The interaction of interval training and whey protein on the ratio of testosterone to cortisol

Subject Areas : Biochemistry and Sport Nutrition

Zia Abdullah Karim Al-Shammari ¹ (Master of Sports Physiology, Ministry of Education and Development, Baghdad, Iraq.)
Abdul Ali Banaeifar ² (Associate Professor, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Department of Exercise Physiology, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.)
Ardeshir Zafari ³ (Assistant Professor of Exercise Physiology, Department of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities and Art, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran. )
Sajad Arshadi ⁴ (Assistant Professor of Exercise Physiology , South Tehran Branch , Islamic Azad university, Tehran, Iran.)

Received: 2024-02-14 Accepted : 2024-03-16 Published : 2024-05-06

Keywords: Interval training, Whey protein, Metabolism, Testosterone, Cortisol,

Abstract :

The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effect of 8 weeks of interval training combined with whey protein consumption on the serum levels of testosterone, cortisol and the ratio of testosterone to cortisol in young non-athletes. In this semi-experimental study, 48 young non-athletes between the ages of 18 and 24 were randomly divided into four groups of 12: control group (no intervention); supplement (whey protein); Interval training and combined group (interval training + whey protein) were included. After measuring the anthropometric indicators, the subjects in all 4 groups were present in the laboratory environment after 10 to 12 hours of overnight starvation (fasting) and after 15 minutes of rest, 5 cc of blood from the brachial vein between 7 o'clock and it was taken from them at 8 am. Blood sampling was taken to measure testosterone and cortisol and calculate the ratio of testosterone to cortisol (pre-test). Then the aforementioned interventions were performed on the studied groups for a period of 8 weeks. Finally, 48 hours after the last training session, blood sampling was done again (fasting) to measure dependent variables (post-test). Also, anthropometric indices were measured after the intervention in all groups. Data analysis by ANCOVA revealed that compared to the control group, interval training combined with whey protein consumption increased testosterone and the ratio of testosterone to cortisol and decreased cortisol in the combined group compared to the control group. Also, the implementation of aerobic exercises combined with the consumption of Selenium Plus improved the mentioned variables compared to the application of each of them alone. In a summary, based on the available findings, it is concluded that the implementation of interval training combined with the consumption of whey protein is associated with more anabolic effects than the application of each of them alone in non-athletic men. However, further understanding of the mechanisms responsible for the anabolic effect of interval training and whey protein requires further studies in this field.

References:

