Introducing Tolerant Pistachio Female and Male Genotypes to Salinity Stress

Subject Areas : Plant Breeding

Hamid Alipour ¹ , Hojjat Hasheminasab ² , Seyed Javad Hosseinifard ³

1 - Pistachio Research Center, Horticultural Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Rafsanjan, Iran Iran
2 - Pistachio Research Center, Horticultural Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Rafsanjan, Iran
3 - Pistachio Research Center, Horticultural Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Rafsanjan, Iran

Received: 2018-09-04 Accepted : 2020-08-31 Published : 2020-12-15

Keywords: Salinity, genotype, Pistachio, Tolerance,

Abstract :

Pistachio is one of the most important and strategic crops in Iran which is typically cultivated under relatively saline soils and hot weather conditions. The present paper represents the results of an experiment which mainly focused on evaluating the tolerance of pistachio female and male genotypes to salinity stress. This experiment was carried out at the greenhouse of the Pistachio Research Center at Kerman, Iran, during 2016. The hybrids obtained from crosses between 17 male genotypes with a female genotype “Fandoghi” and also the combinations of 19 female genotypes after crossing with a male genotype “M15” were cultured in a completely randomized design with three replications under salt stress (4.2 dS m-1) without drainage in the greenhouse condition for a period of four months. The results show an increasing of the average soil salinity in pots to 32 dS m-1.The results also indicate that salinity might negatively affect growth parameters of pistachio. Therefore, selecting genotypes in this condition might lead to release tolerant genotypes. During the research, some yielded hybrids indicated the higher values for morphological parameters, the lower and higher concentration of Na+ and K+ under salinity stress, respectively. Meanwhile, it was found that, ‘Khanjari Damghan’ and ‘Mohseni’ among female parents, and M10, M15, and M25 among male parents are possible tolerant genotypes for further assessment in the area and also for releasing new rootstocks. The analysis of two clusters, i.e., cluster 1 (‘Khanjari Damghan’, ‘Mohseni’, ‘Lak Sirizi’, ‘Ebrahimi’, ‘Sifadini’, ‘Badami Zarand’, ‘Sephid Peste Nogh’, and ‘Post Kaghazi’) and cluster 2 (M10, M15, M24, M25, and M26) for female and male genotypes, respectively, exhibits that higher morphological parameters and also higher tolerance to salinity. More importantly, the analysis showed that these two categorized sets of genotypes can be proper choices for future breeding programs or to use directly in salinity conditions.

References:

Aguilera P, Marín C, Oehl F, Godoy R, Borie F, Cornejo P (2017) Selection of aluminum tolerant cereal genotypes strongly influences the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities in an acidic Andosol. Agriculture, Ecosystems Environment. 246, 86-93.

Ahmed JO, Abdulla AR, Mohammed RA (2016) Comparative on yield and its components performance and correlation in some Broad bean (Vicia faba L.) genotypes at Bakrajo, Sulaimani. American-Eurasian Journal of Agriculture and Environtal Science. 16, 635-640.

Akbarimoghaddam H, Galavi M, Ghanbari A, Panjehkeh N (2011) Salinity effects on seed germination and seedling growth of bread wheat cultivars. Trakia Journal of Sciences. 9(1), 43-50.

Alipour H (2018) Photosynthesis properties and ion homeostasis of different pistachio cultivar seedlings in response to salinity stress. International Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology. 5(1), 19-29.

Atak M, Kaya MD, Kaya G, Çikili Y (2006) Effects of NaCl on the germination, seedling growth and water uptake of triticale. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry. 30(1), 39-47.

Ayers RS, Westcot DW (1985) Water quality for agriculture, vol 29. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Rome.

Azarmi F, Mozaffari V, Hamidpour M, Abbaszadeh-Dahaji P (2016) Interactive effect of fluorescent Pseudomonads rhizobacteria and Zn on the growth, chemical composition and water relations of Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) seedlings under NaCl stress. Communications in Soil Science Plant Analysis. 47(8), 955-972.

Bagheri M, Gholami M, Baninasab B (2019) Hydrogen peroxide-induced salt tolerance in relation to antioxidant systems in pistachio seedlings. Scientia Horticulturae. 243, 207-213.

Behboudian M, Walker R, Törökfalvy E (1986) Effects of water stress and salinity on photosynthesis of pistachio. Scientia Horticulturae. 29(3), 251-261.

Bybordi A (2013) Tolerance evaluation of late flowering almond cultivars to salinity. Journal of Crop Production and Processing. 3(9), 217-226.

Ferguson L, Haviland DR (2016) Pistachio Production Manual. University of California Agriculture and Natural Resource Publication. pp. 334.

Flowers T (2004) Improving crop salt tolerance. Journal of Experimental botany. 55(396), 307-319.

