The effect of organic and chemical fertilizers on quantitative and qualitative characters of essential oil in Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.)
Subject Areas : Medicinal Plants
1 - Associate Professor, Department of Agronomy and Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
Keywords: Chemical fertilizer, essential oil content, organic fertilizer, Thyme,
Abstract :
Organic manuares have important effectiveness on quantity and quality of medicinal plants and this plants have important role in food industries, then this research was done to evaluate the effects of organic and chemical fertilizers on essential oil content and composition of Thyme. This research was conducted in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications in Research Farm of Islamic Azad University Branch of Shahrekord at 2020 and 2021. Treatments were: control (no fertilizer), cow manure, sheep manure, hen manure, horse manure, vermi-compost and complete chemical fertilizers. Each of animal manuares and vermi-compost in 20 t.ha-1 in planting time and complete chemical fertilizer in 1.5 g.l-1 concentration after V10 stage in two step by 3 weeks interval, were used. Shoot of plant samples beginning of flowering stage in end of vegetative stage (252-270 leaf) prepared from treatments separately in the end of august. For measurement of the content and yield of the volatile oil, 1000g of the fresh shoots harvested and mixed with water and placed in a flask connected to the condenser of a Clevenger apparatus and the GC analysis was done to detect the essential oil composition. The most weight of dry matter (352±17.1 g.m-2 in first year and 359.04±18.9 g.m-2 in second year) and essential oil content (0.91±0.1% in first year and 1.1±0.01% in second year) were observed in chemical fertilizer was the same group with vermi-compost and hen manure. Four components of P-cymene, Gamma terpinen, Carvacrol and Thymyl acetate are classified as cyclic monoterpene made more than 70% of essential oil content in different treatments. 29 components in essential oil of treatments were detected. The greatest amount of major components were Carvacrol (35.2-36.8%) in chemical fertilizer and vermicompost, P-cymene (8.3-7.8%) in chemical fertilizer; Gamma terpinene (18.6-18.7%) in vermi-compost and Thymyl acetate (4.6-4.8%) in hen manure.
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