The Effects of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation on lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) under drought stress
Subject Areas : TensionOlia Eshaghi Gorgi 1 , Hormoz Fallah 2 * , Yousof Niknejad 3 , Davood Barari Tari 4
1 - Department of Agriculture, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Islamic Azad University, Amol, Iran
2 - Department of Agriculture, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Islamic Azad University, Amol, Iran
3 - Department of Agriculture, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Islamic Azad University, Amol, Iran - Medicinal Plant Research Center, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Islamic Azad University, Amol, Iran
4 - Department of Agriculture, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Islamic Azad University, Amol, Iran
Keywords: Chlorophyll, Glomus mosseae, Relative water content, Antioxidant enzymes, Transpiration rate, Azospirillum brasilense,
Abstract :
The use of plant symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and Plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) is one of the ways to reduce drought stress that has recently been used in agriculture. For this purpose, the present study was conducted was conducted to evaluate the effects of the application of PGPR and AMF on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) under drought stress. The experiment was carried out as a factorial in a completely randomized design with five replications in the greenhouse of Islamic Azad University, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Amol, Iran, in 2020. Drought stress at two levels (control or 100% field capacity and 50% field capacity) as the first factor and seed inoculation with symbiosis microorganisms at four levels (no inoculation, inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense strain Sp245 (108 CFU/mL), inoculation with Glomus mosseae (100 g per pot) and inoculation with A. brasilense + G. mosseae) were considered as the second factor. The results of the present study showed that drought stress by reducing the relative water content (RWC, 17.8%), declined transpiration rate (E, 62.2%), stomatal conductance (gs, 36.8%), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci, 22.5%), and net photosynthesis (Pn, 48.5%) of the plant compared to control plants. Drought stress also induced oxidative stress by increasing the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (2.1-fold) and methylglyoxal (2-fold), resulting in damage to bio-membranes and photosynthetic apparatus and reduced growth of lemon balm. However, microbial inoculation, especially co-inoculation of PGPR and AMF, by improving the proline content and RWC, restored Ci, E, gs and Pn under drought stress. Microbial treatments by increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the glyoxalase system reduced the level of hydrogen peroxide and methylglyoxal and alleviated drought stress-induced oxidative stress, which increased the growth of lemon balm under drought stress by protecting bio-membranes and photosynthetic pigments. The results showed that the application of G. mosseae and A. brasilense alleviated the negative effects of drought stress on lemon balm.
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