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Manuscript ID : JEST-1801-4095 (R2) Visit : 59 Page: 15 - 25

10.22034/jest.2020.33219.4095

Article Type: Original Research

The Concentration of Lead and Cadmium in the Hermit Crab (Coenobita scaevola) and Sediments of KISH Island

Subject Areas : Environmental pollutions (water, soil and air)

Mahsa  Aghabozorgi 1 (MSc., Student at Environmental Science Department, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran)
Atefeh  Chamani 2 (Environmental Science Department, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran ٭(Corresponding Authors))

Received: 2018-01-05 Accepted : 2018-07-04 Published : 2020-07-22

Keywords: Coenobita Scaevola, Cadmium, Sediment, Lead, Hermit crab,

Abstract :

Background and Objective: The presence of hermit crabs in aquatic species and coastal bird’s food chain and their significant role in environmental remediation highlight the importance of studying these species as biological indicators. Hence, this study assessed the concentration of Lead and Cadmium in sediments of and hard tissue of hermit crabs in KISH Island and compared the results against international standards. Methods: To determine the concentration of Lead and Cadmium, 30 sediment samples and 60 crabs were randomly collected from the south and southeast of KISH Island. By preparation and analysis of specimens, the concentration of heavy metals was determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometer.  Findings: The mean concentration of lead and cadmium in the sediments of the south and southeast coasts of Kish Island were 63.20 and 2.94 mg/kg, respectively, both of which are higher than the sediment quality standards of Canada and NOAA. The mean concentration of lead and cadmium in the hard tissue of Coenobita scaevola were 20.92 and 2.09 mg/kg, respectively, which is much higher than the average obtained in similar studies on Persian Gulf aquatic animals. Discussion and Conclusion: The mean concentration of lead and cadmium in the hard tissue of Coenobita Scaevola is much higher than the similar studies on Persian Gulf aquatics. The interaction of lead and cadmium in disrupting growth physiology has been proven. Cadmium has a negative effect on nutrition, growth, survival, and reproductive activities of Coenobita Scaevola.

