhang, J., Zhu, F., Liu, N., & Cai, Z. (2022). Be in Your Element: The Joint Effect of Human Resource Management Strength and Proactive Personality on Employee Creativity. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 1-14.
doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.851539
_||_اعظم‌زاده، منصوره، تافته، مریم. (1394). روایت زنان سرپرست خانوار از موانع شادمانی (مطالعه موردی زنان سرپرست خانوار تهران). مطالعات زن و خانواده, 3(2)،33-60.
جلالی، قصه (1386). تأثیر معناسازی در کار بر شادی شغلی و فرسودگی شغلی کارمندان، پایان‌نامه کارشناسی‌ارشد، دانشگاه اصفهان.
حریری، پریسا، فکری، کاترین و فانی، حجت‌الله. (1395). اثربخشی مشاوره شغلی مبتنی بر الگوی چند محوری شفیع‌آبادی بر مهارت‌های کارآفرینی و مهارت‌های اجتماعی دانش‌آموزان دختر. فصلنامه علمی- پژوهشی زن و جامعه, 7(ویژه نامه), 1-16.
حسینی طبقدهی، لیلا و صالحی، محمد. (1397). رابطه بین یادگیری خودراهبر و خودکارآمدی دانشجویان با نقش میانجی سواد اطلاعاتی. فصلنامه فن آوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات در علوم تربیتی، 8(3)، 21-45.
دهقان، نوشین و فکری، کاترین. (1395). اثربخشی الگوی چندمحوری شفیع‌آبادی بر خود ارزشیابی عملکرد شغلی کارکنان دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد بهبهان. فصلنامه علمی - پژوهشی پژوهشنامه تربیتی, 12(49)، 115-130.
رضایی اکرم‌السادات، شفیع‌آبادی عبدالله و فلسفی‌نژاد محمدرضا (1394). مقایسه اثربخشی آموزش الگوی چندمحوری شفیع‌آبادی با سازه گرایی ساویکاس بر خودکارآمدی درتصمیم‌گیری شغلی بیکار‌شدگان جویای کار تحت پوشش بیمه بیکاری. فصلنامه علمی -پژوهشی پژوهش‌های مشاوره. ۱۴(۵۴)، ۲۶-۵۱
سالنامة آماری کشور .(1395)، مرکز آمار ایران، تهران.
سلطانیان شیرازی، سمیرا و فکری، کاترین. (1396). اثربخشی آموزش الگوی چند محوری بر رفتار کارآفرینانه دانش‌آموزان دختر سال سوم مقطع متوسطه دوم (دبیرستان). دانش و پژوهش در روان شناسی کاربردی, 18(2), 111-120.
شفیع‌آبادی، عبدالله. (1385). کاربرد نظریه‌های رشد شغلی در مشاوره شغلی (پیوند بین نظر و عمل). فصلنامه روان‌شناسی تربیتی. 2(3)، 51-60.
شفیع‌آبادی، عبدالله. (1396). راهنمایی و مشاوره شغلی و حرفه‌ای و نظریه‌های انتخاب شغل، تهران: انتشارات رشد.
صیادی، علی و شفیع‌آبادی، عبدالله. (1389). تدوین برنامه توانمندسازی روانشناختی مبتنی بر مدل چند محوری شغلی شفیع‌آبادی و مقایسه اثر بخشی ان با مدل شناختی توماس و ولتهوس بین مشاوران دبیرستان‌های شهر رشت. فرهنگ مشاوره و روان درمانی، 1(1)، 19-48.
فکری، کاترین و شه‌منش، نرجس. (1396). مقایسه اثر بخشی الگوی چند محوری شفیع‌آبادی با واقعیت درمانی گلاسر در فرسودگی شغلی معلمان. فرهنگ مشاوره و روان درمانی، 8(31)، 165-184.
محمدی، عارف و شفیع‌آبادی، عبدالله.(1400). اثربخشی آموزش توانمندسازی شغلی مبتنی بر الگوی چند محوری شفیع‌آبادی بر بهبود اشتیاق شغلی و خودکارآمدی زنان سرپرست خانواده شهر تهران. نشریه مطالعات ناتوانی، 11(22)، 216-196.