Francois LE, Grieve CM, Maas EV, Lesch SM (1994) Time of salt stress affects growth and yield components of irrigated wheat. Agronomy Journal. 86, 100-107.

Frota J, Tucker T (1978) Absorption Rates of Ammonium and Nitrate by Red Kidney Beans under Salt and Water Stress 1. Soil Science Society of America Journal. 42(5), 753-756.

Ganjehie MG, Karimi A, Zeinadini A, Khorassani R (2018) Relationship of Soil Properties with Yield and Morphological Parameters of Pistachio in Geomorphic Surfaces of Bajestan Playa, Northeastern Iran. Journal of Agricultural Science Technology. 20(2), 417-232.

Habibi G, Norouzi F, Hajiboland R (2014) Silicon alleviates salt stress in pistachio plants. Progress in Biological Sciences. 4(2), 189-202.

Hajlaoui H, El Ayeb N, Garrec JP, Denden M (2010) Differential effects of salt stress on osmotic adjustment and solutes allocation on the basis of root and leaf tissue senescence of two silage maize (Zea mays L.) varieties. Industrial Crops and Products. 31(1), 122-130.

Hasheminasab H, Esmaeilpour A, Tajabadipour A, Javanshah A (2018) Introduction of Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) Breeding Programs for Salinity Tolerance in Iran: Capacities, Challenges and Look-Ahead Strategies. National Conference on Haloculture. National Salinity Research Center. Yazd, Iran. 15 pp.

Iqbal M, Ul-Allah S, Naeem M, Ijaz M, Sattar A, Sher A (2017) Response of cotton genotypes to water and heat stress: from field to genes. Euphytica. 213(6), 131.

Johnson C, Ulrich A (1959) Analytical methods for use in plant analysis. Californian Agricultural Experimental Station. California Agricultural Experiment Station.

Karim A, Yuan L, Kari M (2005) Effect of NaCl Stress on Na⁺ and K⁺ Uptakes by Different Organs of Pistachio. Acta Botanica Boreali-occidentalia Sinica 25(9),1805-1810.

Karimi S, Tavallali V, Wirthensohn M (2018) Boron amendment improves water relations and performance of Pistacia vera under salt stress. Scientia Horticulturae. 241, 252-259.

Katerji N, Van Hoorn J, Hamdy A, Mastrorilli M (2000) Salt tolerance classification of crops according to soil salinity and to water stress day index. Agricultural water management. 43(1), 99-109.

Kerketta A, Bahadur V, Rajesh J (2018) Performance of different tomato genotypes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) for growth, yield and quality traits under Allahabad condition. Journal of Pharmacognosy Phytochemistry. 7(6), 1766-1769.

Khoyerdi FF, Shamshiri MH, Estaji A (2016) Changes in some physiological and osmotic parameters of several pistachio genotypes under drought stress. Scientia Horticulturae. 198, 44-51.

Kong X, Luo Z, Dong H, Li W, Chen Y (2017) Non-uniform salinity in the root zone alleviates salt damage by increasing sodium, water and nutrient transport genes expression in cotton. Scientific Reports. 7(1), 2879.

Levitt J (1980) Responses of Plants to Environmental Stress, Volume 1: Chilling, Freezing and High Temperature Stresses. Academic Press, INC, New York, USA, pp 23–64

Livingston DP, Tuong TD, Isleib TG, Murphy JP (2016) Differences between wheat genotypes in damage from freezing temperatures during reproductive growth. European journal of agronomy. 74, 164-172.

Lotfi N, Vahdati K, Kholdebarin B, Hassani D and Amiri R (2009) Mineral composition of some walnut cultivars (Juglans regia L.) for evaluation of ionome and ionomics under salt stress condition. Acta Horticulturae. 839:293-300

Machado R, Serralheiro R (2017) Soil salinity: effect on vegetable crop growth. Management practices to prevent and mitigate soil salinization. Horticulturae. 3(2), 30.

Mehdi-Tounsi H, Chelli-Chaabouni A, Mahjoub-Boujnah D, Boukhris M (2017) Long-term field response of pistachio to irrigation water salinity. Agricultural Water Management. 185, 1-12.

Minhas P (1996) Saline water management for irrigation in India. Agricultural Water Management. 30, 1-24.

Mirfattahi Z, Karimi S, Roozban MR (2017) Salinity induced changes in water relations, oxidative damage and morpho-physiological adaptations of pistachio genotypes in soilless culture. Acta Agriculturae Slovenica. 109(2), 291-302.

Moriana A, Memmi H, Centeno A, Martín-Palomo MJ, Corell M, Torrecillas A, Pérez-López D (2018) Influence of rootstock on pistachio (Pistacia vera L. cv Kerman) water relations. Agricultural Water Management. 202, 263-270.

