Survey of anatomical features, yeild reaction of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) and the amount of soil potassium in response to potassium nitrate

Subject Areas : Developmental biology of plants and animals , development and differentiation in microorganisms

Maryam kolahi ¹ , Sobhan Mousavi ² , Hossein Haj sharafi ³ , Mehdi mosavati ⁴ , mohammad hosein sheikhorezaei ⁵ , Elham saffar ⁶ , Atefeh Kord zangeneh ⁷

1 - Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamram University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
2 - Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamram University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
3 - Department of Soil and Water, Agricultural Research Amir Kabir Agro-Industry Company. Ahvaz, Iran.
4 - Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamram University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
5 - Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamram University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
6 - Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamram University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
7 - Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamram University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.

Received: 2017-05-22 Accepted : 2017-09-11 Published : 2017-05-22

Keywords: Anatomy, Sugarcane, Potassium fertilizer, Fixed potassium,

Abstract :

After Nitrogen, Potassium is an essential and most consumed element, in plant’s growth. Potassium has very important functions to regulation the osmotic potential of the cell amass retention, the development of cells and stomata activity. Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.), as an important product for the supply sugar and side industries, due to the high biomass need to attract a large amount of potassium during its life cycle. This research was done as a complete randomized block design, in applied research farm of Amir-Kabir Agro-industry. To do research, treatment of potassium nitrate fertilizer was applied at three levels, control, 75 and 150 kg/h potassium. During the implementation of the research the density, yield, weight of stem, amount of available, fixed potassium and anatomical structure of plant aerial part were studied. Applying potassium fertilizer on treatment did not show significant changes on density and yield of the plant in the farm. As well as the amount of fixed potassium under the influence of potassium fertilizer treatment did not show significant changes, but in treatment 150 kg/ha, a significant difference in the amount of available potassium was seen. The amount of the stem weight in the treatment of 150 kg/ha potassium in compared to control and treatment of 75 kg/ ha potassium showed significant difference. Often anatomical characteristics showed significant changes in sugarcane under the potassium treatment. The consumption of potassium fertilizer at the time of use didn’t developed growing conditions of sugarcane. Anatomical changes of aerial organs under the potassium fertilizer consumption represented the anatomical adaptation of plant to increase the soil potassium.

References:

[1] Aranda-Peres, A. N., Peres, L. E. P., Higashi, E. N., and Martinelli, A. P. 2009. Adjustment of mineral elements in the culture medium for the micropropagation of three Vriesea bromeliads from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest: the importance of calcium. HortScience 44:106-112.

[2] Askegaard, M., Eriksen, J., and J. E. Olesen. 2003. Exchangeable potassium and potassium balances in organic crop rotations on a coarse sand. Soil Use Manag 19:96-103.

[3] Basile, B., Reidel, E. J., Weinbaum, S. A., and T. M. DeJong. 2003.Leaf potassium concentration, CO2 exchange and light interception in almond trees (Prunus dulcis (Mill) D.A. Webb). Scientia Hort 98:185194.

[4] Bostani, A., Savaghebi, G. R., and M. Miransari. 2011. Potassium behavior in some Iranian soils of Khuzestan province planted with sugarcane. Comm Soil Scie Plant Analy 42:2024-2037.

[5] Chase, A. R. and T. K. Broschat. 1991. Diseases and disorders of ornamental palms. Minnesota, US: APS Press.

[6] Eburneo, L. N. G., Ribeiro-Junior, I. V., Karsburg, A. A., Rossi, and I. V. Silva. 2017. Anatomy and micromorphometric analysis of leaf Catasetum x apolloi Benelli & Grade with addition of potassium silicate under different light sources. Braz J Biol 77:140-149.

[7] Elumalai, R. P., Nagpal, P. and J .W. Reed. 2002. A mutation in the Arabidopsis KT2/KUP2 potassium transporter gene affects shoot cell expansion. Plant Cell 14:119-131.

[8] Han, S., Zhang, Y., Chen, Q., Duan, Y., Zheng, T., Hu, X., Zhang, Z. and L. Zhang. 2011. Fluconazole inhibits hERG K(+) channel by direct block and disruption of protein trafficking. Eur J Pharmacol 650:138-144.

[9] Hartt, C. E. 1934. some effects of potassium upon the growth of sugar cane
and upon the absorption and migration of ash constituents. Plant Physiology 9:399451.