میرزایی، فاطمه و فکری، کاترین. (1397). اثربخشی تلفیق الگوی چند محوری شفیع‌آبادی با نظریه یادگیری اجتماعی کرامبولتز برخشنودی شغلی معلمان زن. فصلنامه علمی - پژوهشی رهیافتی نو در مدیریت آموزشی, 9(33)،153-172.
Achdut, N., Sulimani-Aidan, Y., Benbenishty, R., & Zeira, A. (2022). Life satisfaction among alumni of youth villages in Israel: A life course perspective. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 92(4): 483–496.
Agarwal, S., & Lenka, U. (2016). An exploratory study on the development of women entrepreneurs: Indian cases. Journal of Research in Marketing and Entrepreneurship. 18(2):232-247 DOI:10.1108/JRME-04-2015-0024
Ahmad, I., & Gao, Y. (2018). Ethical leadership and work engagement: The roles of psychological empowerment and power distance orientation, Management Decision, 56(9): 1991-2005. https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-02-2017-0107
Akter, A., Ahmad, N., Jaafar, W. M. W., Zawawi, D. B., Islam, M. M., & Islam, M. A. (2018). Empowerment of women through entrepreneurial activities of self-help groups in Bangladesh. Journal of International Business and Management, 1(1): 1-15.
Aldmour, R. (2018). A Review of Literature on the Associations among Employee Empowerment, Work Engagement and Employee Performance. Modern Applied Science, 12(11): 313-329.
Azamzadeh, M., & Tafteh, M. (2015). The narrative of the head of the household about the problems of happiness (a case study of the women of the head of the household in Tehran. Women and family studies. 3(2): 33-60 [In Persian].
Bakker, A. B., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2008). Positive organizational behavior: Engaged employees in flourishing organizations. Journal of Organizational Behavior: The International Journal of Industrial, Occupational and Organizational Psychology and Behavior, 29(2): 147-154.
Berry, M., Kuriansky, J., Lytle, M. C., Vistman, B., Mosisili, M. S., Hlothoane, L., ... & Pebane, J. (2013). Entrepreneurial training for girl's empowerment in Lesotho: A process evaluation of a model programme. South African Journal of Psychology, 43(4): 445-458.
Brandebo, M. F., Nilsson, S., & Larsson, G. (2016). Leadership: is bad stronger than good? Leadership & Organization Development Journal.
Chen, C. F., & Kao, Y. L. (2012). Moderating effects of work engagement and job tenure on burnout–performance among flight attendants. Journal of Air Transport Management, 25, 61-63.
Chiaburu, D. S. (2006). Managing organizational change in transition economies. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 19(6): 738-746.
Chiang, C. F., & Hsieh, T. S. (2012). The impacts of perceived organizational support and psychological empowerment on job performance: The mediating effects of organizational citizenship behavior. International journal of hospitality management, 31(1): 180-190.
Dehghan, N., & Fekri, K. (2016). The effectiveness of Shafi Abadi's multi-axis model on the self-evaluation of the job performance of the employees of Behbahan branch of Islamic Azad University. Journal of Education Research. 12(49): 115-130 [In Persian].
Demirtas, O. (2015). Ethical leadership influence at organizations: Evidence from the field. Journal of Business Ethics, 126(2): 273-284.
Digan, S. P., Sahi, G. K., Mantok, S., & Patel, P. C. (2019). Women's Perceived Empowerment in Entrepreneurial Efforts: The Role of Bricolage and Psychological Capital. Journal of Small Business Management, 57(1): 206-229.
Endaryanto, T., & Syarief, Y. A. (2018). Corn peasents empowerment through enhancing entrepreneurial competence in the district grobogan central of java. In Proceedings of The International Conference on Social Sciences (ICSS) (Vol. 1, No. 1).
