Antioxidant Effects of Camel Milk in Rats Infected with Salmonella typhimurium
Subject Areas : MicrobiologyM. Fatemi 1 , F. Ghandehari 2 , M. Abasi 3
1 - Assistant Professor of the Department of Biology, Falavarjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan,
Iran.
2 - Assistant Professor of the Department of Microbiology, Falavarjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan,
Iran.
3 - M. Sc. Graduated of the Department of Microbiology, Falavarjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan,
Iran.
Keywords: Antioxidants, Camel Milk, Salmonellosis, Salmonella typhimurium,
Abstract :
Introduction: Camel milk has high antioxidant activity because of vitamins, protein anddifferent enzymes and it can play an important role in the reduction of oxidative stress.Furthermore, camel’s milk has a stronger inhibitory effect against bacteria. In this researchsurvey the protective effect of camel milk against oxidative stress infection caused bySalmonella typhimurium in vivo conditions has been investigated. Salmonella infectionactivated phagocytic inflammatory cells by producing pro- inflammatory cytokines causes therelease of nitrogen and oxygen free radicals which it results in its cellular damage throughlike membranes lipids peroxidation and DNA and protein oxidative.Materials and Methods: Male Wistar rats (150±20g) divided into five groups (n=8). Group < br />A: contaminated with Salmonella typhimurium (ATCC14028). Group B: Contaminated withSalmonella typhimurium and treated by camel milk (33ml/kg). Group C: contaminated withSalmonella typhimurium (1.5×108) and treated by camel milk and antibiotic cefixime(400mg/kg). Group D: treatment with camel milk. Group E: Injection control. Aftercompletion of the course, animals became unconscious. The animals decreased and theirintestine, liver, and kidney were separated and the level of enzyme activity like SOD andCAT were checked in the tissues.Results: Statistical analysis showed that the level of activity of enzymes SOD and CATdecreased in the tissues of the infected group to Salmonella typhimurium, and by followingtreatment with camel milk and treatment with camel milk and antibiotics, this reductionincreased to a normal level.Conclusion: Camel milk plays a useful role as antioxidant nutritional supplement againstSalmonella typhimurium in rats.
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El-Fakharany, E. M., Nawal, A., Bakry, M. H., Lourdes, S., Nezar, A. R. & Elrashdy, M. R. (2012). Anti-infectivity of camel polyclonal antibodies against hepatitis C virus in Huh7.5 hepatoma. Virology Journal, 201, 1-9.
Ferrucci, L. M., Bell, B. P., Dhotre, K. B., Manos, M. M., Terrault, N. A. & Zaman, A. (2010). Complementary and alternative medicine use in chronic liver disease patients. Journal of clinical gastroenterology, 44(2), 40-45.
Grey, C. E. & Adlercreutz, P. (2003). Ability of antioxidants to prevent oxidative mutations in Salmonella typhimurium TA102. Mutat Research, 527(1-2), 27-36.
Huth, P. J., Rains, T. M., Yang, Y. & Phillips, S. M. (2008). Current and Emerging Role of Whey Protein on Muscle Accretion. Health Benefits, 4, 358-369.
Jrad, Z., Girardet, J. M., Adt, I., Oulahal, N., Degraeve, P., Khorchani, T. & El Hatmi, H. (2014). Antioxidant activity of camel milk casein. Malayan Law Journal Ekarstvo, 64 (4), 287-294. Kappeler, S. R., Ackermann, M., Farah, Z. & Puhan, Z. (1999). Sequence analysis of camel (Camelus dromedarius) lactoferrin. International Dairy Journal, 82(9), 481-448.
Korhonen, H. & Pihlanto, A. (2001). Food- derived bioactive peptides opportunities for designing future foods. Current Pharmaceutical Design, 9, 1297-1308. Quita Salwa, M. & Kurdi Lina, A.F. (2010). Antigenotoxic and anticytotoxic effect of camel milk inmice treated with cisplatin. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 17, 159–166.
Yagil, R. (1987). Camel milk-a review. International Journal of Animal Science, 2, 81-99.
Yassin, M., Mohamed Soliman, M., Mostafa, A. E. & MaksoudAli, H. (2015). Antimicrobial Effects of Camel Milk against Some Bacterial Pathogens. Journal of Food and Nutrition Research, 3(3), 162-168.
Abbas, S., Hifsa, A., Aalia, N. & Lubna, S.)2013). Physico-chemical analysis and composition of camel milk. International Research, 2(2), 85-98.
Afifi, M. E. (2010). Effect of Camel’s Milk on Cisplatin-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Swiss Albino Mice. The American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 6 (2), 141-147.
Al-Hashem, F. (2009). Camel milk protects against aluminium chloride-induced toxicity in the liver and kidney of white albino rats. Journal Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 5, 98-108.
Brown, H. B. (2005). Tylosin and cholertetracyclin for the prevention of liver abscecces. Journal of Animal Science, 40(2), 207-213. De-Valdez, G., Bib, G. F. & Bachmann, M. R. (1988). Antimicrobial effect of the lactoperoxydase /thiocyanate/hydrogen peroxide (LP) system on the activity of thermophilic starter culture. Milch wissenschaft, 43, 350-352. El-Agamy, S. I., Ruppanner, R. & Ismail, A. (1992). Antibacterial and antiviral activity of camel milk protective proteins. Journal of Dairy Research, 59,169-175.
El-Fakharany, E. M., Nawal, A., Bakry, M. H., Lourdes, S., Nezar, A. R. & Elrashdy, M. R. (2012). Anti-infectivity of camel polyclonal antibodies against hepatitis C virus in Huh7.5 hepatoma. Virology Journal, 201, 1-9.
Ferrucci, L. M., Bell, B. P., Dhotre, K. B., Manos, M. M., Terrault, N. A. & Zaman, A. (2010). Complementary and alternative medicine use in chronic liver disease patients. Journal of clinical gastroenterology, 44(2), 40-45.
Grey, C. E. & Adlercreutz, P. (2003). Ability of antioxidants to prevent oxidative mutations in Salmonella typhimurium TA102. Mutat Research, 527(1-2), 27-36.
Huth, P. J., Rains, T. M., Yang, Y. & Phillips, S. M. (2008). Current and Emerging Role of Whey Protein on Muscle Accretion. Health Benefits, 4, 358-369.
Jrad, Z., Girardet, J. M., Adt, I., Oulahal, N., Degraeve, P., Khorchani, T. & El Hatmi, H. (2014). Antioxidant activity of camel milk casein. Malayan Law Journal Ekarstvo, 64 (4), 287-294. Kappeler, S. R., Ackermann, M., Farah, Z. & Puhan, Z. (1999). Sequence analysis of camel (Camelus dromedarius) lactoferrin. International Dairy Journal, 82(9), 481-448.
Korhonen, H. & Pihlanto, A. (2001). Food- derived bioactive peptides opportunities for designing future foods. Current Pharmaceutical Design, 9, 1297-1308. Quita Salwa, M. & Kurdi Lina, A.F. (2010). Antigenotoxic and anticytotoxic effect of camel milk inmice treated with cisplatin. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 17, 159–166.
Yagil, R. (1987). Camel milk-a review. International Journal of Animal Science, 2, 81-99.
Yassin, M., Mohamed Soliman, M., Mostafa, A. E. & MaksoudAli, H. (2015). Antimicrobial Effects of Camel Milk against Some Bacterial Pathogens. Journal of Food and Nutrition Research, 3(3), 162-168.