Evaluation of the class-based view of Bahram Beyzai in the light of Wittfogel's and Marx's views, based on plays Arash, Azhdahak, Karname-ye Bandar Bidakhsh, Soltan-Mar [The King Snake], Chahar sandoogh [four boxes] and Dar Hozour-e Bad [in the presence of wind]

Subject Areas : Persian language and literature texts

Shirzad Tayefi ¹ , Koroush Salman Nasr ²

1 - Associate Professor Persian Language and Literature, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran
2 - PhD Student Persian Language and Literature, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran.

Received: 2020-06-01 Accepted : 2020-06-30 Published : 2022-06-22

Keywords: class-based view, Marx, play (theatre), oriental tyrant, Wittfogel, Bahram Beyzai,

Abstract :

One of the important ways to understand the meaning of a literary work is to understand its social, political and historical attitudes. Accordingly, the recognition of the theories of other fields of human sciences is important. The oriental tyrant theory of Wittfogel's and Marx's views on the concept of class in society are among the approaches that help us understand how social classes are formed. The oriental tyrant theory shows how tyrant governing the oriental, hydraulic empire-based societies, causes the formation of the classes of society. In Marxism, Marxian class theory explains the impact of private ownership and ultimately capitalism on the formation of classes in society. In this way, it is possible to study communities in literary works. Bahram Beyzai is an Iranian playwright that social classes and conflicts are well represented in his works; accordingly, in order to understand his works, the class attitudes in his works must be known. In this study, based on the Wittfogel's and Marx's class views, his plays, including Arash, Azhdahak, Karname-ye Bandar Bidakhsh, Soltan-Mar [The King Snake], Chahar sandoogh [four boxes] and Dar Hozour-e Bad [in the presence of wind], are classically examined. To this end, while using the qualitative analysis method, we will examine his works by relying on library and documentary-based studies and using the classical theories of Wittfogel and Marx. The results show that plays Arash, Azhdahak and Karname-ye Bandar Bidakhsh are associated with Whittfogel's class attitudes; while plays Chahar sandoogh [four boxes] and Dar Hozour-e Bad [in the presence of wind] are related to Marx's class approach. The play of Soltan-Mar [The King Snake] follow an intermediate class approach, which can be read by both Marx's and Wittfogel's approach.

References:

کتاب‌ها

آندرسون، پری (1390) تبارهای دولت استبدادی، ترجمۀ حسن مرتضوی، تهران: ثالث.

اوستا (1385) گزارش و پژوهش جلیل دوستخواه، چاپ10، تهران: مروارید.

بیضایی، بهرام (1389) مجلس قربانی سنّمار، چاپ چهارم، تهران: روشنگران و مطالعات زنان.

بیضایی، بهرام (1361) سلطان مار، تهران: تیراژه.

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بیضایی، بهرام (1396) دیوان نمایش 2، چاپ 5، تهران: روشنگران و مطالعات زنان.

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Daryayi, Touraj. (2013). Who was Arash Schwatter? Bukhara, 15 (95 and 96), 166-176.

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