Designing and Compiling an Appropriate Model of Blended Education at Payame Noor University
Subject Areas : Research
akbar
nourizadeh
1
(Educational Sciences Department ,PNU, Tehran, iran.)
Hassan Reza
Zeinabadi
2
(Associate Professor, Department of Educational Management, Faculty of Management, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran)
Abdolrahim
navehebrahim
3
(Professor, Department of Educational Management, Faculty of Management, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran)
Bijan
Abdollahi
4
(Associate Professor, Department of Educational Management, Faculty of Management, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran)
Keywords: Blended learning, blended education pattern design and Payame Noor University,
Abstract :
The aim of this research was to designing and compiling an appropriate model of blended education in Payame Noor University. Accordingly, the research was qualitative type by qualitative content analysis method and conventional type has been used. For this purpose, to review the research background and collect data appropriate to the purpose of the research, the resources available in dissertations, libraries, research projects and articles in databases in the country and abroad were used. The keywords used for the search included blended education, a curriculum based on of blended education, combined education in higher education and blended education at Payame Noor University. The process of reviewing articles and documents, respectively, the total number of studies related to keywords, 89 cases, the removal of irrelevant articles after reviewing 35 titles, so in this study, 54 cases were examined. In the other part, interviews with specialists were used. For this purpose, 25 experts and specialists related to the subject were used inside and outside the university. After collecting data, findings and research results were extracted and analyzed separately. The results indicate that the optimal model of combined education in Payame Noor University includes 6 components and 37 indicators, which include elements for 5 indicators, features 7 indicators, quality 6 indicators, strengths of 6 indicators, obstacles and The challenge of 7 indicators was the operating conditions of 6 indicators.
احمدی، غلامعلی و نخستین روحی، ندا. (1393). بررسی تمایز یادگیری تلفیقی با یادگیری الکترونیکی و یادگیری سنتی (چهره به چهره) در آموزش ریاضی. مجله روانشناسی مدرسه، 3(2): 26-7.
بنی‌هاشم، سید کاظم؛ رضایی، عیسی؛ بدلی، مهدی و دانا، علی.(1393). بررسی تأثیر استفاده از یادگیری تلفیقی بر خلاقیت دانشجویان، فصلنامه علمی. پژوهشی ابتکار و خلاقیت در علوم انسانی، 4(1).
سیدرضوی، سیدعباس؛ رحیمی دوست، غلامحسین و موسوی، سید علی.(1397). مقایسه تأثیر آموزش ترکیبی خطی و غیرخطی بر پیشرفت تحصیلی در درس علوم تجربی دانش‌آموزان. مجله رویکردهای نوین آموزشی، 27(2)؛ 1-24.
سواری، کریم و فلاحی، مریم.(1396). توسعه و بهبود آموزش و یادگیری از طریق آموزش ترکیبی. نشریه مطالعات آموزشی، مرکز مطالعات و توسعه آموزش پزشکی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ارتش، 5(2): 26-20.
سیدی، مهدیه ؛ یعقوبی، زهرا.(1391).طراحی و پیاده‌سازی نظام آموزش ترکیبی برای آموزش دانشجویان رشته‌های توان‌بخشی.مدیا،3(2): 50-42.
صالحی عمران، ابراهیم و سالاری، ضیاءالدین.(1391). آموزش ترکیبی؛ رویکردی نوین در توسعه آموزش و فرایند آموزش /یادگیری، فصلنامه راهبردی آموزش، 5(1): 75-69.
علی نژاد، لیلی، علیپور، احمد، زندی، بهمن، زارع، حسین و شبیری، محمد (1398)ارائه یک دوره برنامه آموزشی ترکیبی و بررسی اثرات روانشناختی آن بر دانشجویان، فصلنامه دانشگاه علوم پژشکی جهرم، بهار 1389
عمرانی ساروی، بهاره و همتی، ناصر.(1388). آموزش ترکیبی. تهران: انتشارات بشری با همکاران انتشارات تحفه.
فارغ زاده، نفیسه و کاشی، علی.(1393).بررسی روش‌ها و ابزارهای آموزش مجازی به منظور ارتقاء کیفیت آموزش از دیدگاه اساتید دانشگاه آزاد واحد خدابنده، فصلنامه علمی-پژوهشی رهیافتی نو در مدیریت آموزشی، 5(1)؛16-21.
