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1 - Investigation of TruMDR2 gene expression of Trichophyton rubrum in response to terbinafine and nanoterbinafine
, N. Motedayen , S. Rezaie , S.J., Hashemi , M Bayat

Trichophyton rubrum is one of the most common causes of dermatophytosis. Increasing the expression of the TruMDR2 gene, which codes efflux pumps, results in resistance to T., rubrum versus terbinafine. Researching on new antifungal agents that can reduce the expression More

Trichophyton rubrum is one of the most common causes of dermatophytosis. Increasing the expression of the TruMDR2 gene, which codes efflux pumps, results in resistance to T., rubrum versus terbinafine. Researching on new antifungal agents that can reduce the expression of this gene leading to decreases resistance to terbinafine is undeniable. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the expression of TruMDR2 gene on clinical isolates of T., rubrum against terbinafine and nanotrobinifin. In this study, two isolates of T. rubrum isolated from the onychomycosis lesions were identified by phenotyping and genotyping, and the anti-fungal susceptibility testing of terbinafine and nano-terbinafine was done by Broth microdilution according to the CLSI method. Then gene expression of TruMDR2 in two distinct isolates were investigated in sub MIC concentrations of terbinafine and nano-terbinafine. The results showed that in the presence of sub-MIC concentrations of terbinafine, the expression of the gene was 16/222 and 18/636, while the expression of the gene was in the sub MIC concentrations of nano-terbinafine 7/913 and 9/190. According to the findings of this study, the expression of TruMDR2 gene expression in both two isolates was lower increasing in present of sub MIC concentration of nano terbinafine in compared to terbinafine. Manuscript profile
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2 - مطالعه مولکولی ژن سوبتیلیزین درترایکوفایتون وروکوزوم و میکروسپوروم جیپسئوم نمونه های جداسازی شده انسان وحیوان ونمونه های خاک به روش مولکولی و رسم دندروگرام
, F. Naeimipour SJ. Hashemi Hazaveh, S. Rezaiem , M. Bayat

ژن های سوبتیلیزین که سرین پروتئازها را کد می کنند، نقش بسیار مهمی در بیماریزایی درماتوفیت ها دارند.هدف این مطالعه بررسی حضور و تشابه ژن سوبتیلیزین در 25 نمونه کلینیکی و غیر کلینیکی دو درماتوفیت ترایکوفایتون وروکوزوم (ت.وروکوزوم) و میکروسپوروم جیپسئوم (م.جیپسئوم)  ب More

ژن های سوبتیلیزین که سرین پروتئازها را کد می کنند، نقش بسیار مهمی در بیماریزایی درماتوفیت ها دارند.هدف این مطالعه بررسی حضور و تشابه ژن سوبتیلیزین در 25 نمونه کلینیکی و غیر کلینیکی دو درماتوفیت ترایکوفایتون وروکوزوم (ت.وروکوزوم) و میکروسپوروم جیپسئوم (م.جیپسئوم)  به روش مولکولی و رسم دندروگرام بود ( 25/16 ). %64 سویه ها، حضور ژن را به خوبی نشان دادند. تحلیل آماری داده ها نشان از ارتباط بین حضور ژن سوبتیلیزین و میزبان (انسان/حیوان/خاک)، نوع درماتوفیت را نشان داد(P< 0.005).  با به کار گیری نرم افزار NTsys ، متد UPGMA و کات آف نامبر70%، سویه های مورد مطالعه از نظرمشابهت ژن سوبتیلیزین در آنها، در10 ژنوتایپ متفاوت دسته بندی شدند (ضریب سیمپسون برای پرایمرها 0.88 بود). به دلیل وجود گزارشات متفاوت مبنی بر حضور/عدم حضور ژن سوبتیلیزین در نمونه های بالینی و غیر بالینی ت.وروکوزوم و م.جیپسئوم، در این بررسی، پرایمرهای جدید برای تایید حضور ژن در نمونه ها (64%) طراحی و سنتز شد.گرچه نیاز به مطالعات کامل تر برای تاییدات بیشتر وجود دارد. Manuscript profile
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3 - Comparison of CYP51A gene expression of Aspergillus fumigatus isolates against fluconazole and nano-fluconazole
Sarrafha Sarrafha, S.J. Hashemi Hazaveh S. Rezaei M. Bayat,

Aspergillosis is an opportunistic fungal infection in animals. The disease is mainly respiratory, but other disease manifestations also occur in poultry. Researchers have shown that, one of the reasons for the increase in drug resistance in Aspergillus species is the ov More

Aspergillosis is an opportunistic fungal infection in animals. The disease is mainly respiratory, but other disease manifestations also occur in poultry. Researchers have shown that, one of the reasons for the increase in drug resistance in Aspergillus species is the overexpression of the CYP51A gene. This study compared CYP51A gene expression of Aspergillus fumigatus isolated from poultry against fluconazole and nano-fluconazole. Fluconazole liposomal-nanoparticles were prepared by the thin layer hydration method. We dissolved 5.12 mg of fluconazole powder in 1 ml of sterile distilled water and 6 ml of chloroform-methanol organic solvent. We added 51 mg of lecithin and 5 mg of cholesterol to it. The size of nanoparticles was 88.9±12.1 nm and the surface charge of these nanoparticles was -20.12±1.88 mv. We also used a Scanning-Electron Microscope to study the structure of nanoparticles. Thirty samples of A. fumigatus were collected from poultry lung nodules. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was performed by standard Broth Microdilution method according to NCCLS-M38A2 to evaluate the MIC of fluconazole and nano-fluconazole against isolates. We selected two high-resistance isolates to fluconazole and used them to determine the CYP51A gene expression level by real-time PCR. The results showed that nano-fluconazole had a lower MIC than fluconazole and in lower concentrations of the drug inhibited the growth of Aspergillus fumigatus isolates. CYP51A gene expression was increased in fluconazole and nano-fluconazole-treated isolates compared to the untreated state. Conversely, a decrease in CYP51A gene expression was observed in the exposure to nano-drug compared with the normal drug. Manuscript profile

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