In this study, for the first time, ilmenen-hematon nanostructures were prepared from natural ilmenite mineral by the exfoliation process in the presence of ultrasound wave for rapid degradation of furazolidone contaminant. The aim of the present study was to increase th
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In this study, for the first time, ilmenen-hematon nanostructures were prepared from natural ilmenite mineral by the exfoliation process in the presence of ultrasound wave for rapid degradation of furazolidone contaminant. The aim of the present study was to increase the reduction efficiency of iron (II) in the heterogeneous Fenton process by preparing ilmenn-Hematon nanostructures from its natural mineral. The effect of organic solvents such as dimethylformamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidine, isopropyl, and toluene to produce relevant nanostructures during the exfoliation process in the presence of ultrasound waves and as well as the effect of the obtained nanocatalyst in the heterogeneous Fenton process to degrade the pharmaceutical pollutant furazolidone, were investigated. The obtained results showed that the exfoliation process in the liquid phase by ultrasound wave in the presence of dimethylformamide solvent was successful and the band gap is reduced from 3.57 eV in the natural mineral ilmenite to 2.2 eV in the prepared nanocatalyst from it. The ability to absorb light and the degradation efficiency of furazolidone drug under visible light increased and after 60 minutes reached to a maximum of 95.5%. Optimal values of effective parameters for furazolidone degradation were modeled by experimental design using the response surface method (RSM) and Design-Expert7 software. The physical and chemical characteristics of the prepared nanocatalyst were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), dot mapping, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), and Diffuse reflection spectroscopy (DRS) methods and the reproducibility of the prepared nanocatalyst was investigated during 6 cycles of the process. Also, the characteristics of the catalyst used in the reproducibility cycle were studied using XRD and FTIR techniques.
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