Motagh M, Walter TR, Sharifi MA, Fielding E, Schenk A, Anderssohn J, Zschau1 j (2008) Land subsidence in Iran caused by widespread water reservoir overexploitation. Geophysical Research Letters. 35(16), 324-333.

Negrin VL, Teixeira B, Godinho RM, Mendes R, Vale C (2017) Phytochelatins and monothiols in salt marsh plants and their relation with metal tolerance. Marine pollution bulletin. 121(1-2), 78-84.

Neocleous D, Savvas D (2016) NaCl accumulation and macronutrient uptake by a melon crop in a closed hydroponic system in relation to water uptake. Agricultural Water Management. 165, 22-32.

Parsa A, Karemian N (1975) Effect of sodium chloride on seedling growth of two major varieties of Iranian pistachio (Pistachia vera L.). Journal of Horticultural Science. 50(1), 41-46.

Parsa A, Wallace A (1980) Differential partitioning of boron and calcium in shoots of seedlings of two pistachio cultivars. Journal of Plant Nutrition. 2(1-2), 263-266.

Pedersen JT, Palmgren M (2017) Why do plants lack sodium pumps and would they benefit from having one? Functional Plant Biology. 44(5), 473-479.

Pessarakli M, Szabolcs I (1999) Soil salinity and sodicity as particular plant/crop stress factors, vol 2. Marcel Decker Inc, New York, USA, 1254 pp.

Pessarakli M, Tucker T (1985) Uptake of Nitrogen-15 by Cotton under Salt Stress 1. Soil Science Society of America Journal. 49(1), 149-152.

Pessarakli M, Tucker TC (1988) Dry matter yield and nitrogen-15 uptake by tomatoes under sodium chloride stress. Soil Science Society of America Journal. 52(3), 698-700.

Picchioni G, Miyamoto S, Storey J (1990) Salt effects on growth and ion uptake of pistachio rootstock seedlings. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science. 115(4), 647-653.

Picchioni GA, Miyamoto S, Storey JB (1991) Boron uptake and effects on growth and carbohydrate partitioning of pistachio seedlings. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science. 116(4), 706-711.

Rahneshan Z, Nasibi F, Lakehal A, Bellini C (2018a) Unravelling salt stress responses in two pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) genotypes. Acta physiologiae plantarum. 40(9), 172.

Rahneshan Z, Nasibi F, Lakehal A, Bellini CJApp (2018b) Unravelling salt stress responses in two pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) genotypes. 40(9), 172.

Rahneshan Z, Nasibi F, Moghadam AA (2018c) Effects of salinity stress on some growth, physiological, biochemical parameters and nutrients in two pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) rootstocks. Journal of Plant Interactions. 13(1), 73-82.

Rebey IB, Bourgou S, Rahali FZ, Msaada K, Ksouri R, Marzouk B (2017) Relation between salt tolerance and biochemical changes in cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) seeds. Journal of Food Drug Analysis. 25(2), 391-402.

Rhoades J, Kandiah A, Mashali A (1992) The use of saline water for crop production-Irrigation and drainage paper 48. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 48, 1-33.

Saqib M, Zörb C, Schubert S (2008) Silicon-mediated improvement in the salt resistance of wheat (Triticum aestivum) results from increased sodium exclusion and resistance to oxidative stress. Functional Plant Biology. 35, 633-639.

Sedaghat R (2011) Constraints in Production and Marketing of Iran’s Pistachio and the Policies Concerned: An Application of the Garret Ranking Technique. International Journal of Nuts and Related Sciences. 2(1), 27-30.

Sepaskhah A, Maftoun M (1988) Relative salt tolerance of pistachio cultivars. Journal of Horticultural Science. 63, 157-162.

Shalhevet J (1994) Using water of marginal quality for crop production: major issues. Agricultural water management. 25(3), 233-269.

Sharifkhah M, Bakhshi D, Pourghayoumi M, Abdi S, Hokmabadi H (2020) Effect of Pollination Time on Yield and Antioxidant Properties of Some Pistachio Cultivars. International Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology. 7(1), 51-8.

Tavallali V (2017) Interactive effects of zinc and boron on growth, photosynthesis and water relations in pistachio. Journal of Plant Nutrition. 40(11), 1588-1603.

Vahdati K, Lotfi N (2013) Abiotic stress tolerance in plants with an emphasis on drought and salinity stresses in walnut. In: Vahdati K, Leslie C (eds.) Abiotic stress—plant responses and applications in agriculture. InTech, Rijeka, pp 307–365.

Yadollahi A, Lotfi N, Vahdati K, Hassani D, Kholdebarin B and Amiri R (2010) Morphological and physiological responses to water stress for seedlings of different walnut genotypes. Acta Horticulturae 861:253-262