Fekri, K., & Shahmanesh, N. (2017). Comparing the effectiveness of Shafi Abadi's multi-axis model with Glaser's reality therapy in teachers' burnout. Culture of Counseling and Psychotherapy. 8(31): 165-184 [In Persian].
Fock, H., Chiang, F., Au, K. Y., & Hui, M. K. (2011). The moderating effect of collectivistic orientation in psychological empowerment and job satisfaction relationship. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 30(2): 319-328.
Jalali, G., (2007). The effect of creating meaning at work on job happiness and job burnout of employees. Master thesis. Esfahan University [In Persian].
Hariri, P., Fekri, K., & Fani, H. (2016). The effectiveness of career counseling based on Shafi Abadi's multi-axis model on entrepreneurial skills and social skills of female students. Journal of woman and society. 7(Special Issue), 1-16 [In Persian].
Harley, D., Grome, S., Kim, S. H., McLendon, T., Hunn, V., Canfield, J., ... & Wells, A. (2018). Perceptions of success and self-sustainability among women participating in an entrepreneurial skills development and empowerment program through photovoice. Journal of Ethnic & Cultural Diversity in Social Work, 1-19.
Herbst, C. M. (2012). Footloose and fancy free? Two decades of single mothers’ subjective well-being. Social Service Review, 86(2): 189-222.
Hosseini Tabaghdei, L., & Salehi, M. (2018). The relationship between self-directed learning and students' self-efficacy with the mediating role of information literacy. Journal of Information and Communication technologh in educational sciences. 8(3): 21-45 [In Persian].
Idris, A., See, D., & Coughlan, P. (2018), "Employee empowerment and job satisfaction in urban Malaysia: Connecting the dots with context and organizational change management", Journal of Organizational Change Management, 31(3): 697-711. https://doi.org/10.1108/JOCM-04-2017-0155
Jaman, S. H., James, K. C., & Luamba, D. S. (2022). Impacts of Employee Engagement and Workforce Productivity on Retail Companies. International Journal of Business and Management, (1): 6-18.
Joo, B. K., & Shim, J. H. (2010). Psychological empowerment and organizational commitment: the moderating effect of organizational learning culture. Human Resource Development International, 13(4): 425-441.
Ke, W., & Zhang, P. (2011). Effects of empowerment on performance in open-source software projects. IEEE transactions on engineering management, 58(2): 334-346.
Khazaeian, S., Kariman, N., Ebadi, A., & Nasiri, M. (2017). The impact of social capital and social support on the health of female-headed households: A systematic review. Electronic physician, 9(12): 6027.
Lee Ashcraft, K., & Kedrowicz, A. (2002). Self-direction or social support? Nonprofit empowerment and the tacit employment contract of organizational communication studies. Communication Monographs, 69(1): 88-110.
Lubem, A. E., & Sarah, D. H. (2018). Moderating effect of self-efficacy on the relationship between women empowerment and new venture creation in benue state, nigeria. International Journal of Information, Business and Management, 10(2): 1-18.
Mahmood, A., & Sahar, A. (2017). Impact of psychological empowerment and perceived career support on employee work engagement with the mediating role of affective commitment. Pakistan Journal of Commerce and Social Sciences (PJCSS), 11(3): 1084-1099.
Mohammadi, A., & Shafiabadi, A. (2021). The effectiveness of job empowerment training based on Shafiabadi's multi-axis model on improving job enthusiasm and self-efficacy of female heads of families in Tehran. Journal of Disability Studies. 11(22): 216-196 [In Persian].
Mirzaii, F., & Fekri. K. (2018). The effectiveness of combining Shafi Abadi's multi-axis model with Krumboltz's social learning theory on the career success of female teachers. Journal of New Approaches in Educational Administration. 9(33): 153-172 [In Persian].
Nafari, N., & Vatankhah, S. (2016). Investigating the Effect of Empowerment on Employees’ Occupational Self-Efficacy. Bulletin de la Société Royale des Sciences de Liège, 85, 1434-1447.
