Using Genetic Optimization Algorithm in Coordination of Capacitor Banks, Transformer Tap Changers and Storage Devices in the Presence of Solar Systems

Subject Areas : Electronics Engineering

Esmaeil Azarkish ¹ , Mostafa Esmael beag ²

1 - Electrical Engineering Department, Islamic Azad University Bushehr Branch, Bushehr, Iran
2 - Electrical Engineering Department, Islamic Azad University Bushehr Branch, Bushehr, Iran

Received: 2021-07-31 Accepted : 2021-11-12 Published : 2021-12-22

Keywords: Coordination of Voltage devices, Photovoltaic Resources, Capacitor Bank, SVR,

Abstract :

The use of renewable energy sources imposes new challenges on the electricity grid. This is mainly due to the variable nature and uncertainty of this type of resources. When the generation of renewables exceeds local demand, it may cause a reverse power flow in the feeder distribution. Reverse power flow may cause voltage rise and improper operation of voltage regulators. In this paper, a method for voltage regulation is proposed by using storage devices, variable generation of distributed generation sources and control devices. A strategy has been proposed for coordination between the various voltage regulating device. In the coordination method, the aim is to improve the system voltage profile while minimizing losses during the operation period. Genetic optimization method has been used to solve the problem and achieve the optimal solution, ie minimum voltage changes and minimum feeder losses. The proposed method is implemented in IEEE 123 bus test network in MATLAB software environment. Analysis of the results showed that the presence of photovoltaic sources reduces energy losses and the losses of the distribution system decrease with increasing photovoltaic size. The results also show that as the penetration level of photovoltaic sources increases, the voltage increases further and more tap changing and SVR changes are required to maintain the voltage. It was also proved that turning on the capacitor bank switch improves the voltage profile and the use of storage devices maximizes system security.

References:

[1]  M.H. Amini, M.P. Moghaddam, O. Karabasoglu ,  "Simultaneous allocation of electric vehicles' parking lots and distributed renewable resources in power distribution network," Sustainable Cities and Society ,vol.28,no.1,pp.332–342,2017, doi:10.1016/j.scs.2016.10.006.

[2]  M. Aryanezhad, M. Joorabian, E. Ostadaghaee, "A novel simplified approach to complexity of power system components including nonlinear controllers based model reduction," Int J Electr Power Energy Syst,vol.73, 2015, doi:10.1016/j.ijepes.2015.05.013.

[3]   X. Li, T. Borsche, G. Andersson, "PV integration in Low-Voltage feeders with Demand Response,"  IEEE Eindhoven PowerTech, 2015, pp. 1-6, doi:10.1109/PTC.2015.7232251.

 [4]  H. Zhao, Q. Wu, S. Hu, H. Xu, C.N. Rasmussen, "Review of energy storage system for wind power integration support," Appl Energy ,vol.137, pp.545-553,2015, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.04.103.

[5]  M. Farrokhifar, "Optimal operation of energy storage devices with RESs to improve efficiency of distribution grids: technical and economical assessment," Int J Electr Power Energy Syst, vol.74, pp.153-161,2016, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2015.07.029.

[6]   M. Chamana and B. H. Chowdhury, "Optimal Voltage Regulation of Distribution Networks With Cascaded Voltage Regulators in the Presence of High PV Penetration," in IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 1427-1436, July 2018, doi: 10.1109/TSTE.2017.2788869.

[7]   Y. Guo, Q. Wu, H. Gao, X. Chen, J. Østergaard and H. Xin, "MPC-Based Coordinated Voltage Regulation for Distribution Networks With Distributed Generation and Energy Storage System," in IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 1731-1739, Oct. 2019, doi: 10.1109/TSTE.2018.2869932.

[8]  C. Jamroen, A. Pannawan and S. Sirisukprasert, "Battery Energy Storage System Control for Voltage Regulation in Microgrid with High Penetration of PV Generation,"  in International Universities Power Engineering Conference (UPEC), 2018, pp. 1-6, doi: 10.1109/UPEC.2018.8541888.