کرمی، آزادالله و زارعی زوارکی، اسماعیل.(1393). مقایسه اثر آموزش تلفیقی با آموزش سنتی بر تفکر انتقادی و شادکامی دانش‌آموزان. فصلنامه فناوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات در علوم تربیتی، 4(4):57-39.
کرمی، مرتضی و سالاری، ضیاءالدین.(1392). تأثیر محیط آموزش ترکیبی بر رضایت و یادگیری کارشناسان بخش صنعت، مجله علوم تربیتی دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، 6(20): 80-63.
کیذوری، امیرحسین و صادق پور، محسن. (1396). مقایسه تأثیر شیوه‌های آموزشی سنتی، الکترونیکی و الکترونیکی_سنتی بر یادگیری درس داروشناسی در دانشجویان پرستاری. مجله علمی پژوهشی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی سبزوار، 24(2).
محمدخانی، مسعود.(1385). آموزش ترکیبی، تدبیر، (172).
محمدی، مهدی؛ مرزوقی، رحمت اله؛ سلیمی، قاسم و منصوری، سیروس.(1396). تأثیر آموزش ترکیبی بر مؤفقیت و رضایت فراگیرندگان نظام آموزش فنی و حرفه‌ای. مجله مطالعات آموزش و یادگیری، 9(1): 108-91.
محمودی، مهدی و بهروز، عذرا.(1397). آموزش ترکیبی و قابلیت های آن برای برقراری تعامل آموزشی در نظام آموزش عمومی، تحقیقات جدید در علوم انسانی، 44(14)؛ 129- 142.
معافیان، فاطمه؛ نوحی، عصمت و عباس‌زاده، عباس.(1393). تأثیر آموزش الکترونیکی تلفیقی بر یادگیری و خودکارآمدی دانشجویان پرستاری در درس مراقبت‌های ویژه قلبی عروقی، آموزش پرستاری، 3(3): 39-37.
مهربان، زهرا.(1395). آموزش ترکیبی، رویکردی منعطفان برای طراحی مدل آموزش ضمن خدمت معلمان ایران در حوزه علم و فناوری نانو. مجله نوآوری های آموزشی، علمی پژوهشی، 59(1)؛ 57 – 84.
نجفی، حسین.(1397). فراتحلیل مطالعات اثربخشی رویکرد آموزش ترکیبی بر بهبود عملکرد تحصیلی در ایران. مجله پژوهش های تربیتی، 36(14)؛ 59 - 72.
ورمقانی، افشین؛ علیپور، وحیده و قادری، سمیرا.(1395). مفهوم آموزش ترکیبی وکیفیت بخشی به طراحی آن. کنفرانس ملی دانش و فناوری روانشناسی، علوم تربیتی و جامع روانشناسی ایران، تهران، مؤسسه برگزار کننده همایش های توسعه محور دانش و فناوری سام ایرانیان.
Ahmadi, Gholam., A., & nokhostin rouhi, N. (2013). Examining the difference between blended learning with electronic learning and traditional (face-to-face) learning in mathematics education. Journal of School Psychology, 3(2): 7-26[In Persian].
Alinejad, L., Alipour, A., Zandi, B., Zare, H., & Shabiri, M. (2019) Presentation of a combined educational program and its psychological effects on students, Quarterly Journal of Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, spring 2019 [In Persian].
Ayuda Nia A. (2021). Blended Learning Models to Improve Student Learning Outcomes During the Covid-19 Pandemic, The 4th International Virtual Conference on Nursing Volume 2021.
Bani Hashem, S. K., Rezaei, I., Badli, M., & Dana, A. (2014). Investigating the effect of using blended learning on students' creativity, Scientific Quarterly. Research on innovation and creativity in humanities, 4(1). [In Persian].
Battye, G., & Carter, H. (2009). Reporte on Review of Online and lended Learning, Ausrtalian: university of Canberra pub.
Bersin, J. (2004). The Blended Learning Book: Best Practices, Proven Methodologies and Lessons Learned. 7st ed. San Francisco: Pfeiffer Publishing.
Bliuc, Ana-Maria: Casey, Grant: Bachfischer, Agnieszka: Goodyear, P., & Ellis, Robert A. (2012). Blended learning in vocational education: teachers’conceptions of blended learning and their approaches to teaching and design, Aust. Educ. Res. (2012) 39:237–257, DOI 10.1007/s13384-012-0053-0.
