The effects of seed size and sulphur application on yield and yield components of three bread wheat genotypes (Triticum aestivum L.) under saline soil conditions
Subject Areas : GeneticRamin Kazerani 1 , Hossein AjamNorouzi 2 , AbbasAli Norinia 3
1 - گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد گرگان
2 - Aqriculture Department Islamic Azad University.Branch Gorgan
3 - Aqriculture researches center Gorgan
Keywords: Salinity, Wheat, genotype, Seed size, sulphur,
Abstract :
This research was carred out in “Anbar-e-olom Saline Reasearch Station” in 35 km north of Gorgan, Golestan province at the agronomy year of 1384-85.The experiment was arranged in Split-plot Factorial was in a form of Randomized Complete Blocks Design (RCBD) in 4 replications including the main and secondary factors, on soil Clay Loam, pH8.2 and EC9.2 (dSm-1). The main factor included amounts of Sulphur (0, 500 & 1000 kg/he) and the secondary factors included the two seed size (Small and Large) and 3 genotypes of wheat (Zagros, Desconcido-7 and Kohdasht). Results showed that there was significant differences amounts the treatments and regarding (Sulphur, Seed size and Genotypes) such as, Grain yield, number of fertile stems per square meter, number of grains per spike, weight of kernel, Harvest Index (HI) of spike, HI of plant, weight of spike (gr/m2), number of spikelets per spike. By comparing the characteristics mean it was proved that using 1000 kg/ha sulphur was significant difference in grain yield parameter. Although using of sulphur 500 kg per hectare had effected more than amount not using (without sulphur) but it was not significant difference. Using the two different amounts of seed size (Large and Small) were significant difference with each other. And using of Kohdasht genotype was significant difference in grain yield parameters and as the second, Zagros genotype and as third, Desconcido-7 was significant difference with each other. Also as the reciprocal effects, Sulphur 1000 kg/ha, large seed size and Kohdasht genotype had the most amounts of grain yield and effect.
اکبری، م.ب. (1385). سالنامه نظام مهندسی کشاورزی. سازمان نظام مهندسی کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی. صفحات 30 تا 240.
ایران نژاد، ج. (1379). کمبود گوگرددر غلات.مجله زیتون، ویژه نامه شماره 10پاییز وزمستان. صفحات 44 تا 46.
بخشنده، ع. و ع.، پاکیزه. (1384). بررسی اثرات شوری بر مراحل نموی و عملکرد سه رقم جو تیپ بهاره.مجله علمی پژوهشی علوم کشاورزی سال یازدهم،شماره یک. صفحات 162 تا164.
سلطانی، ا. (1377). کاربرد نرم افزار SAS در تجزیه‌های آماری. انتشارات جهاد دانشگاهی مشهد.
شعبانی، خ.، ا. شاهکویی و م. ر. چورلی. (1380). جغرافیای استان گلستان. شرکت چاپ و نشر کتابهای درسی ایران. صفحات 2 تا 39.
عبادی، ع. (1369). گوگرد و مصارف آن در کشاورزی. واحد فوق برنامه بخش فرهنگی دفتر مرکزی جهاد دانشگاهی. صفحات 9 تا 55.
قربانی، م.ح.، ا. سلطانی، ه. یوسفی و م. نیکنام. (1383). تأثیر اندازه بذر شوری بر جوانه زنی، رشد گیاهچه دو رقم گندم زاگرس و تجن. هشتمین کنگره عدم و زراعت و اصلاح نباتات. دانشگاه گیلان.
مارتین وود. (1377). بیولوژی خاک. ترجمه ف. نوربخش، م.ع.، حاجی عباسی. انتشارات غزل چاپ اول. صفحات 60 تا 116.
مهاجرمیلانی، پ. (1379). مروری بر تحقیقات کاربرد گوگرد و مشتقات آن در موسسه تحقیقات آب و خاک. مجله زیتون. شماره 142فروردین و اردیبهشت. صفحات 23 تا29.
Acevedo, E., P., Silva, H., Silva, and B., Solar. (1999) Wheat production in Mediterranean environments. In E. H. Satorre & G. A. Slafer, eds. Wheat. Ecology and physiology of yield determination, p. 295-331. Binghamton, N Y, USA.
Angus, J. F., R. B., Cunningham, M. W., Moncur, and D. H., Mackenzie. (1981) Phasic development in field crops. I. Thermal response in the seedling phase. Field Crop Res. 3: 365-378.