[9]  M. Khadem, M. Esmaeilbeig, " Optimize the Number, Locating, and Sizing of D-STATCOM and DGs Using GA Algorithm," Journal of Communication Engineering, vol. 11, no.41, pp. 29-42, 2021 (in Persian).

[10] M. Khadem, M. Najafi, " Demand Planning and Transmission Network Development in the Capacity Market Using Microgrids," Journal of Communication Engineering, vol. 11, no.41, pp. 43-58, 2021 (in Persian).

[11] S. Naseri, M. Najafi, M. Esmaeilbeig, "Economic Dispatch Problem for Minimizing Cost and Improving Reliability Consifering Uncertainty," Journal of Communication Engineering, vol. 11, no.41, pp. 77-91, 2021 (in Persian).

[12] T. A. Nguyen, R. Rigo-Mariani, M. A. Ortega-Vazquez and D. S. Kirschen, "Voltage Regulation in Distribution Grid Using PV Smart Inverters,"  IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting (PESGM), 2018, pp. 1-5, doi: 10.1109/PESGM.2018.8586453.

[13] T. Cui, Y. Shen, L. Liang, B. Zhang, H. Guo and J. Zuo, "Real-Time Voltage Regulation of Distributed Power Grids with Wind Power Integration," in International Conference on Power System Technology (POWERCON), 2018, pp. 2102-2107, doi: 10.1109/POWERCON.2018.8602299.

[14] J. Liua, Y. Li, C. Rehtanz, Y. Cao, X. Qiao, G. Lina, Y. Songc, C. Sun, "An OLTC-inverter coordinated voltage regulation method for distribution network with high penetration of PV generations," Electrical Power and Energy Systems, vol.113,no.1,2019, doi:10.1016/j.ijepes.2019.06.030.

[15] I. Bendato, A. Bonfiglio, M. Brignone, F. Delfino, F. Pampararo, R. Procopio, "A real-time energy management system for the integration of economical aspects and system operator requirements: definition and validation," Renew Energy ,vol.102, 2017, doi:10.1016/j.renene.2016.10.061.

[16] J. Krata, T.K Saha., R. Yan, "Model-driven real-time control coordination for distribution grids with medium-scale photovoltaic generation," IET Renew Power Gener,vol.11,no.12,2017,doi:10.1049/iet-rpg.2017.0096.

[17] M. Nick, M. Hohmann, R. Cherkaoui and M. Paolone, "Optimal location and sizing of distributed storage systems in active distribution networks," in IEEE Grenoble Conference, 2013, pp. 1-6, doi: 10.1109/PTC.2013.6652514. 

[18] W. Chang, "The state of charge estimating methods for battery: a review," International Scholarly Research Notices, vol. 2013, doi:10.1155/2013/953792.

[19] N. Watrin, B. Blunier and A. Miraoui, "Review of adaptive systems for lithium batteries State-of-Charge and State-of-Health estimation," in IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo (ITEC), 2012, pp. 1-6, doi: 10.1109/ITEC.2012.6243437.

[20] J. Chiasson and B. Vairamohan, "Estimating the state of charge of a battery," in IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 465-470, May 2005, doi: 10.1109/TCST.2004.839571.

[21] K. Soon, C. Moo, Y. Chen, Y. Hsieh, "Enhanced coulomb counting method forestimating state-of-charge and state-of-health of lithium-ion batteries," Appl.Energy, vol.86,no.9,2009, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2008.11.021.

[22] W. H. Kersting, "Radial distribution test feeders," in IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 975-985, Aug. 1991, doi: 10.1109/59.119237.

[23] M. Aryanezhad, "Management and coordination of LTC, SVR, shunt capacitor and energy storage with high PV penetration in power distribution system for voltage regulation and power loss minimization," Electrical Power and Energy Systems,vol.100,pp.178-192, 2018, doi:10.1016/j.ijepes.2018.02.015.