Bodden-White., & Michelle, M. (2015). The impact of leadership support for blended learning on teachers and students, a doctoral research project.
Boelens, R., De Wever, B., & Voet, M. (2020). Four key challenges to the design of blended learning: A systematic literature review. Educational Research Review, 22, 1-18.
Bonk, C. J., & Graham, C. R. (2004). Handbook of Blended Learning: Global Perspectives, Local Designs. San Francisco, CA: Pfeiffer Publishing.
Broadbent, J. (2017). Comparing online and blended learner's self-regulated learning strategies and academic performance. Internet and Higher.
Bryan, A., & Volchenkova, K. N. (2016). Blended learning: definition, models, implications for higher education. Bulletin of the South Ural State Uniersity. Ser. Education. Educational Sciences; 8(2); 24-30.
Chodorow, S. (2015). Educators must take the electronic revolution seriously. Acad Med; 71:221-6.
Christopher, N. A., Chris, C., & Julie, C. (2019), Blended Learning Designs in STEM Higher Education. Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2019
Elizabeth, S., & Philippa, G. A. (2019), Introduction to Blended Learning Practices evidence-based perspectives in ICT-facilitated education, IGI Global, Hershey, Pa., pp.1-19.
Fargzadeh, N., & Kashi, A. (2014). Examining the methods and tools of virtual education in order to improve the quality of education from the point of view of the professors of Azad University, Khodabande Branch, New Approach Scientific-Research Quarterly in Educational Management, 5(1): 16-21 [In Persian].
Fuller, L. (2021). Negotiating a New Blend in Blended Learning: Research Roots, The Journal of the Virginia Community Colleges, 24(1), 6: 5-7
Francesca, A., & Maria, B. L. (2022). Blended Learning and Teaching in Higher Education: An International Perspective, journal Education Sciences, https://mdpi. com/journal/education
Freeland, J. (2015). Three False Dichotomies in Blended Learning. San Mateo, CA: Clayton Christensen Institute.
Garrison, D. R., & Anderson, T. (2004). E-Learning in the 21st Century. London and New York: routlledge Falmer.
Garrison, D. R., & Vaughan, N. D. (2008). Blended Learning in Higher Education: Framework, Principles, and Guidelines. San Francisco (CA): Jossey- bass; 2008.
Jared, K., & Joachim, J. A. (2015). Models for Improving and Optimizing Online and Blended Learning in Higher Education, book. Published in the United States of America,http://www.igi-global.com.
Karmi, A., & Zarei., Z. I. (2013). Comparing the effect of integrated education with traditional education on students' critical thinking and happiness. Quarterly Journal of Information and Communication Technology in Educational Sciences, 4(4): 57-39 [In Persian].
Karmi, M., & Salari, Z. (2012). The effect of blended learning environment on the satisfaction and learning of industry experts, Journal of Educational Sciences of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, 6(20): 63-80.
Kiviniemi, Marc. T. (2014). Effects of a blended learning approach on student outcomes in a graduate-level public health course, BMC Medical Education 2014, 14:47 Page 2 of 7.
Kizhouri, A., & Sadeghpour, M. (2016). Comparison of the effect of traditional, electronic and electronic-traditional educational methods on the learning of pharmacology course in nursing students. Scientific Research Journal of Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, 24(2) [In Persian].
Hartono, h. (2020). Designing of Blended Learning Environment, Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 513 4th Sriwijaya University Learning and Education International Conference
Lewin, L, O., Singh, M., Bateman, B., & Glover, P, B. (2009). Improving education in primary care: development of an online curriculum using the blended learning model. BMC Medical Education, 9(33); 12-23.
Ma, L., & Chei, S. L. (2021) Evaluating the effectiveness of blended learning using the ARCS model, Journal of computer assisted learning
Najafi, H., & Heidari, M. (2019). Blended Learning and Academic Achievement: A Meta-Analysis. Quarterly Journal of Iranian Distance [In Persian].
Maufian, F., Nohi, E., & Abbaszadeh, A. (2013). The effect of integrated electronic education on learning and self-efficacy of nursing students in the course of special cardiovascular care, Nursing Education, 3(3): 39-37.
Mehraban, Z. (2015). Blended education, a flexible approach to design a model of in-service training for Iranian teachers in the field of science and nanotechnology. Journal of educational innovations, scientific research, 59(1); 57-8 [In Persian].