[10] Helmke, P. A. and D. Sparks. 1996. Lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, and cesium. Methods of Soil Analysis Part 3— Chemical Methods:551-574.

[11] Jafarnejadi, A. R. 2013. Investigation sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) yeild reaction to different resourcesof potassium fertilizers. Crop Physiology 5(19): 61-71.

[12] Jensen, W. A. 1962. Botanical histochemistry: principles and practice. W.H. Freeman & Co, San Francisco.

[13] Kuchenbuch, R., Claassen, N. and A. Jungk. 1991. Potassium availability in relation to soil moisture. Plant Soil 95:233243.

[14] Longstreth, D. J. and P. S. Nobel. 1980. Nutrient Influences on Leaf Photosynthesis: effects of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium for Gossypium hirsutum L. Plant Physiol 65:541-543.

[15] Manning, D. A. 2010. Mineral sources of potassiumfor plant nutrition. A review. Agro Sust Dev 30:281-294.

[16] Marschner, H. 1995. Functions of mineral nutrients: macronutrients. Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants (Second Edition). Academic Press, London. Pages 229-312.

[17] Medina, N .H., Branco, M. L. T., Silveira, M. A., and R. B. Santos. 2013. Dynamic distribution of potassium in sugarcane. J Environ Radio 126:172-175.

[18] Mengel, K. and E. A. Kirkby. 1978. Principles of plant nutrition. Principles of plant nutrition.

[19] Nieves-Cordones, M., Al Shiblawi, F. R. and H. Sentenac. 2016. Roles and transport of sodium and potassium in plants. Met Ions Life Sci 16:291-324.

[20] Ninements, Ü. 1999. Research review. Components of leaf dry mass per area– thickness and density–alter leaf photosynthetic capacity in reverse directions in woody plants. New Phytologist 144:35-47.

[21] Onanuga, A. O., Jiang, P. and S. Adl. 2011. Effect of phytohormones, phosphorus and potassium on Cotton varieties (Gossypium hirsutum) root growth and root activity grown in hydroponic nutrient solution. J Agri Sci 4(3): 93-99.

[22] O'Toole, J. C., Treharne, K., Turnipseed, M., Crookston, K. and J. Ozbun. 1980. effect of potassium nutrition on leaf anatomy and net photosynthesis of Phaseolvs vulgaris L. New Phytologist 84:623-630.

[23] Rubio, B. and F. Gil‐Sotres. 1997. Distribution of four major forms of potassium in soils of Galicia (N.W. Spain). Comm Soil Sci Plant Ana 28:1805-1816.

[24] Sabreen, S. and S. Saiga. 2004. Potassium level suitable for screening high magnesium containing grass seedlings under solution culture. JPlant nutrition 27:1015-1027.

[25] Shabala, S. 2003. Regulation of potassium transport in leaves: from molecular to tissue level. Ann Botany 92:627-634.

[26] Sharma, T., Dreyer, I. and J. Riedelsberger. 2013. The role of K(+) channels in uptake and redistribution of potassium in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Fron Plant Scie 4:224-235.

[27] Singh, S .K. and V. R. Reddy. 2017. Potassium starvation limits soybean growth more than the photosynthetic processes across CO(2) Levels. Front Plant Sci 8:9911003.

[28] Thiel, G. and A. H. Wolf. Operation of K+channels in stomatal movement. Trends Plant Sci. 2:339-345.

[29] Wang, Y. T. 2007. Potassium nutrition affects Phalaenopsis growth and flowering. Hort Sci. 42: 1563-1567

[30] Yeh, D.-M., Lin, L. and C. Wright. 2000. Effects of mineral nutrient deficiencies on leaf development, visual symptoms and shoot–root ratio of Spathiphyllum.Scientia Hort 86:223-233.

[31] Zepeda-Jazo, I., S. Shabala, Z. Chen, and I. I. Pottosin. 2008. Na(+)-K(+) transport in roots under salt stress. Plant Sign Behav. 3:401-403.

[32] Zhao, D., Oosterhuis, D. M. and C. W. Bednarz. 2001. Influence of potassium deficiency on photosynthesis, chlorophyll content, and chloroplast ultrastructure of cotton plants. Photosynthetica 39:103-109.

[33] Zivdar, S., Arzani, K., Souri, M. K., Moallemi, N. and S. M. Seyyednejad. 2016. Physiological and biochemical response ofOlive (Olea europaea L.) cultivars to foliar potassium application. J Agr Sci Tech 18:1897-1908.