[1]. Ahmady, K. Golzar, F. Saykholeslamy, D. The Effect of Resistance Training and Whey Protein Supplement on Antioxidant Status in Overweight Young Men. Sports biology. 2012; 4(11): 103-121.
[2]. Arazi, H. Hakimi, M. Hoseini, K. (2011). The Effects of Whey Protein Supplementation on Performance and Hormonal Adaptations Following Resistance Training in Novice Men. Baltic Journal of Health & Physical Activity. 3(2): 87.
[3]. Asjodi, F. Mohebi, H. Mirzajani, E. Izadi, A. The Effects of Adding Whey Protein and Branched-chain Amino Acid to Carbohydrate Beverages on Indices of Muscle Damage after Eccentric Resistance Exercise in Untrained Young Males. J Arak Uni Med Sci 2017; 20 (4):29-39.
[4]. Baho, A. Tadibi, V. Behpour, N. Acute Effect of High Intensity Interval Training (Hiit) on Testosterone Levels, Cortisol and Testosterone on Cortisol Ratio in Obese and Overweight Children Untrained and Trained. Iranian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism 2016; 17 (6):457-468.
[5]. Bohamoud Pour, H. Ghaedi, H. The effect of HIIT exercise and thyme consumption on testosterone, cortisol and the ratio of testosterone to cortisol in obese men. Res Sport Sci Med Plants. 2022; 2 (7):28-37.
[6]. Dezhan, M. Shakeri, N. Abed Natanzy, H. Impact of the Tai Chi Training Participation History on Testosterone to Cortisol Ratio in Female Athletes. Intern Med Today 2017; 23 (3) :181-187.
[7]. Eizadi, M. Ghasemi Shob, M. Rashidi, M. (2018). Effects of whey protein supplementation after high intensity eccentric contraction on liver enzymes in non-athletic young men. Koomesh. 2018; 20 (1):15-24.
[8]. Gorzi, A. Rajabi, H. Azad, A. molanouri shamsi M, Hedayati M. (2012). Effect of Concurrent, Strength and Endurance Training on Hormones, Lipids and Inflammatory Characteristics of Untrained Men. Iranian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism. 13 (6):614-620.
[9]. Dashti, H. Galedari, M. Siahkuhian, M. Acute Testosterone and Cortisol Hormonal Responses to Volume and Strength Resistance Traiining in Untrained Young Males. SPORT AND BIOMOTOR SCIENCES. 2014; 6(12): 55-64.
[10]. Hakimi, M. Siahkouhian, M. Baghaiee, B. Ali-Mohammadi M. Ahmadi-Dehrashid, K. The effect of eight weeks' endurance training with Whey protein supplementation on serum Leptin, Testosterone to Cortisol ratio, Lipid profile and body composition in obese male students. Cmja 2015; 5 (3):1234-1247.
[11]. Moradi, F. Abdi, J. (2013). Relationships between changes of serum adiponectin levels with testosterone, cortisol, and testosterone to cortisol ratio following exercise training. Journal of exercise physiology. 5(19):127-42.
[12]. Nasiri Rine H. Khanpoor, F. Investigate The Relationship Between Cortisol and Testosterone Hormones and Anthropometric Parameters and Liver Enzymes and Blood Glucose in Men. Studies in Medical Sciences 2012; 23 (5) :549-555
[13]. Nelson, A. R. Jackson, L. Clarke, J. Stellingwerff, T. Broadbent, S. Rowlands, D.S. (2013). Effect of post-exercise protein–leucine feeding on neutrophil function, immunomodulatory plasma metabolites and cortisol during a 6-day block of intense cycling. European journal of applied physiology. 113(9):2211-22.
[14]. Pourabbas, M. Bagheri, R. Hooshmand Moghadam, B. Willoughby, D.S. Candow, D.G. Elliott, B.T. Forbes, S.C. Ashtary-Larky, D. Eskandari, M. Wong, A. Dutheil, F. (2021). Strategic Ingestion of High-Protein Dairy Milk during a Resistance Training Program Increases Lean Mass, Strength, and Power in Trained Young Males. Nutrients. 15; 13(3):948.
[15]. Rohani. H. Asjodi, F. Safarimosavi, S. Bahmanzadeh, M. The Role of Resistance Training and Whey Protein Intake on Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness Indices after Eccentric Resistance Exercise in Untrained Men. Iranian J Nutr Sci Food Technol 2017; 12 (1) :11-20
[16]. Tavangar, D. Sadegi, A. Pourrazi, H. (2020-2021). Effect of short-term beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation on serum cortisol and testosterone levels in male wrestlers following an exhaustive exercise. Med J Tabriz Uni Med Sciences Health Services. 2020-2021; 42(5):572-580. [Persian].
[17]. Kazemzadeh, Y. Zafari, A. Bananaeifar, A. HeydariMoghadam, R. Abasrashid, N. Shafabakhsh, R. Comparison of whey protein and carbohydrate consumption on hormonal response after resistance exercise. European Journal of Experimental Biology,2013, 3(1): 10 – 15.
[18]. Zahabi, G. (2015). Effect of Whey Protein & Creatine Supplementation on the Fitness Indicators, Velocity and Muscle Hypertrophy of Untrained Men over a Period of Resistance Training. Iranian J Nutr Sci Food Technol. 10 (2): 19-28.