فصلنامه زبان و ادب فارسی: 5 (13)

Open Access Article

1 - A Study on External Music in Sanai Ghaznavi’s Lyrics
Khalil Hadidi Fatemeh Shekhlovand

20.1001.1.2008899.1391.4.13.1.1

Literature has boundless capacity with literary context in the form of poem, prose or both of them. The different between poem and prose is that poem has special music feeling and imagination that is more powerful than prose, but it doesn’t necessarily mean that p More

Literature has boundless capacity with literary context in the form of poem, prose or both of them. The different between poem and prose is that poem has special music feeling and imagination that is more powerful than prose, but it doesn’t necessarily mean that prose is unfilled with music. There are different styles of music in poetry which one of them is external music related to poem rhythm. One of the famous and powerful poets in Persian literature is Sanaee Ghaznavi who used this music skillfully. There are a few rhythm deficiencies in his lyrics indicating that form has an importance value in Persian poetry as well as the meaning and content. This paper aims at analyzing the external music in Sanaee Ghaznavi’s poetry. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - A Survey on Concept Making in Kalim Kashani Lyrics
Ali Dehghan Habibeh Zahedi Kia

20.1001.1.2008899.1391.4.13.2.2

Concept creating is making or discovering the relationship or finding a new integration between a subject and an object which have no apparent relationship. Concept creating is more common in one of the Persian poetry styles called Indian style that Kalim Kashani, a fam More

Concept creating is making or discovering the relationship or finding a new integration between a subject and an object which have no apparent relationship. Concept creating is more common in one of the Persian poetry styles called Indian style that Kalim Kashani, a famous poet of 11th century, is an adherent of this style, and his book (complete poetical works) containing 590 lyrics is one of the significant works of the era. One of the prominent characteristics of his lyrics is concept creating. Methods and tricks of concept creating include: equation style, exaggeration, wide simile and motifs, which have been used in perfection by Kalim. In order to examine the methods and tricks of concept creating, Kalim’s book has been studied and facts containing concepts have been extracted, evaluated and described in some sections of equation styles including: exaggeration, wide simile and motifs.  Examining concept creating in Kalim’s poems, it became clear that this poet has used equation style to create concept more than all the other methods by applying wide simile, motifs and exaggeration. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - A Survey on Ideological views of a Novelist: Naturalistic Analysis of Mahmoud Dowlatabadi’s Stories
Kiumars Rahmani

20.1001.1.2008899.1391.4.13.3.3

Naturalism was a literary movement taking place from the 1880s to 1940s that used detailed realism to suggest that social conditions, heredity, and environment had inescapable force in shaping human character. Naturalism is the outgrowth of literary reali More

Naturalism was a literary movement taking place from the 1880s to 1940s that used detailed realism to suggest that social conditions, heredity, and environment had inescapable force in shaping human character. Naturalism is the outgrowth of literary realism, a prominent literary movement in mid-19th-century France and elsewhere. Naturalistic writers were influenced by Darwin’s theory of evolution, philosophical-literal ideas of Taine and experiments of a physiologist named Claude Bernard. Also, philosophical opinions of Kant and Taine which were based on interpretations of social life and relationships influenced the principles of naturalism importantly. Thus, Naturalists believe that people’s behavior has the tendency to be objectified and treated like a machine and it would be impossible to judge it morally because of heredity, environment and moment is inevitable. Hence, we can have knowledge of the mechanisms of natural phenomena in man to define rational and emotional parts of his being which are under the influence of heredity, environment, and the moment. This paper aimed at identifying and describing the naturalistic aspects of Mahmoud Dowlatabadi stories. Naturalistic analysis of his stories can help us to have better in depth insight of his ideology. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Ma’aser - e - Rahimi; A book on Indian history and greates men
Ali Reza Sha'banlu

20.1001.1.2008899.1391.4.13.4.4

Although influence of Persian language in India had begun in the late first Hejri century by Persian Muslim invasion to India, establishing the Persian ruling dynasty and Safavid Period reach to its climax. In this period, many Iranian artists, poets and writers went to More

Although influence of Persian language in India had begun in the late first Hejri century by Persian Muslim invasion to India, establishing the Persian ruling dynasty and Safavid Period reach to its climax. In this period, many Iranian artists, poets and writers went to India and settled there and also a lot of Indians taught the Persian language and created lots of works. Abdulbaqi nahavandi one of those who went to India at the age of forty- has written a book" Ma'aser Rahimi" on the history and the greatest of India. This book includes Abdolrahim khan khanan's works and news, his individual personality, descent, servants, comrades and poets and also some issue about previous kings of India and especially about Noraldin Mohammad Jahangir Ghazi and his dynasty . This paper is an attempt to introduce this valuable work and it's writer. Manuscript profile

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