Mohammadkhani, M. (2015). Combined training, Tadbir, (172) [In Persian].
Mohammadi, M., Marzooqi, R. E., Salimi, Q., & Mansouri, S. (2016). The effect of combined education on the success and satisfaction of technical and vocational education system learners. Journal of Teaching and Learning Studies, 9(1): 108-91 [In Persian].
Mahmoudi, M., & Behrouz, E. (2017). Blended education and its capabilities to establish educational interaction in the public education system, New Research in Human Sciences, 44(14); 129-142 [In Persian].
Najafi, H. (2017). Meta-analysis of studies on the effectiveness of the blended learning approach on improving academic performance in Iran. Journal of Educational Research, 36(14); 59-72 [In Persian].
Omrani Saravi, B., & Hemmati, N. (2008). Combined training. Tehran: Bushra Publications with colleagues of Tohfe Publications [In Persian].
Poon, J. (2012). Use of blended learning to enhance the student learning.
Powell, A., Watson, J., Staley, P., Patrick, S., Horn, M., Fetzer, L., & Verma, S (2015). Blended Learning: The Evolution of Online and Face-to-Face Educationfrom 2008–2015. Promising Practices in Online Learning.
Ravioloa, P., Maria, G. S., Irene, M., & Marco, R. (2021) Blended learning in online teaching. First Workshop on Technology Enhanced Learning Environments for Blended Education (teleXbe2021), January 21–22,2021, Foggia, Italy
Rana Al-Maroof, Noor Al-Qaysi, Said A. Salloum & Mostafa, A. E. (2021). Blended Learning Acceptance: A Systematic Review of Information Systems Models, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10758-021-09519-0
Salehi, O. E. and Salari, Z. (2012). blended education; A new approach in the development of education and the teaching/learning process, Strategic Education Quarterly, 5(1): 69-75 [In Persian].
Sawari, K., & Falahi, M. (2016). Development and improvement of teaching and learning through blended learning. Journal of Educational Studies, Center for Studies and Development of Medical Education, Army University of Medical Sciences, 5(2): 20-26.
Seidi, M., & Yaqoubi, Z. (2011). Design and implementation of blended education system for training rehabilitation students. Media, 3(2): 42-50. [In Persian].
Setiyawan, A., Dardiri, A., & Sofyan, H. (2022). Developing a Blended Learning Model in Islamic Religious Education to Improve Learning Outcomes, International Journal of Information and Education Technology, 12(2):
Seyed Razavi, S. A., Rahimi Dost, Gh., & Mousavi, S. A. (2017). Comparison of the effect of linear and non-linear combined education on the academic progress of students in the course of experimental sciences. Journal of New Educational Approaches, 27(2); 1-24. [In Persian].
Shahin, M. (2010). Blended learning in vovational education: An experimental study. International Journal of vocational and Technical Education, 2(6), 95-101.
Tong, Y. (2020). Teaching Design and Practice of a Project-Based Blended Learning Model, International Journal of Mobile and Blended Learning. 12(1) January
Vinh-Thang, H., Yoshiteru, N., Tu-Bao, H., & Cher, P. L. (2016). Blended learning model on hands-on approach for in-service secondary school teachers: Combinationof E-learning and face-to-face discussion, Educ INF Technol; 30(21); 185–208.
Vermaghani, A., Alipour, V., & Qadri, S. (2015). The concept of combined education and the quality of its design. The National Conference of Psychological Knowledge and Technology, Educational Sciences and Comprehensive Psychology of Iran, Tehran, Sam Iranian Institute for the Development of Science and Technology Oriented Conferences [In Persian].
_||_Ahmadi, Gholam., A., & nokhostin rouhi, N. (2013). Examining the difference between blended learning with electronic learning and traditional (face-to-face) learning in mathematics education. Journal of School Psychology, 3(2): 7-26[In Persian].
Alinejad, L., Alipour, A., Zandi, B., Zare, H., & Shabiri, M. (2019) Presentation of a combined educational program and its psychological effects on students, Quarterly Journal of Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, spring 2019 [In Persian].
Ayuda Nia A. (2021). Blended Learning Models to Improve Student Learning Outcomes During the Covid-19 Pandemic, The 4th International Virtual Conference on Nursing Volume 2021.
