Educational Function of the Myth of Fereydon and Zahak Based on Glasser’s choice Theory

Subject Areas : Persian language and literature texts

Anahita  Amini ¹ (PhD Student, Department of Persian Language and Literature, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran.)
Ghadam ali  Sarrami ² (Associate Professor of Persian Language and Literature, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran.)

Received: 2020-02-24 Accepted : 2020-06-07 Published : 2022-03-21

Keywords: Need, Power, Fereydoun, choice theory, Zahhak,

Abstract :

This analytical-descriptive study aimed to determine the behavioral pattern of two prominent characters in the story of Fereydoun and Zahhak after clarifying the relationship between basic human needs and the process of developing myths while relying on the educational function of myths and Glasser’s choice theory. The scale for the real world and the favorable world is in the context of ancient Iranian thought and epic characteristics, which can be recited by a narrator. Zahhak is the pattern of characters who have ineffective and irresponsible behavior to balance the images of the favorable world and what they perceive. Accepting the killing of his father and then self-indulgence and self-praise of Zahhak are two back wheels of emotion and physiology in behavior machine. Therefore, he has received a saddening message and his cycle of behavior continues for supplying the need for power. In addition, he is deprived of a meaningful and emotional relationship. On the other hand, Fereydoun is the pattern of characters who have more effective and responsible behavior after receiving a saddening message while maintaining its meaningful and emotional relationship with others to meet his need for power with the help of others. Moreover, his behavior is the domination of two front wheels (i.e., thought and action) over the other two components .The comparison and conflict of the perceptual world, the favorable world and choosing the behavior of these two while considering four cognitive, interpersonal, personal and emotional realms determine the ability of the educational role of the story.

References:

اریکسون، میلتون (1375) قصه درمانی (نقش قصه در تغییر زندگی و شخصیت)، ترجمۀ مهدی قراچه‌داغی، تهران: نشر اوحدی.

برنتس، هانس (1384) مبانی نظریه ادبی، ترجمۀ محمدرضا ابوالقاسمی، تهران: نشر ماهی.

بتلهایم، برونو(1381) افسون و افسانه‌ها، ترجمۀ اختر شریعت‌زاده‌، تهران: هرمس.

پیوزی، مایکل(1379) یورگن هابرماس، ترجمۀ احمد تدین، تهران: هرمس.

تمیم داری، احمد (1377) داستان‌های ایرانی، تهران: پژوهشگاه فرهنگ و تمدن اسلامی.

چندلر، دانیل (1386) مبانی نشانه‌شناسی، ترجمۀ مهدی پارسا، تهران: سورۀ مهر.

حدادی، حسین (1357) بررسی عناصر داستان‌های ایرانی، مجموعه مقاله، تهران: سورۀ مهر.

فردوسی، ابوالقاسم (1396) شاهنامه، جلد 8، به کوشش جلال خالقی مطلق، تهران: مرکز دایره المعارف بزرگ اسلامی.

خالقی مطلق، جلال (1396) یادداشت‌های شاهنامه، بخش یکم،تهران: مرکز دایره المعارف بزرگ اسلامی.

زابیس، چک (1380) هنر قصه‌گویی خلاق، ترجمۀ مینو پرنیانی، تهران: نشر رشد.

سیگال، رابرت (1354) اسطوره، ترجمۀ احمدرضا تفاء، تهران: نشر ماهی.

شاملو، سعید (1377) مکتب‌ها و نظریه‌ها در روانشناسی شخصیت، تهران: رشد.

صاحبی، علی (1389) قصه درمانی (گسترده تربیتی و درمانی تمثیل)، تهران: ارجمند.

صاحبی، علی، سلطانی‌فر، عاطفه (1394) فرآیند گام به گام (واقعیت درمانی دعوت به مسئولیت پذیری)، تهران: سایه سخن.

کرین، ویلیام (1384) نظریه‌های رشد (مفاهیم و کاربردها)، ترجمۀ غلامرضا خوی‌نژاد و علیرضا رجایی، تهران: رشد.

کمبل، جوزف (1397) قدرت اسطوره (گفت‌وگو با بیل مویزر)، ترجمۀ عباس مخبر، تهران: نشر مرکز.

