The Relationship between Principals' Instructional Leadership and School Effectiveness with the Mediating Role of School Culture in Ardabil Province's Secondary Schools

Subject Areas : Education

ali yousefi ¹ , adel zahed bablan ² , Mahdi Moeeni Kia ³

1 - Student of Educational Management, Dept. of Educational Sciences, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Mohaghegh Ardabili University
2 - Professor of Educational Management, Dept. of Educational Sciences, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Mohaghegh Ardabili University
3 - Associate Professor of Distance Education Planning, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Mohaghegh Ardabili University, Ardabil, Iran

Received: 2020-03-14 Accepted : 2021-08-04 Published : 2021-06-22

Keywords: School effectiveness, school culture, Principals' Instructional Leadership, Teachers perception,

Abstract :

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between principals' instructional leadership and school effectiveness with the mediating role of school culture. The research method was correlational and based on Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The statistical population of the study consisted of all first secondary schools teachers in Ardabil province in the academic year 2018-19 with 3064 (1684 men and 1380 women) teachres. The sample size was 346 according to the Krejcie and Morgan sample size table, which increased to 418 (236 men and 182 women). The stratified random sampling method was used. Data were collected through three questionnaires: principals' instructional leadership ranking (Hallinger, 2013), school culture survey (Gruenert & Valentine, 1998) and school effectiveness index (Hoy, 2009). The validity and reliability of all three questionnaires were confirmed. Research data were analyzed by structural equation modeling method and AMOS24 software. The results showed that according to teachers' perception: There was a significant positive relationship between the principals' instructional leadership variables, school culture and school effectiveness. The full mediating role of school culture in the relationship between principals' instructional leadership and school effectiveness was also confirmed. According to the results of this study, educational leadership and school culture can contribute to the schools effectiveness; Therefore, in order to achieve the effectiveness of schools, principals must develop a positive school culture.

References:

1. Ali, Niaz (2017) Teachers’perceptions of the relationship between principals’ instructional leadership, school culture and school effectiveness in secondary schools in Pakistan / Niaz Ali. PhD thesis, University of Malaya.

2. Amanurhidayani, A., Kana, S., Akib, H., & Darwis, M. (2019). The Influence of Organizational Culture on Motivation to Learn in Vocational School Yplp Pgri 1 Makassar. Jurnal Office, 5(1), 15-22.

3. Amerifar, F., & Jahan, J., (2013). The Relationship between Organizational Culture and School Effectiveness from the Viewpoint of Principals and Teachers of Shiraz High School. Jounal of A New Approaches to Educational Administration. 4(3), 155-169. [In Presain]

4. Amjad, M., Gholami, Kh., & Neamati, S., (2015). The effect of principled distributive leadership style on the effectiveness of schools through the motivation of teachers and their academic optimism in high schools in Sanandaj. Research in school and virtual learning, 2(7), 7-26.

5. Antoniou, A. S., & Gioumouki, M. (2018). Leadership and School Culture of Mainstream and Special Primary Schools. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 8(5), 401–416.

6. Antoniou, P., & Lu, M. (2018). Evaluating the measuring properties of the principal instructional management rating scale in the Chinese educational system: Implications for measuring school leadership. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 46(4), 624-641.‏

7. Behrangi, M. R., Abdollahi, B., Nave Ebrahim, A., & Ghoodarzi, A., (2015). The Pathology of School Culture Based on Competitive Value Framework. Journal of Management Training in Organizations. 4(1), 9-41. [In Presain]

8. Behrangi, M. R., & Yousefi, A. (2013). The function of Managing Science Education Model in Information Processing Models of Teaching in nurturing knowledge, skill and attitude of first grade science students in the middle School. Journal of Managing Education in organizations, 2(1), 9-32.

9. Boonla, D., & Treputtharat, S. (2014). The relationship between the leadership style and school effectiveness in school under the office of secondary education area 20. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 112, 991-996.‏

10. Bush, T. (2010). Theories of educational leadership and management (4th Ed). Sage.

11. Bush, T. (2015). Understanding instructional leadership. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 43(4), 487–489.

12. Coleman, J. S., Campbell, E. Q., Hobson, C. J., McPartland, J., Mood, A. M., Weinfeld, F. D., & York, R. L. (1996). Equality of Educational Opportunity. Washington: US Dept. Of Health, Education, and Welfare, Of ice of Education. Pág, 36.‏

13. Demanet, J., & Van Houtte, M. (2019). School effects on deviance: An international perspective. In Resisting Education: A Cross-National Study on Systems and School Effects, 2, 3-26.

14. Duan, X., Du, X., & Yu, K. (2018). School Culture and School Effectiveness: The Mediating Effect of Teachers’ Job Satisfaction. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, 17(5).‏15-25.

