Fatty acid profiles of some plant species of the Apiaceae family with an approach to chemotaxonomic relationships

Subject Areas : Phytochemistry

zeinab Gholizadeh ¹ , Mehdi Ghasemi Nafchi ² , حمزه علی شیرمردی ³

1 - Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University
2 - Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University
3 - دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری

Received: 2024-04-27 Accepted : 2024-09-16 Published : 2024-09-16

Keywords: Altitude, Apiaceae, oil, Petroselinic acid, saturated fatty acid, unsaturated fatty acid,

Abstract :

Plants are one of the important sources of fatty acids. Types of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids are widely used in food industry, health, plant ecophysiology and chemotaxonomy. This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the oil content, fatty acid profile and chemotaxonomic relationships of some plant species of the Apiaceae family in Iran. Oil extraction was done by soxhlet method and compounds were separated by gas chromatography (GC) after derivatization in the form of methyl ester. Species cluster analysis was done with distance algorithm between two data and Euclidean similarity matrix using PAST 3.17 software. Based on the results, the average oil yield of plant species was estimated between 5.1% and 26.18% and there was a high positive correlation between the altitude of the habitats and the oil yield. Petroselinic acid (C18:1(n-6)) and alpha-linolenic acid (C18:3(n-3)) were the main compositions of fatty acids of all species. Oleic acid and gamma-linolenic acid were detected only in Ferula and Pimpinella species, respectively. The percentage of total omega-3 fatty acids varied from 10.42 to 17.99 among species. Smyrnium cordifolium, Ferulago angulata, Tetrataenium lasiopetalum and Conium maculatum were rich in petroselinic acid (60-78%). Chemical dendrogram based on 18 fatty acids with high similarity coefficient distinguished Ferula species in one group and Conium in a separate group similar to botanical classification. The results show that the fatty acid composition of the seeds of some genera of the Apiaceae family, together with the morphological and molecular characteristics, can be used as a tool to solve the taxonomic complexities between the tribes and genera of the Apiaceae family. to be used in the flora of Iran.

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