Variation on biological activities and total phenol and flavonoids contents in different extracts from Salvia rhytidea Bent. collected from natural habitats of Kerman and Sistan and Baluchestan provinces

Subject Areas :

Omid Azizian-Shermeh ¹ (PhD Student of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Science, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran)
Alireza Hassanabadi ² (Associate Professor, Department of Chemistry, Zahedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zahedan,)

Received: 2022-09-26 Accepted : 2022-11-16 Published : 2022-10-23

Keywords: Kerman province, antioxidant activity, Antimicrobial Activity, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Phytochemical compounds,

Abstract :

Introduction: The variety of quantity and quality of active ingredients as well as the antioxidant function of medicinal plants under different ecological conditions has made plants as a valuable and natural source of new antioxidants in the focus of researchers. Salvia rhytidea Bent is one of the native medicinal plants of Sistan and Baluchestan and Kerman provinces. The genus Salvia belongs to the genus Lamiaceae, with more than 311 species worldwide, especially in tropical and temperate regions. The present study is carried out to evaluate the phytochemical compounds such as total phenolic and total flavonoid contents, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of three extracts (Methanolic, Ethanolic and Aqueous) of Salvia rhytidea Bent from natural habitats of Kerman and Sistan and Baluchestan province.Experimental:  Phenolic and Flavonoid contents were determined by Folin-Ciocaltiu, Aluminum Chloride colorimetric and antioxidant activities were studied by two methods (DPPH and FRAP) and antimicrobial activities were estimated by Disk-Diffusion Agar and MIC methods against 3 bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli and 2 fungis Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans.Results and Disscussion: The results showed that, the methanolic extract of S. rhytidea from Sistan and Baluchestan province had high amount of secondary compounds (phenolic and flavonoids: 35.12 ± 2.11 mg GAE/g extract, 29.13 ± 1.12 mg QUE/g extract) and activities (antioxidant activities: IC50= 27.28 ± 2.12 µg/ml, 49.17 ± 2.21 mM Fe2+/mg Sample, and antimicrobial activities against Staphylococcus aureus with the diameter of inhibition zone 25 ± 1.41). Aqueous extract of S. rhytidea from Kerman province had minimum amount of secondary compounds (phenolic and flavonoids: 10.72 ±1.21 mgGAE/g extract, 6.14 ± 0.24 mgQUE/g extract) and activities (antioxidant activities: IC50= 173.12 ± 4.16 µg/ml, 7.66 ± 0.23 mM Fe2+/mg Sample, and antimicrobial activities against Escherichia coli with the diameter of inhibition zone 9 ± 0.19 mm).  The extraction method of the extract and the appropriate solvent play an important role in the extraction of secondary compounds. Methanol solvent has played an important role in the extraction of phenolic and flavonoid secondary compounds, and these compounds have led to antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, so that methanolic extracts have the highest amount of total phenols and flavonoids and the most antioxidant effect. Among the studied extracts, methanolic extract showed the greatest effect in all evaluations. Also, the antioxidant power of methanolic extract of this plant was so high that it was almost close to the antioxidant power of synthetic antioxidants ascorbic acid (10.75 ± 0.98 µg/ml, 65.75 ± 3.35 mM Fe 2+/mg Sample) and BHT (15.26 ± 1.2 µg/ml, 57.96 ± 1.53 mM Fe 2+/mg Sample) in both methods. Ethanolic extract was in the second place for both plant samples and between methanolic and aqueous extracts.Extension:  Overall, based on the results, the Salvia rhytidea can be a suitable candidate for the treatment of diseases caused by oxidative stress, and diseases caused by pathogenic microbes. Also, due to its high potential in eliminating pathogens, this plant can be a suitable alternative to antibiotics.

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