Ayers, R. and D., Wescot. 1976. Water quality for agriculture. Rome, FAO. 97 pp.
Copeland, L. O., M. B., McDonald. (1995) Principles of Seed Science and Technology. Chapman and Hall, New York, P. 409.
Cornish, P. S. and S., Hindmarsh. (1988) Seed size influence the coleoptile length of wheat.AUST. J. Exp. Agric. 28: 521-523.
Dougles, C. L., D. E., Wilkins, and D.B., Churchill. (1994) Tillage,seed size ,and seed density effect on perfomance of soft wheat, winter wheat. Agron. J. 86:707-711.
Grieve, C.M., Francois, L. E.and E.V. Mass. (1994) Salinity effects the timing of phasic development in spring wheat. Crop Sci. 34: 1544-1549.
Guillen, F. R., R. N., Stougaard and K. M., Eskridge. (2006) Compensatory mechanisms associated with the effect of spring wheat seed size on wild oat competition. Crop Sci. 46: 935-945.
Hampton, J.G. (1981) The extent and significance of seed size variation in New Zealand wheats. N. Z. J. EXP. Agric. 9: 179-184.
Krenzar, E. G., T. L., Nipp and R.W. MC New. (1991) Main stem leaf development and tiller formation in wheat cultivares.Agron. J.83:667-670.
Kalakanavar, R. M., S. D., Shashidhara and G., Nulkarni. 1989. Effect of gracing on quality of wheat seeds.S.Res. 17(2): 182-185.
Main, M. A. R. and E. D., Nafziger. (1994) Seed size and water potential, effects on germination and seedling growth of winter wheat. Crop Sci. 34: 169-171.
Mass, E. V. and J. A., Poss. (1989) Salt sensitivity of wheat at various growth stages.Irrig.Sci.10:29-40.
Mass, E. V. and C. W., Grieve (1990) Spike and leaf development in salt – stressed wheat. Crop Sci. 30: 1309-1313.
Paulsen, G. M. (1987) Wheat stand establishment, in Heyne. E. G. (Ed).Wheat and wheat improvement, 2nd edition. American Soc. Exp. Agron. Agronomy No13. pp. 387-389.
Rao, S. K. (1981) Influence of seed size on field germination ,seedling vigor,yield and quality of self pollination crops: A review. Agric. Rev. 2: 95-101.
Ranamunns, D. P., M., Schacnt and A. G., Coudon. (1995) The significance of a two- phase growth response to salinity in wheat and barley. Plant Science. 22: 561-569.
Spilde, L. A. (1989) Influence of seed size and test weight on several agronomic traits of barley and hard red spring wheat. J. Prod. Agric. 2: 169-172.
Stougaard, R. N. and Q., Xue. (2004) Spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seed size and seedling rate effects on yield due to wild oat (Avena fatua L.) interference. montana state university. weed science. vol 52.
Thahir, O.A., Y.A., Nabulsi, A. and A.M., Helalia. (1997) Effect of water and frequency of irrigation on growth and yeild of barely (Hordeum vulgare L.). Agric. Water Manage. 34(1): 17-24.
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اکبری، م.ب. (1385). سالنامه نظام مهندسی کشاورزی. سازمان نظام مهندسی کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی. صفحات 30 تا 240.
ایران نژاد، ج. (1379). کمبود گوگرددر غلات.مجله زیتون، ویژه نامه شماره 10پاییز وزمستان. صفحات 44 تا 46.
بخشنده، ع. و ع.، پاکیزه. (1384). بررسی اثرات شوری بر مراحل نموی و عملکرد سه رقم جو تیپ بهاره.مجله علمی پژوهشی علوم کشاورزی سال یازدهم،شماره یک. صفحات 162 تا164.
سلطانی، ا. (1377). کاربرد نرم افزار SAS در تجزیه‌های آماری. انتشارات جهاد دانشگاهی مشهد.
شعبانی، خ.، ا. شاهکویی و م. ر. چورلی. (1380). جغرافیای استان گلستان. شرکت چاپ و نشر کتابهای درسی ایران. صفحات 2 تا 39.
عبادی، ع. (1369). گوگرد و مصارف آن در کشاورزی. واحد فوق برنامه بخش فرهنگی دفتر مرکزی جهاد دانشگاهی. صفحات 9 تا 55.