گلاسر، ویلیام (1394) درآمدی بر روانشناسی امید تئوری انتخاب، ترجمۀ علی صاحبی، تهران: سایه سخن.

گلاسر، ویلیام (1392) چارت تئوری انتخاب، ترجمۀ علی صاحبی، تهران: سایه سخن.

ناصر مقدسی، عبدالرضا (1395) درآمدی بر نورومیتولوژی، تهران: فرهامه.

ناصر مقدسی، عبدالرضا (1394) رستاخیز اسطوره (نگاهی به رابطه مغز و اسطوره در جهان پیچیده جدید)، تهران: فرهامه.

ناظمی، یحیی (1385) ادبیات کودک، رویکرد قصه‌گویی و نمایش خلاق، تهران: چاپار.

منابع لاتین

.D.W Winnicott (1992) in Through Paediatrics to Psychoanalysis. London: Karnac Books.

Eliade. Mircea (1963) Myth and Reality, New York : Harper& Row.

Montagnes.James (2011) Stop spinning your wheels .Stephen revised hoinkes.

Bettelheim, Bruno (2002) Enchantments and Myths, translated by Akhtar Shariatzadeh, Tehran: Hermes.

Brents, Hans (2005) Fundamentals of Literary Theory, translated by Mohammad Reza Abolghasemi, Tehran: Mahi Publishing.

Campbell, Joseph (2019) The Power of Myth (Interview with Bill Moiser), translated by Abbas Mokhber, Tehran: Markaz Publishing.

Chandler, Daniel (2007) Fundamentals of Semiotics, translated by Mehdi Parsa, Tehran: Surah Mehr.

Crane, William (2005) Growth Theories (Concepts and Applications), translated by Gholamreza Khoynejad and Alireza Rajaei, Tehran: Roshd.

Erickson, Milton (1996) Story Therapy (The Role of Story in Changing Life and Personality), translated by Mehdi Gharacheh Daghi, Tehran: Ouhadi Publishing.

Ferdowsi, Abolghasem (2018) Shahnameh, Volume 8, by Jalal Khaleghi Motlagh, Tehran: Center of the Great Islamic Encyclopedia.

Glaser, William (2013) Chart of Choice Theory, translated by Ali Sahebi, Tehran: Sayeh Sokhan.

Glaser, William (2015) An Introduction to the Psychology of Hope Theory of Choice, translated by Ali Sahebi, Tehran: Sayeh Sokhan.

Haddadi, Hossein (1978) A Study of the Elements of Iranian Stories, Article Collection, Tehran: Surah Mehr.

Khaleghi Motlagh, Jalal (2017) Shahnameh Notes, Part I, Tehran: The Great Islamic Encyclopedia Center.

Naser Moghadasi, Abdolreza (2015) The Resurrection of Myth (A Look at the Relationship between the Brain and Myth in the New Complex World), Tehran: Farhameh.

Nasser Moghaddasi, Abdolreza (2016) An Introduction to Neuromitology, Tehran: Farhameh.

Nazemi, Yahya (2006) Children's Literature, Storytelling and Creative Play Approach, Tehran: Chapar.

Pouzi, Michael (2000) Jürgen Habermas, translated by Ahmad Tadayon, Tehran: Hermes.

Sahebi, Ali (2010) Story therapy (extensive educational and therapeutic allegory), Tehran: Arjmand.

Sahebi, Ali, Soltanifar, Atefeh (2015) Step-by-step process (reality therapy, invitation to responsibility), Tehran: Saye Sokhan.

Seagal, Robert (1975) Myth, translated by Ahmad Reza Tafa, Tehran: Mahi Publishing.

Shamloo, Saeed (1998) Schools and Theories in Personality Psychology, Tehran: Roshd.

Tamimdari, Ahmad (1998) Iranian Stories, Tehran: Institute of Islamic Culture and Civilization.

Zabis, Czech (2001) The Art of Creative Storytelling, translated by Minoo Parniani, Tehran: Roshd Publishing.

Latin References

.D.W Winnicott (1992) in Through Paediatrics to Psychoanalysis. London: Karnac Books.

Eliade. Mircea (1963) Myth and Reality, New York : Harper& Row.

Montagnes.James (2011) Stop spinning your wheels .Stephen revised hoinkes.