O’driscoll, M. P., Pierce, J. L., & Coghlan, A. M. (2006). The psychology of ownership: Work environment structure, organizational commitment, and citizenship behaviors. Group & Organization Management, 31(3): 388-416.
Ölçer, F., & Florescu, M. (2015). Mediating effect of job satisfaction in the relationship between psychological empowerment and job performance. Theoretical and Applied Economics, 5(1): 5-32.
Ongori, H., & Shunda, J. P. W. (2008). Managing behind the scenes: employee empowerment. The International Journal of Applied Economics and Finance, 2(2): 84-94.
Parker, S. L., Jimmieson, N. L., & Amiot, C. E. (2010). Self-determination as a moderator of demands and control: Implications for employee strain and engagement. Journal of vocational behavior, 76(1): 52-67.
Pounder, P., & Devonish, D. (2016). Understanding Entrepreneurial Attitudes, Intentions and Activity in Barbados. Caribbean Educational Research Journal, 4(1): 79-96.
Rezaii, A., Shafiabadi, A., & Falsafinezhad, M. (2015). Comparing the effectiveness of Shafiabadi's multi-axis model training with Savikas' constructivism on self-efficacy in career decision-making of unemployed job seekers covered by unemployment insurance. Journal of Consulting research. 14(54): 26-51 [In Persian].
Rich, B. L. (2006). Job engagement: Construct validation and relationships with job satisfaction, job involvement, and intrinsic motivation. University of Florida.
Saiiadi, A., & Shafiabadi, A. (2010). Developing a psychological empowerment program based on Shafi Abadi's multi-core career model and comparing its effectiveness with the cognitive model of Thomas and Wolthaus among high school counselors in Rasht. Culture of Counseling and Psychotherapy. 1(1): 19-48 [In Persian].
Saleem, A., Iqbal, J., Sandhu, M. A., & Amin, S. (2018). Impact of Empowerment & Emotional Labor on Teacher’s Work Engagement: A Moderating Role of Job Experience. Review of Economics and Development Studies, 4(2): 237-245.
Sanni, L. (2006). Comparative study of female-headed households in the city of Ibadan. JENDA: A journal of culture and African women studies, (8), 1-14.
Schaufeli, W. B., Bakker, A. B., & Salanova, M. (2006). The measurement of work engagement with a short questionnaire: A cross-national study. Educational and psychological measurement, 66(4): 701-716.
Shafiabadi, A. (2006). The application of career development theories in career counseling (the link between opinion and practice). Journal of Educational Psychology. 2(3): 51-60 [In Persian].
Shafiabadi, A. (2017). Career and professional guidance and counseling and career selection theories. Tehran. Roshd Publications [In Persian].
Shin, J., Moon, N. A., Caylor, J., Converse, P. D., Park, O., & Yeo, K. (2022). Economic Individualism and Job Engagement: Examining the Roles of Work Motivation and Growth Need Strength. Sustainability, 14(2): 591.
Soltanian, S., & Fekri, K. (2017). The effectiveness of teaching the multi-axis model on the entrepreneurial behavior of female students of the third year of the second secondary level (high school). Knowledge and research in applied psychology. 18(2): 111-120 [In Persian].
Statistical yearbook of the country. (2016). Statistical Center of Iran. Tehran [In Persian].
Wang, S., & Liu, Y. (2015). Impact of professional nursing practice environment and psychological empowerment on nurses' work engagement: test of structural equation modelling. Journal of Nursing Management, 23(3): 287-296.
Weiss, M., & Zacher, H. (2021). Why and when does voice lead to increased job engagement? The role of perceived voice appreciation and emotional stability. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 11-18.
Zhang, X., & Bartol, K. M. (2010). Linking empowering leadership and employee creativity: The influence of psychological empowerment, intrinsic motivation, and creative process engagement. Academy of management journal, 53(1): 107-128.
Zhang, J., Zhu, F., Liu, N., & Cai, Z. (2022). Be in Your Element: The Joint Effect of Human Resource Management Strength and Proactive Personality on Employee Creativity. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 1-14.
doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.851539