قربانی، م.ح.، ا. سلطانی، ه. یوسفی و م. نیکنام. (1383). تأثیر اندازه بذر شوری بر جوانه زنی، رشد گیاهچه دو رقم گندم زاگرس و تجن. هشتمین کنگره عدم و زراعت و اصلاح نباتات. دانشگاه گیلان.
مارتین وود. (1377). بیولوژی خاک. ترجمه ف. نوربخش، م.ع.، حاجی عباسی. انتشارات غزل چاپ اول. صفحات 60 تا 116.
مهاجرمیلانی، پ. (1379). مروری بر تحقیقات کاربرد گوگرد و مشتقات آن در موسسه تحقیقات آب و خاک. مجله زیتون. شماره 142فروردین و اردیبهشت. صفحات 23 تا29.
Acevedo, E., P., Silva, H., Silva, and B., Solar. (1999) Wheat production in Mediterranean environments. In E. H. Satorre & G. A. Slafer, eds. Wheat. Ecology and physiology of yield determination, p. 295-331. Binghamton, N Y, USA.
Angus, J. F., R. B., Cunningham, M. W., Moncur, and D. H., Mackenzie. (1981) Phasic development in field crops. I. Thermal response in the seedling phase. Field Crop Res. 3: 365-378.
Ayers, R. and D., Wescot. 1976. Water quality for agriculture. Rome, FAO. 97 pp.
Copeland, L. O., M. B., McDonald. (1995) Principles of Seed Science and Technology. Chapman and Hall, New York, P. 409.
Cornish, P. S. and S., Hindmarsh. (1988) Seed size influence the coleoptile length of wheat.AUST. J. Exp. Agric. 28: 521-523.
Dougles, C. L., D. E., Wilkins, and D.B., Churchill. (1994) Tillage,seed size ,and seed density effect on perfomance of soft wheat, winter wheat. Agron. J. 86:707-711.
Grieve, C.M., Francois, L. E.and E.V. Mass. (1994) Salinity effects the timing of phasic development in spring wheat. Crop Sci. 34: 1544-1549.
Guillen, F. R., R. N., Stougaard and K. M., Eskridge. (2006) Compensatory mechanisms associated with the effect of spring wheat seed size on wild oat competition. Crop Sci. 46: 935-945.
Hampton, J.G. (1981) The extent and significance of seed size variation in New Zealand wheats. N. Z. J. EXP. Agric. 9: 179-184.
Krenzar, E. G., T. L., Nipp and R.W. MC New. (1991) Main stem leaf development and tiller formation in wheat cultivares.Agron. J.83:667-670.
Kalakanavar, R. M., S. D., Shashidhara and G., Nulkarni. 1989. Effect of gracing on quality of wheat seeds.S.Res. 17(2): 182-185.
Main, M. A. R. and E. D., Nafziger. (1994) Seed size and water potential, effects on germination and seedling growth of winter wheat. Crop Sci. 34: 169-171.
Mass, E. V. and J. A., Poss. (1989) Salt sensitivity of wheat at various growth stages.Irrig.Sci.10:29-40.
Mass, E. V. and C. W., Grieve (1990) Spike and leaf development in salt – stressed wheat. Crop Sci. 30: 1309-1313.
Paulsen, G. M. (1987) Wheat stand establishment, in Heyne. E. G. (Ed).Wheat and wheat improvement, 2nd edition. American Soc. Exp. Agron. Agronomy No13. pp. 387-389.
Rao, S. K. (1981) Influence of seed size on field germination ,seedling vigor,yield and quality of self pollination crops: A review. Agric. Rev. 2: 95-101.
Ranamunns, D. P., M., Schacnt and A. G., Coudon. (1995) The significance of a two- phase growth response to salinity in wheat and barley. Plant Science. 22: 561-569.
Spilde, L. A. (1989) Influence of seed size and test weight on several agronomic traits of barley and hard red spring wheat. J. Prod. Agric. 2: 169-172.
Stougaard, R. N. and Q., Xue. (2004) Spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seed size and seedling rate effects on yield due to wild oat (Avena fatua L.) interference. montana state university. weed science. vol 52.
Thahir, O.A., Y.A., Nabulsi, A. and A.M., Helalia. (1997) Effect of water and frequency of irrigation on growth and yeild of barely (Hordeum vulgare L.). Agric. Water Manage. 34(1): 17-24.