Bani Hashem, S. K., Rezaei, I., Badli, M., & Dana, A. (2014). Investigating the effect of using blended learning on students' creativity, Scientific Quarterly. Research on innovation and creativity in humanities, 4(1). [In Persian].
Battye, G., & Carter, H. (2009). Reporte on Review of Online and lended Learning, Ausrtalian: university of Canberra pub.
Bersin, J. (2004). The Blended Learning Book: Best Practices, Proven Methodologies and Lessons Learned. 7st ed. San Francisco: Pfeiffer Publishing.
Bliuc, Ana-Maria: Casey, Grant: Bachfischer, Agnieszka: Goodyear, P., & Ellis, Robert A. (2012). Blended learning in vocational education: teachers’conceptions of blended learning and their approaches to teaching and design, Aust. Educ. Res. (2012) 39:237–257, DOI 10.1007/s13384-012-0053-0.
Bodden-White., & Michelle, M. (2015). The impact of leadership support for blended learning on teachers and students, a doctoral research project.
Boelens, R., De Wever, B., & Voet, M. (2020). Four key challenges to the design of blended learning: A systematic literature review. Educational Research Review, 22, 1-18.
Bonk, C. J., & Graham, C. R. (2004). Handbook of Blended Learning: Global Perspectives, Local Designs. San Francisco, CA: Pfeiffer Publishing.
Broadbent, J. (2017). Comparing online and blended learner's self-regulated learning strategies and academic performance. Internet and Higher.
Bryan, A., & Volchenkova, K. N. (2016). Blended learning: definition, models, implications for higher education. Bulletin of the South Ural State Uniersity. Ser. Education. Educational Sciences; 8(2); 24-30.
Chodorow, S. (2015). Educators must take the electronic revolution seriously. Acad Med; 71:221-6.
Christopher, N. A., Chris, C., & Julie, C. (2019), Blended Learning Designs in STEM Higher Education. Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2019
Elizabeth, S., & Philippa, G. A. (2019), Introduction to Blended Learning Practices evidence-based perspectives in ICT-facilitated education, IGI Global, Hershey, Pa., pp.1-19.
Fargzadeh, N., & Kashi, A. (2014). Examining the methods and tools of virtual education in order to improve the quality of education from the point of view of the professors of Azad University, Khodabande Branch, New Approach Scientific-Research Quarterly in Educational Management, 5(1): 16-21 [In Persian].
Fuller, L. (2021). Negotiating a New Blend in Blended Learning: Research Roots, The Journal of the Virginia Community Colleges, 24(1), 6: 5-7
Francesca, A., & Maria, B. L. (2022). Blended Learning and Teaching in Higher Education: An International Perspective, journal Education Sciences, https://mdpi. com/journal/education
Freeland, J. (2015). Three False Dichotomies in Blended Learning. San Mateo, CA: Clayton Christensen Institute.
Garrison, D. R., & Anderson, T. (2004). E-Learning in the 21st Century. London and New York: routlledge Falmer.
Garrison, D. R., & Vaughan, N. D. (2008). Blended Learning in Higher Education: Framework, Principles, and Guidelines. San Francisco (CA): Jossey- bass; 2008.
Jared, K., & Joachim, J. A. (2015). Models for Improving and Optimizing Online and Blended Learning in Higher Education, book. Published in the United States of America,http://www.igi-global.com.
Karmi, A., & Zarei., Z. I. (2013). Comparing the effect of integrated education with traditional education on students' critical thinking and happiness. Quarterly Journal of Information and Communication Technology in Educational Sciences, 4(4): 57-39 [In Persian].
Karmi, M., & Salari, Z. (2012). The effect of blended learning environment on the satisfaction and learning of industry experts, Journal of Educational Sciences of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, 6(20): 63-80.
Kiviniemi, Marc. T. (2014). Effects of a blended learning approach on student outcomes in a graduate-level public health course, BMC Medical Education 2014, 14:47 Page 2 of 7.
Kizhouri, A., & Sadeghpour, M. (2016). Comparison of the effect of traditional, electronic and electronic-traditional educational methods on the learning of pharmacology course in nursing students. Scientific Research Journal of Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, 24(2) [In Persian].
Hartono, h. (2020). Designing of Blended Learning Environment, Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 513 4th Sriwijaya University Learning and Education International Conference
Lewin, L, O., Singh, M., Bateman, B., & Glover, P, B. (2009). Improving education in primary care: development of an online curriculum using the blended learning model. BMC Medical Education, 9(33); 12-23.