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_||_

  1. Çoğun H, Yüzereroğlu T, Firat Ö, Gök G, Kargin F. Metal concentrations in fish species from the northeast Mediterranean sea. Environmental monitoring and assessment. 2006;121(1):429-36.
    2.
  2. Xu F, Hu B, Yuan S, Zhao Y, Dou Y, Jiang Z, et al. Heavy metals in surface sediments of the continental shelf of the south yellow sea and east China sea: Sources, distribution and contamination. CATENA. 2018;160:194-200.
    3.
  3. Reijnders PJ, Aguilar A, Borrell A. Pollution and marine mammals.  Encyclopedia of marine mammals (second edition): Elsevier; 2009. p. 890-8.
    4.
  4. Najm M, Shokrzadeh M, Fakhar M, Hosseini SM, Rahimi-Esboei B, Habibi F. Concentration of heavy metals (cd, cr and pb) in the tissues of Clupeonella cultriventris and Gasterosteus aculeatus from babolsar coastal waters of Mazandaran province, Caspian sea Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. 2014;24(113):185-92.
    5.
  5. Nor Hasyimah A, James Noik V, Teh Y, Lee C, Pearline Ng H. Assessment of Cadmium (Cd) and Lead (Pb) levels in commercial marine fish organs between wet markets and supermarkets in klang valley, Malaysia. International Food Research Journal. 2011;18(2).
    6.
  6. McLaughlin PA, Komai T, Lemaitre R, Rahayu DL. Annotated checklist of anomuran decapod crustaceans of the world (exclusive of the Kiwaoidea and families Chirostylidae and Galatheidae of the Galatheoidea) part i–lithodoidea, lomisoidea and paguroidea. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology. 2010;23(i):131-7.
    7.
  7. Demirak A, Yilmaz F, Tuna AL, Ozdemir N. Heavy metals in water, sediment and tissues of Leuciscus cephalus from a stream in southwestern Turkey. Chemosphere. 2006;63(9):1451-8.
    8.
  8. 8.         Hopwood D, Bancroft JD, Stevens A. Theory and practice of histological techniques. Theory and practice of histological techniques. 1996.
    9.
  9. Al-Mohanna S, Subrahmanyam M. Flux of heavy metal accumulation in various organs of the intertidal marine blue crab, Portunus pelagicus (l.) from the kuwait coast after the gulf war. Environment International. 2001;27(4):321-6.
    10.
  10. Gadhavi MK. Studies on estuarine brachyuran crabs: Behavioural ecology and ecotoxicology: MS University of Baroda; 2015.
    11.
  11. 11.       Khaled A, El Nemr A, El Sikaily A. Heavy metal concentrations in biota of the Mediterranean sea: A review, Part ii. Blue Biotechnology Journal. 2013;2(2):191.
    12.
  12. MacFarlane G, Schreider M, McLennan B. Biomarkers of heavy metal contamination in the red fingered marsh crab, Parasesarma erythodactyla. Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology. 2006;51(4):584-93.
    13.
  13. Simpson S, Batley G. Sediment quality assessment: A practical guide: Csiro Publishing; 2016.
    14.
  14. Long ER, MacDonald DD, Smith SL, Calder FD. Incidence of adverse biological effects within ranges of chemical concentrations in marine and estuarine sediments. Environmental management. 1995;19(1):81-97.
    15.
  15. CCME. Canadian sediment quality guidelines for the protection of aquatic life. Canadian Environmental Quality Guidelines, CCME. 2001.
    16.
  16. Team RC. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna, Austria: R foundation for statistical computing; 2014. 2017.
    17.
  17. APHA. Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. American Public Health Association (APHA): Washington, DC, USA. 2005.
    18.
  18. Shulkin V, Presley B, Kavun VI. Metal concentrations in mussel Crenomytilus grayanus and oyster Crassostrea gigas in relation to contamination of ambient sediments. Environment International. 2003;29(4):493-502.
    19.
  19. Han B-C, Jeng W, Chen R, Fang G, Hung T, Tseng R. Estimation of target hazard quotients and potential health risks for metals by consumption of seafood in Taiwan. Archives Of environmental contamination and toxicology. 1998;35(4):711-20.
    20.
  20. Chamani A, Kazemi M, Mohammadi H. Hawksbill Turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata) contamination to heavy metal (Lead, Cadmium) in Kish island. Journal of Animal Environment. 2018;10(3):133-40.
    21.
  21. Koohrani P, Chamani A. The concentration of lead and nickel in the sediment and root and leaves of Rhizophora mucronata in khore azini international wetland, Iran. Marine Biology. 2019;11(2):21-32.
    22.
  22. Seifi M, Mahvi AH, Hashemi SY, Arfaeinia H, Pasalari H, Zarei A, et al. Spatial distribution, enrichment and geo-accumulation of heavy metals in surface sediments near urban and industrial areas in the Persian Gulf. Desalination and Water Treatment. 2019;158:130-9.
