Evaluation of Effective Drivers in Strategic Planning of Historical-cultural Tourism Development (A case study of Tabriz metropolis)

Subject Areas :

Ahmad Hamzeh zadeh ¹ (Ph.D. student in Geography and Urban Planning, Islamic Azad University, Marand Branch, Marand, Iran)
Bashir Beg Babaei ² (Assistant Professor, Department of Geography and Urban Planning, Malekan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Malekan, Iran.)
Davood Mokhtari ³ (Professor in Geomorphology, Faculty of Planning and Environmental Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran)

Received: 2022-12-26 Accepted : 2023-02-04 Published : 2023-02-20

Keywords: Tourism, Strategic Planning, Tabriz Metropolis, historical-cultural tourism,

Abstract :

In recent years, tourism has emerged as a smoke-free industry and has become a substantial source of income for many countries in world trade. It is also an important element in improving and regulating the trade balance and balance of payments. Therefore, strategic planning for the development of this industry has become crucial in most countries. The purpose of this study is to identify effective drivers in the strategic planning of tourism development in Tabriz. The research method used in this study is both applied and descriptive-analytical. The statistical population of the study includes approximately 2000 people, which comprises managers, officials, urban experts, and academic elites of Tabriz. The sample size was estimated at 340 based on the modified Cochran model. The research data was analyzed using the partial least squares model in Warp-PLS software. The findings indicate that the most important drivers of tourism development with a focus on historical-cultural tourism are related to legal-political, economic-marketing, and managerial drives, respectively. The coefficients extracted based on the structural model of the research for each driver are 0.71, 0.65, and 0.53. Among the sub-variables, the most influential ones are related to measures such as correcting negative perceptions and eliminating Iranophobia to increase motivation for traveling to Iran, enhancing international tourism cooperation, removing barriers such as bureaucratic regulations and accommodation issues, providing proper information and advertising in target markets, building institutional interaction and trust between public and private bodies, using participation, establishing accommodation facilities that comply with international standards, and providing facilities based on the nationality and culture of tourists through an appropriate needs assessment of their preferences.

References:

 

1. Pourjohari, F. (2014). The Role of Historical Attractions in Isfahan in the Development of Cultural Tourism (Case Study: Foreign Tourists Spring 2014). Master Thesis in Management. Supervisor: Mohammad Ali Z


2.  


3. aki, Sheikh Baha'i University.


4. Popoli Yazdi, M, H., & Saghayi, M. (2014). Tourism Nature and Concepts. Tehran: Samt Publications.


5. Teimori, R., Karami, F., Teimori, Z., & Safdari, A. (2014). Affecting Factors in Urban Historical Sites Tourism Case Study: Tabriz Metropolis Historic Market. Journal of Urban Tourism, 1(1), 63-78.


6. Habibi, S, M. (2010). Description of intellectual currents of architecture and urban planning in contemporary Iran. Tehran: Cultural Research Office Publications.


7. Hamdi, K., Vaziedost, H., & Honari Jafarpour, A. (2009). Investigating the Impact of Historical-Cultural Tourism on the Sustainable Urban Development of Hamedan. Journal of Social Sciences, 3(1), 49-69.


8. Karami, M. (2012). Assessing the desirability of urban tourists' access to service-welfare places in Iranian cities (Case study of Tabriz). Master Thesis in Geography and Tourism Planning. Supervisor: Akbar Asghari Zamani, Zanjan University.


9. Yazdani Zanganeh, M., Khosravipour, B., & Ghanian, M. (2009). Strategies for sustainable employment development in the rural tourism sector. Labor and Community, 109, 101-108.


10. Schultz, K, N. (2005). The concept of habitation towards allegorical architecture. Translated by Ahmad Yarahmadi. Tehran: Agha Publishing.


11. Ghassabi, H. (2019). Investigating the role of free trade zone in increasing tourism activities, emphasizing the Regional Economic Prosperity (Case Study: Aras Free Trade). Phd thesis in Geography and urban planning, Supervisor: Ali Azar, Islamic Azad University - Marand Branch.


