Interpretive structural modeling of the effects of urban development on environmental pollution (Case study: Karaj metropolis)

Subject Areas : Environmental Impact Assessment

mohammad mahdi bahrami khandan ¹ , saeid Kamyabi ^{2 *} , mohammad reza zand moghaddam ³

1 - PhD student in Geography and Urban Planning, Semnan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Semnan, Iran.
2 - Full Professor, Department of Geography, Semnan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Semnan, Iran. *(Corresponding author)
3 - Assistant Professor, Department of Geography, Semnan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Semnan, Iran.

Received: 2023-04-04 Accepted : 2024-01-03 Published : 2025-03-21

Keywords: urban development, structural-interpretive modeling, environmental pollution, Sustainable Development.,

Abstract :

Background and Objective: The dual role of cities in creating environmental tensions and their potential to change the direction towards sustainable development has made these centers sensitive and important and facing many challenges. So, today the challenges of the environment and urban infrastructure are facing citizens and city managers and decision makers in the field of civil life as a serious issue. In this regard, this research aims to identify the effects of urban development on the environmental pollution of Karaj metropolis and design the relationships of these factors.

 Material and Methodology: This research is applied in terms of goal setting and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. In order to identify the factors affecting environmental pollution, content analysis method was used. In the interpretive structural modeling section, the opinions of academic experts in the field of urban environment have been used. The data collection tool is a two-by-two questionnaire. The obtained data and information have been analyzed using the new interpretive structural analytical method (ISM) and finally, by using MICMAC analysis, the types of variables have been identified and clustered according to their impact and effectiveness on other variables. became

Findings: The findings of the research showed that the factor of air pollution or air quality with the penetration power of 8 is the most effective and the most important factor affecting the environmental pollution caused by the development of Karaj city. On the other hand, the pollution caused by the construction industry and air inversion have the least impact on the air pollution of Karaj metropolis with the penetration power of 2.

Discussion and conclusion: According to the obtained results, it can be said that air quality and environmental pollution are very important in Karaj city. Therefore, it is necessary to consider environmental considerations as a prominent priority in planning urban development and community building.

References:

1. Heydari, M, T., Rahmani, M., Tahmasebi M H., Moharrami, S. (1401). an analysis of environmental sustainability and quality reproduction of urban space (case study: Zanjan city), Human and Environment, 3(20), 17-36. (In Persian)
2. Guangjin Tian, Zhi Qiao, Xinliang, X. (2014). Characteristics of particulate matter (PM10) and its relationship with meteorological factors during 2001-2012 in Beijing, Environmental Pollution, Vol 192, 266-274.
3. Bikis, A. (2023). Urban Air Pollution and Greenness in Relation to Public Health, Journal of Environmental and Public Health, vol. 2023, Article ID 8516622, 18 pages.
4. Firozi, M A., Mohammadi D, M., Saeedi, J. (2016). Evaluation of environmental sustainability indicators with an emphasis on air pollution and industrial pollutants, case study: Ahvaz metropolis, Urban Ecology Research Quarterly, 8(15), 13-28. (In Persian)
5. IEA, (2008). Issues behind Competitiveness and Carbon Leakage: Focus on heavy industry.
6. Valipour, K., Rezvani, A A., Piri, S. (1400). an analysis of the effects of the physical development of cities on the future of the urban environment (case study: Parand New City), Urban Future Research Quarterly, 1(1), 1-20. (In Persian)
7. Jing, B.-Y., Liu, Z., Kong, X.-B. (2014).On the Estimation of Integrated Volatility With Jumps and Microstructure Noise.Journal of Business and Economic Statistics, 32(3),457-467.
8. Wang, Z., L. Chen, J. Tao, Y. Zhang and Su, L. (2010). Satellite-based stimation of regional particulate matter (PM) in Beijing using vertical-and-RH correcting method, Remote Sensing of Environment, Vol 114, 50–63.
9. Hewitt, C. N., Ashworth, K., and MacKenzie, A. R. (2020). Using green infrastructure to improve urban air quality (GI4AQ), Ambio, 49(1), 62–73.
10. Gracia, N, L., Soppelsa, M. E. (2019). Pollution and City Competitiveness A Descriptive Analysis, Policy Research Working Paper, Public Disclosure Authorized.
11. Haliza, A. R., (2016). Air Pollution in Urban Areas and Health Effects Pencemaran Udara di Kawasan Bandar dan Kesan terhadap Kesihatan, International Journal of the Malay World and Civilisation (Iman) 4(Special Issue 2), 25-33.
12. Seidaei, S-A., Hosseini, S-S., Yazdanbakhsh, B-Hadi. (2016). Environmental sustainability of Isfahan city with environmental environment, Geography and Environmental Planning, 1(29), 113-126. (In Persian)
13. Hajjati Z, N., Samadzadeh, R., Nazm Far, H. (1400). Evaluation of the environmental effects of urban sprawl in the process of city development (case study: Rasht city), Urban Structure and Function Studies, 8(26), 55-30. (In Persian)
14. Liu, Y., Fan, P., Yue, W., & Song, Y. (2018). Impacts of land finance on urban sprawl in China: The case of Chongqing, Land Use Policy Journal, 72, 420-432.
15. Zheng, W., Ke, X., Xiao, B., and Zhou, T. (2019). Optimising land use allocation to balance ecosystem services and economic benefits - a case study in Wuhan, China. J. Environ. Manag. 248, 109306.
16. Sarmadi, M.R., Masoumi Fard, M. (2014). study of the role of education based on information and communication technology in reducing environmental challenges with an emphasis on the urban environment, Environmental Education and Sustainable Development Quarterly, 4(2), 38-50. (In Persian)
17. Masnavi, M., (2010). Sustainable urban ecosystem, paradigm or paradox? The necessity of revising the relationship between the city and the environment, Manzar, 3(16), 59-63. (In Persian)
18. Soja, E. (2016). La ciudad y la justicia espacial (The city and spatial justice). In Bret, B., Gervais-Lambony, P., & Hancock, C. (eds.) Justicia e injusticias espaciales, 99–106.
19. Heydari, A., Rahnama, M. R., Shokohi, M. A., Kharazmi, O. A. (2015). Analysis of spatial changes of urban environment in Mashhad metropolis using natural step future research model, Geography and Environmental Sustainability, 6(1), 1-19. (In Persian)
20. Mosaferi, M., Gholampour, A., Nowroz, P., Roshan, R. (2013). Evaluation of the environmental effects of Hadi Shahr Industrial Town, Civil and Environmental Engineering Journal, 44(2), 93-103. (In Persian)
21. Baker, R. J. (2008). CMOS: Circuit Design, Layout, and Simulation, Wiley & Sons, London.
22. Emaduddin, S., Arian Kia, M., Baddest, B. (2018). Analysis and ranking of the levels of urban areas based on the components and indicators of instability of the urban environment using the integrated saw model and Shannon entropy, a case study: Alborz province cities, Journal of Geographical Analysis of Space, 9(32), 262-249. (In Persian)
23. Shields, R. (1998). London and New York: Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy, London.
24. Yadollhi S, R., Ghafarian B, M., Alizadeh, M., Khatibizadeh, M. R. (2018). Environmental Impact Assessment of Tehran Iran Khodro Factory (EIA), Environmental Science and Technology Quarterly, 21(7), 123-135. (In Persian)
25. Ali Akbari, E., Akbari, M. (2016). Interpretive structural modeling of factors affecting the livability of Tehran metropolis, Space Planning and Planning, 21 (1), 1-31. (In Persian)
26. Jafari M, M., Akbari, M., Ataii, F., Razzaghi Ch, F. (2016). Structural-Interpretive Modeling of Factors Affecting the Development of Food Tourism (Case Example: Rasht City), Human Settlements Planning Studies, 12 (3), 681-698. (In Persian)
27. Atash S, A., Feyzi, K., Kezazi, A., Elfat, L. (2016). Interpretive-structural modeling of supply chain risks in the petrochemical industry, Industrial Management Studies Quarterly, 4, 41, 39-63. (In Persian)
28. Azar, A., Khosravani, P., Jalali, R. (2012). Research in soft operations of structuring approaches, Industrial Management Organization, first edition. (In Persian)
29. Azar, A., Bayat, K. (2017). Designing a business process-oriented model with interpretive structural modeling (ISM) approach, Information Technology Management Journal, 1(1), 3-18. (In Persian)
30. Faisal, M., Banwet, D.K. and Shankar, R. (2006). Supply chain risk mitigation: modelling the enablers, Business Process Management, 12(4): 535-552.
31. Iran Statistics Center (2015). the results of the population and housing census of Karaj city. (In Persian)
32. Khodabin, M., Shia, I., Pourjafar, M. R., Khatibi, S. M R. (1400). investigation of causal components in the integration of the city body (case study: region one of Karaj Municipality), Geographical Studies of Mountainous Regions, 2 (3), 23-38. (In Persian)