    23.
  23. Pejman A, Bidhendi GN, Ardestani M, Saeedi M, Baghvand A. Fractionation of heavy metals in sediments and assessment of their availability risk: A case study in the northwestern of Persian Gulf. Marine pollution bulletin. 2017;114(2):881-7.
    24.
  24. Bastami KD, Afkhami M, Mohammadizadeh M, Ehsanpour M, Chambari S, Aghaei S, et al. Bioaccumulation and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in the sediments and mullet Liza klunzingeri in the northern part of the Persian Gulf. Marine pollution bulletin. 2015;94(1-2):329-34.
    25.
  25. Agah H, Hashtroudi M, Baeyens W. Trace metals and major elements in sediments of the northern Persian Gulf. Journal of the Persian Gulf. 2012;3(7):45-58.
    26.
  26. Mehr MR, Keshavarzi B, Moore F, Fooladivanda S, Sorooshian A, Biester H. Spatial distribution, environmental risk and sources of heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surface sediments-northwest of Persian Gulf. Continental Shelf Research. 2020;193:104036.
    27.
  27. Delshab H, Farshchi P, Keshavarzi B. Geochemical distribution, fractionation and contamination assessment of heavy metals in marine sediments of the Asaluyeh port, Persian Gulf. Marine Pollution Bulletin. 2017;115(1-2):401-11.
    28.
  28. Saadati M, Soleimani M, Sadeghsaba M, Hemami MR. Bioaccumulation of heavy metals (Hg, Cd and Ni) by sentinel crab (Macrophthalmus depressus) from sediments of Mousa bay, Persian Gulf. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 2020;191:109986.
    29.
  29. 29.       Che RO, Cheung S. Heavy metals in Metapenaeus ensis, Eriocheir sinensis and sediment from the Mai po marshes, Hong Kong. Science of the Total Environment. 1998;214(1-3):87-97.
    30.
  30. Perry H, Isphording W, Trigg C, Riedel R. Heavy metals in red crabs, Chaceon quinquedens, from the gulf of mexico. Marine pollution bulletin. 2015;101(2):845-51.
    31.
  31. Bosco-Santos A, Luiz-Silva W, da Silva-Filho EV, de Souza MDC, Dantas EL, Navarro MS. Fractionation of rare earth and other trace elements in crabs, Ucides cordatus, from a subtropical mangrove affected by fertilizer industry. Journal of Environmental Sciences. 2017;54:69-76.
    32.
  32. Jerome FC, Hassan A, Omoniyi-Esan GO, Odujoko OO, Chukwuka AV. Metal uptake, oxidative stress and histopathological alterations in gills and hepatopancreas of Callinectes amnicola exposed to industrial effluent. Ecotoxicology and environmental safety. 2017;139:179-93.
    33.
  33. Monikh FA, Safahieh A, Savari A, Doraghi A. Heavy metal concentration in sediment, benthic, benthopelagic, and pelagic fish species from Musa estuary (Persian Gulf). Environmental monitoring and assessment. 2013;185(1):215-22.
    34.
  34. Seyfabadi J, Kheirabadi N, Owfi F, Mahvary A. Shell selection behaviour and spatial distribution of three species of intertidal hermit crabs from Hormuz island, Persian Gulf (Crustacea: Paguroidea). Zoology in the Middle East. 2014;60(4):327-34.
    35.
  35. Mendil D, Ünal ÖF, Tüzen M, Soylak M. Determination of trace metals in different fish species and sediments from the river yeşilırmak in Tokat, Turkey. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 2010;48(5):1383-92.
    36.
  36. Sankar T, Zynudheen A, Anandan R, Nair PV. Distribution of organochlorine pesticides and heavy metal residues in fish and shellfish from Calicut region, kerala, India. Chemosphere. 2006;65(4):583-90.
    37.
  37. Nafchi MA, Chamani A. Physiochemical factors and heavy metal pollution, affecting the population abundance of Coenobita scaevola. Marine pollution bulletin. 2019;149:110494.
    38.
  38. Makareh M, Chamani A, Moshtaghie M. Evaluation of lead and cadmium pollutions in morphometric characteristics of Hermit crab (Coenobita scaevola). Journal of Environmental Studies. 2018;43(4):713-23.
    39.
  39. Nourouzi MM, Chamani A, Shirani M, Malekpouri P, Chuah AL. Effect of cd and pb pollutions on physiological growth: Wavelet Neural Network (WNN) as a new approach on age determination of Coenobita scaevola. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. 2018;101(3):6-325.
    40.
  40. Tsipoura N, Burger J, Newhouse M, Jeitner C, Gochfeld M, Mizrahi D. Lead, Mercury, Cadmium, Chromium, and Arsenic levels in eggs, feathers, and tissues of Canada Geese of the new jersey meadowlands. Environmental Research. 2011;111(6):775-84.
    41.

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