12. Novin, A, R. (2017). Analysis of Effects Revitalizationhistorical – cultural context of metropolises on city tourism development (Case Study: historical - cultural context of Tabriz metropolitan). Phd thesis in Geography and urban planning, Supervisor: Karim Hosseinzade Dalir, Islamic Azad University - Marand Branch.


13. Aitchison, C. (2002). Leisure and Tourism Landscape, Routledge Advances in Tourism (Book 9), 208 pages.


14. Blancas, F.J., Lozano-Oyola, M., González, M., Caballero, R., (2018). A dynamic sustainable tourism evaluation using multiple benchmarks. J. Clean. Prod, 174, 1190–1203.


15. Candice, C. (2015). Tourism development and resistance in China. Annals of Tourism Research 52, 39–43.


16. Conaghan, A., Hanrahan, J. & McLoughlin, E. (2015). A model for the transition towards the sustainable management of tourism destinations in Ireland. International Journal for Responsible Tourism, 4(2), 103-122.


17. Edwards, D., Tony, G. and Bruce, H. (2011). Urban tourism research Developing an Agenda, Annals of Tourism Research, 35 (4), 1032–1052.


18. Fazito, M., Scott, M., Russell, P. (2016). The dynamics of tourism discourses and policy in Brazil. Annals of Tourism Research, 57, 1-17.


19. Haigh, M. (2020). Cultural tourism policy in developing regions: The case of Sarawak, Malaysia, Tourism Management, 81, 1-13.


20. Howie, F. (2003). Managing tourist destination. Thomson Learning EMEA.


21. Kim, S., Bramwell, B. (2019). Boundaries and boundary crossing in tourism: A study of policy work for tourism and urban regeneration. Tourism Management, 75, 78-89.


22. Larsen, S. (2007). Aspects of a psychology of the tourist experience.Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 7(1), 7–18.


23. Manuel, R. Patricia, P. João, S. (2017). Residents’ attitudes and the adoption of pro-tourism behaviours: The case of developing island countries, Tourism Management, 61, 523–537.


24. Pearce, D.G. (2001). An integrative framework for urban tourism research, Annals of Tourism Research, 28(4), 926-946.


25. Pearce, P. L., & Zare, S. (2017). The orchestra model as the basis for teaching tourism experience design.Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 30, 55–64.


26. Scott, N., & Le, D. (2017). Tourism experience: A review. In N. Scott, J. Gao, & J. Ma (Eds.).Visitor Experience Design. Wallingford, Oxon: CABI.Selstad, L. (2007). The social anthropology of the tourist experience. Exploring the“middle role”.Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 7(1), 19–33.


27. Stefania, M.C., and Florin, M., and Daniela, A.R. (2009). Urban Tourism economice. Uoradea .ro/ anale/volume/2009/v2- economy.../27.pdf, 2009.


28. Tussyadiah, I. P. (2014). Toward a theoretical foundation for experience design in tourism.Journal of Travel Research, 53(5), 543–564.


29. UNWTO (2019). International Tourism Highlights, International tourism continues to outpace the global economy.


30. Wang, J, Huang, X, Gong, Z, Cao, K. (2020). Dynamic assessment of tourism carrying capacity and its impacts on tourism economic growth in urban tourism destinations in China, Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 15, 1-15.


31. Weingart, J., Schrier, J., Cogger, W.H. (2008). "Historic, Cultural, Scenic, Recreation, and Tourism", Prepared by State of New Jersey Highlands Water Protection and Planning Council in Support of the Highlands Regional Master Plan, 83.


32. Yan, G., & Santos, C. A. (2009). China, forever: Tourism discourse and self-orientalism. Annals of Tourism Research, 36(2), 295-315.


33. Yang, L., & Wall, G. (2009). Ethnic tourism: A framework and an application. Tourism Management, 30(4), 559–570.