Evaluation of the physicochemical properties of total essential oil from Rosa damascena Miller in various regions of Iran

Subject Areas : Phytochemistry

کامکار جایمند ^{1 *} , Razieh Azimi Atergeleh ² , mohammadbagher rezaee ³ , Zahra Behrad ⁴ , Fatemeh Sefidkon ⁵ , Somayeh Fekri Qomi ⁶ , Mahshid Rahimifard ⁷ , Mahdi yahyazadeh ⁸ , Najmeh Hadi ⁹ , Shahrokh Karimi ¹⁰

1 - عضو هیئت علمی موسسه مراتع و جنگلها
2 - Faculty member of research institute of forests and rangelands
3 - Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
4 - Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
5 - Professor, Research Department of Medicinal Plants and By-Products, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Tehran, Iran
6 - Department of Medicinal Plants and Byproducts Research, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran,
7 - Assistant Professor, Research Department of Medicinal Plants and By-Products, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Tehran, Iran.
8 - Assistant Professor, Research Department of Medicinal Plants and By-Products, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Tehran, Iran.
9 - Department Of Medicinal Plants and Byproducts Research, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
10 - Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran

Received: 2023-11-21 Accepted : 2023-12-14 Published : 2024-12-06

Keywords: Total Essential Oil, Geraniol, Citronellol, Rosa damascena Miller, Physicochemical Properties,

Abstract :

Rosa damascena Miller essential oil (EO) is a valuable and widely utilized product in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries due to its pleasant aroma and unique biological properties. The quantity and quality of EO can be influenced by various factors, including genetic, environmental conditions, the timing of flower collection, harvesting and storage methods, and the extraction process. The absence of standardized indicators for rose EO has led to confusion in consumer industries when it comes to identifying the quality of EOs produced by different companies. To address this issue, the present study was conducted to determine the range of changes in the physicochemical properties of Iranian rose EO according to ISO standard methods. For this study, the EO obtained from the distillation of fresh rose flowers (referred to as the first oil) was blended with the redistilled rose water (known as the second oil). This mixture was then subjected to physical and chemical analysis to determine the characteristics of the total EO of rose. The findings indicated that the total EO appears as a liquid or semi-solid, is transparent, and has a color ranging from light yellow to green. It possesses a fresh rose scent and a natural taste, free from any unpleasant odors or flavors typically associated with decay, sourness, or mold. The minimum and maximum values determined for the physical and chemical properties of Rosa damascena EO are: relative density at 25 ºC: 0.820-0.872, refractive index at 25 ºC: 1.4520-1.4650, optical rotation at 25 ºC: (-7.0°) - (-1.5°), freezing point: 16-24 ºC, acid value: maximum 3.4, ester value: maximum 23.0, and average flash point: 85 ºC. The main compounds in the EO of Rosa damascena are citronellol (25-45%), geraniol (6-25%), nerol (1-12%), n-nonadecane (7-30%), n-henicosane (2-8%), nonadecene (1-5%), n-tricosane (0.1-5%), n-eicosane (0.1-3%).

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