The Role of Business Cycles in Determining Fiscal Policy Multiplier (with Emphasis on Direct and Indirect Taxes): A Case Study of the Iranian Economy
Subject Areas : Financial Economics
Yousef Moradi
1
,
Kiumars Shahbazi
2
*
,
Soleiman Feizi Ganje
3
1 - Department of Management and Economics, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
2 - Associate Professor of Economics, Faculty of Economics and management
3 - Department of Management and Economics, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
Keywords: Economic Growth, Key words: Fiscal Multiplier, Direct Tax, Government Spending. JEL Classification: H50, H21, P44,
Abstract :
Abstract The Purpose of This Study Is to Investigate the Impact of Fiscal Policy On Economic Growth and to Estimate the Fiscal Multiplier During Business Cycles. For This Purpose, Quarterly Data of Iran's Economy Has Been Used During the Period 1993 To 2018. Three Methods Are Used to Estimate the Fiscal Multiplier. 1) Vector Auto-Regression Models Based On Blanchard and Perotti Method 2002, 2- Regression Based Method Introduced by Hall 2009 And 3- Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium Models. In The Present Study, Is Used the Second Method and Markov Switching Model, Which Is Based On Regression Specification, To Calculate the Fiscal Multiplier During Business Cycles. Therefore, By Specifying Five Different Models, Such That In Model Number 1, Direct Taxes, In Model Number 2, Indirect Taxes, In Model Number 3, Government Expenditures, In Model Number 4, Government Expenditures and Direct Taxes and In Model 5 Government Expenditures and Indirect Taxes Are Considered As Fiscal Policy Tools. The Results Showed That Direct Taxes Perform Better in Effect of Economic Growth Than Indirect Taxes. Also, Among The Three Instruments of Government Spending and Direct and Indirect Taxes, The Largest Multiplier in The Recession and Boom Period Is Related to Government Spending and Direct Taxes, Respectively. On The Other Hand, The Government's Fiscal Policy Package, Which Contains Indirect Taxes and Expenditures, Works Better in Influencing Economic Growth Than the Package, Which Contains Direct Taxes and Expenditures.
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