Anticancer Properties of Phenolic Compounds in Native or Cultivated Plants and Fruits in Iran: a review on recent investigations
Subject Areas : PhytochemistrySaeed Mollaei 1 , Poopak Farnia 2 , Jalaledin Ghanavi 3 , Ali Akbar Velayati 4
1 - Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University
2 - Mycobacteriology Research Centre (MRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
3 - Mycobacteriology Research Centre (MRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
4 - Mycobacteriology Research Centre (MRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Keywords: Apoptosis, Cancer, Flavonoid, Mechanism, Phenol,
Abstract :
Cancer is abnormal cell proliferation and uncontrolled cell growth. Carcinogenic factors cause DNA damage, decrease the function of tumor suppressor gene and cause tumor and metastasis. Some of the causes of cancer are physical factors such as ultraviolet rays, chemicals, cigarette smoke, unbalanced diet, occupational factors, heredity, hormones, metabolic factors, and biological factors, especially some bacteria and viruses. The most important method of cancer treatment is chemotherapy, which has many side effects and causes drug resistance. Some plants have been known for years as a reliable and excellent source of anticancer agents for production of anticancer drugs. Some plants have preventive and therapeutic effects against cancer, and some of them can reduce side effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and are also economical. One of the most important natural compounds in plants having anticancer properties are phenolic compounds. Phenolic compounds are classified into different groups such as simple phenole, flavonoids, coumarins, phenolic acids, stilbenes and antraquinones. The mechanism of anticancer effect of most of these substances is related to their antioxidant property and inhibiting the growth of tumor cells. Many of these compounds are traditionally used in different regions of the world. In this review article, phenolic compounds with anticancer properties will be investigated and the most important mechanisms of their effects will be introduced. We hope that this article will provide readers with useful information to understand the potential of plants in producing new anticancer compounds and encourage researchers to undertake projects leading to development of new natural anticancer drugs.
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