15. Gholtash, A. (2014). Relationship between organizational culture and organizational intelligence with job satisfaction of employees.  Journal of New Approaches in Educational Administration, 5 (3), 115-128. [In Presain]

16. Gruenert, S., & Whitaker, T. (2015). School culture rewired: How to define, assess, and transform it. ASCD.‏

17. Hair, J., Hollingsworth, C. L., Randolph, A. B., & Chong, A. Y. L. (2017). An updated and expanded assessment of PLS-SEM in information systems research. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 117(3), 442-458.

18. Hallinger, P. (2013). A conceptual framework for systematic reviews of research in educational leadership and management. Journal of Educational Administration, 51(2), 126-149.

19. Hallinger, P., & Hosseingholizadeh, R. (2019). Exploring instructional leadership in Iran: A mixed methods study of high-and low-performing principals. Educational Management Administration & Leadership,

20. Hallinger, P., & Murphy, J. (1985). Assessing the instructional management behavior of principals. The Elementary School Journal, 86(2), 217-247.‏

21. Hallinger, P., Adams, D., Harris, A., & Suzette Jones, M. (2018). Review of conceptual models and methodologies in research on principal instructional leadership in Malaysia: A case of knowledge construction in a developing society. Journal of educational administration, 56(1), 104-126.‏

22. Harris, A., Jones, M., Adams, D., & Cheah, K. (2019). Instructional leadership in Malaysia: a review of the contemporary literature. School Leadership & Management, 39(1), 76-95.

23. Heidari, R., Zeinabadi, H., Behrangi, M., & Abdollahi, B., (2016). Culture and innovative organizational climate of the school: A Qualitative Research. Journal of New Approaches in Educational Administration. 7(1). 74-53. [In Presain]

24. Hooman, H. A., (2016), Structural Equation Modeling Using LISREL Software (8th Ed), Tehran, Samat. [In Presain]

25. Hooper, D., Coughlan, J., & Mullen, M. R. (2008). Structural equation modelling: guidelines for determining model fit. Electron J Bus Res Methods 6(1), 53–60.‏

26. Horton Jr, J. A. (2018). A Descriptive Study of School Climate and School Culture in Selected Public Secondary Schools in New Jersey and New York.‏

27. Hoy, W. K. (2009). School effectiveness index. Retrieved 25 February, 2019, from: https://www.waynekhoy.com/school-effectiveness/.

28. Hoy. W. k. & Miskel, C. G. (2013). Educational administration: Theory, Research & Practice (9th Ed). New York: McGraw-Hill.

29. Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural equation modeling: a multidisciplinary journal, 6(1), 1-55.‏

30. Imam Jome, M. R.; Keramat, A.; Saki, R., (2016). The Relationship between Thoughtful Leadership and the Effectiveness of Primary Schools of Quds City Based on Parsons Model. Journal of A New Approaches to Educational Administration, 5(4), 168 - 149.

31. Karimi, A. (2014). Summary of the report by TIMSS and PIRLS 2011 and its impact on improving the performance of the Iranian education system. Thames and Pearls National Center for Studies. Available at: http://timsspirls.ir [In Presain]

32. Leithwood, K. A., & Levin, B. (2005). Assessing school leader and leadership programme effects on pupil learning. London: DfES Publications.‏

33. Mackey, K. H. (2016). The Relationships Among Instructional Leadership, School Culture, and Student Achievement in Kentucky Elementary Schools.‏ Dissertations. Paper 110. Western Kentucky University.

34. MacKinnon, G. R., Young, D., Paish, S., & LeBel, S. (2019). Preparing Instructional Leaders: Evaluating a Regional Program to Gauge Perceived Effectiveness. International Journal of Education Policy and Leadership, 14(1).

35. Mees, G. W. (2008). The relationship among principal leadership, school culture, and student achievement in Missouri middle schools (Doctoral dissertation, University of Missouri--Columbia).‏

36. Mott, P. E. (1972). The characteristics of effective organizations. Harper Collins Publishers.‏

37. Rahimian, H., Abbaspour, A., & Sarrafan, F., (2017). The role of servant leadership in the organizational effectiveness of schools. Research on Educational Leadership and Management, 3(10), 113-140. [In Presain]

38. Shenol, H., & Lesinger, F. Y. (2018). The relationship between instructional leadership style, trust and school culture. In Leadership. IntechOpen.

39. Sufean, H. (2014). School culture and instructional leadership of high-performing and low performing school: Patterns of variation and relationship. Jurnal of Humanities and Social Science (IOSR-JHSS), 19(3), 138-144.‏

40. Ten Bruggencate, G., Luyten, H., Scheerens, J., & Sleegers, P. (2012). Modeling the influence of school leaders on student achievement: how can school leaders make a difference?. Educational Administration Quarterly, 48(4), 699-732

41. Zahed, A., Koolai, G., Moeinikia, M., & Rezai Sharif, A. (2019). Modeling the role of principals instructional leadership through school culture on teachers' career aspirations. Journal of New Approaches in Educational Administration. 10 (3), 24-1. [In Presain]

42. Zarei Matin, H., (2018). Advanced organizational behavior management. Eighth Edition. Tehran: Agah Publications. [In Presain]