Study of equivoque and some of its types in the manuscript version of Kalim Kashani’s “Padshah-nameh”

Subject Areas : Persian language and literature texts

M.R  Sharifi ¹ (عضو هیأت علمی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد نراق، ایران.)

Received: 2016-08-31 Accepted : 2016-08-31 Published : 2015-02-20

Keywords: ایهام, سبک هندی, انواع ایهام, کلیم کاشانی, پادشاهنامه, equivoque, equivoque types, Kalim Kashani, Indian, style, Padshah-nameh,

Abstract :

Equivoque is one of the techniques, tricks and possibilities of language. This picturesque technique is considered as one of the semantic abnormality types that occurs because of proximity and companion based on the combination and associates the speech with ambiguity, an element of literary language. Equivoque is a wonderful work with the language since when the audience can infer some meanings which are sometimes contradictory through a word or phrase, their joy and interest in text will be increased. Although equivoque often appears in the Iraqi style of poetry and reaches a peak in Khaghani, Hafiz, Saadi’s poems and in spite of the fact that some believe that poets of the Indian style did not use imagery and rhetorical techniques, it is worth mentioning that regarding observance fitness and semantic relations of words and parts of verses was one of the initiative trends in the Safavid era. Some poets such as Kalim, Saeb and Biedl aptly paid full attention to imagery and rhetorical techniques, especially equivoque. This article attempts to recognize the equivoque and some of its types regarding imagery and rhetorical techniques associated with the manuscript version of Kalim Kashani’s “Padshah-nameh” (960 - 1061 AH.).