Ma, L., & Chei, S. L. (2021) Evaluating the effectiveness of blended learning using the ARCS model, Journal of computer assisted learning
Najafi, H., & Heidari, M. (2019). Blended Learning and Academic Achievement: A Meta-Analysis. Quarterly Journal of Iranian Distance [In Persian].
Maufian, F., Nohi, E., & Abbaszadeh, A. (2013). The effect of integrated electronic education on learning and self-efficacy of nursing students in the course of special cardiovascular care, Nursing Education, 3(3): 39-37.
Mehraban, Z. (2015). Blended education, a flexible approach to design a model of in-service training for Iranian teachers in the field of science and nanotechnology. Journal of educational innovations, scientific research, 59(1); 57-8 [In Persian].
Mohammadkhani, M. (2015). Combined training, Tadbir, (172) [In Persian].
Mohammadi, M., Marzooqi, R. E., Salimi, Q., & Mansouri, S. (2016). The effect of combined education on the success and satisfaction of technical and vocational education system learners. Journal of Teaching and Learning Studies, 9(1): 108-91 [In Persian].
Mahmoudi, M., & Behrouz, E. (2017). Blended education and its capabilities to establish educational interaction in the public education system, New Research in Human Sciences, 44(14); 129-142 [In Persian].
Najafi, H. (2017). Meta-analysis of studies on the effectiveness of the blended learning approach on improving academic performance in Iran. Journal of Educational Research, 36(14); 59-72 [In Persian].
Omrani Saravi, B., & Hemmati, N. (2008). Combined training. Tehran: Bushra Publications with colleagues of Tohfe Publications [In Persian].
Poon, J. (2012). Use of blended learning to enhance the student learning.
Powell, A., Watson, J., Staley, P., Patrick, S., Horn, M., Fetzer, L., & Verma, S (2015). Blended Learning: The Evolution of Online and Face-to-Face Educationfrom 2008–2015. Promising Practices in Online Learning.
Ravioloa, P., Maria, G. S., Irene, M., & Marco, R. (2021) Blended learning in online teaching. First Workshop on Technology Enhanced Learning Environments for Blended Education (teleXbe2021), January 21–22,2021, Foggia, Italy
Rana Al-Maroof, Noor Al-Qaysi, Said A. Salloum & Mostafa, A. E. (2021). Blended Learning Acceptance: A Systematic Review of Information Systems Models, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10758-021-09519-0
Salehi, O. E. and Salari, Z. (2012). blended education; A new approach in the development of education and the teaching/learning process, Strategic Education Quarterly, 5(1): 69-75 [In Persian].
Sawari, K., & Falahi, M. (2016). Development and improvement of teaching and learning through blended learning. Journal of Educational Studies, Center for Studies and Development of Medical Education, Army University of Medical Sciences, 5(2): 20-26.
Seidi, M., & Yaqoubi, Z. (2011). Design and implementation of blended education system for training rehabilitation students. Media, 3(2): 42-50. [In Persian].
Setiyawan, A., Dardiri, A., & Sofyan, H. (2022). Developing a Blended Learning Model in Islamic Religious Education to Improve Learning Outcomes, International Journal of Information and Education Technology, 12(2):
Seyed Razavi, S. A., Rahimi Dost, Gh., & Mousavi, S. A. (2017). Comparison of the effect of linear and non-linear combined education on the academic progress of students in the course of experimental sciences. Journal of New Educational Approaches, 27(2); 1-24. [In Persian].
Shahin, M. (2010). Blended learning in vovational education: An experimental study. International Journal of vocational and Technical Education, 2(6), 95-101.
Tong, Y. (2020). Teaching Design and Practice of a Project-Based Blended Learning Model, International Journal of Mobile and Blended Learning. 12(1) January
Vinh-Thang, H., Yoshiteru, N., Tu-Bao, H., & Cher, P. L. (2016). Blended learning model on hands-on approach for in-service secondary school teachers: Combinationof E-learning and face-to-face discussion, Educ INF Technol; 30(21); 185–208.
Vermaghani, A., Alipour, V., & Qadri, S. (2015). The concept of combined education and the quality of its design. The National Conference of Psychological Knowledge and Technology, Educational Sciences and Comprehensive Psychology of Iran, Tehran, Sam Iranian Institute for the Development of Science and Technology Oriented Conferences [In Persian].